Introduction to Psychiatric Nursing
History of psychiatric nursing
 1859-1860
 Florence Nightingale—Notes on Nursing
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBVX5s43
_Ks
 THIS IS REALLY LONG BUT WAY
WORTH learning about Florence – it
really shows you how we got here and the
impact of her own mental health on
nursing.
 1841-1887
 Dorothea Dix worked to reform psychiatric care in mental
hospitals, not a nurse.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSYM4IS_jiA
 1873
 Linda Richards graduated from New England Hospital for
Women and Children in Boston. First trained American
psychiatric nurse.
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Richards
 1882
 Boston City Hospital Training School Nurses established at
McLean Hospital.
 1913
 Johns Hopkins-first school of nursing to include a course on
psychiatric nursing in its curriculum (Effie Taylor initiated)
 1920
 Harriet Bailey, first nurse educator to write a psychiatric
nursing text “Nursing Mental Disease”
 1946
 National Institute of Mental Health created
 1950
 NLN required that schools of nursing must provide an
experience in psych nursing
 1952
 Hildegarde Peplau- published Interpersonal Relations in
Nursing, first systematic theoretical framework in psychiatric
nursing
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=96OsVRse
buA
 1954
 Development of major tranquilizers/psychotropic drugs chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic.
 First Graduate Nursing Program—Peplau at Rudgers
 1960
 Ida Orlando-Initiated the term Nursing Process, presented
general theoretical framework for all nurse-patient
relationships
 1962
 Peplau publishes Interpersonal Techniques: the Crux of
Psychiatric Nursing, identifying counseling as the heart of the
nurse’s role
 1963
 Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, Journal of Psychiatric
Nursing and Mental Health Services published
 1963
 Community Mental Health Centers Act passed
 Two nursing journals established
 1973
 Standards of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Practice
published
 1978
 President’s Commission on Mental Health Report
 1986
 American Psychiatric Nurses Association established
 2003
 Certification of Psychiatric Nurse Practitioners by ANA
What is Mental Health?
What is Mental Illness?
How does Culture play a role?
Multiaxial Assessment
 Axis I
 Clinical Disorders
 http://www.psyweb.com/DSM_IV/jsp/Axis_I.jsp
 Axis II
 Personality Disorders/Mental Retardation
 http://www.psyweb.com/DSM_IV/jsp/Axis_II.jsp
 Axis III
 General Medical Conditions
 http://www.psyweb.com/DSM_IV/jsp/Axis_III.jsp
 Axis IV
 Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
 http://www.psyweb.com/DSM_IV/jsp/Axis_IV.jsp
 Axis V
 Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF scale)
 http://www.seniorhomes.com/p/understanding-theglobal-assessment-of-functioning-scale/
Role of the Mental Health Team
 Psychiatric Nurse
 Psychiatrist
 Psychologist
 Social Worker
 Case Management/Utilization Review
 Mental Health Technicians
 Role of the Psychiatric Nurse
Nurse/Patient Relationship
 Psychiatric nursing is the therapeutic use of self
 Personal Qualities of the nurse:
 Self-Awareness- “Know thyself”
 Clarify Values- what is important to me?
 Accept differences
 Do not project your values
 Explore feelings
 Awareness of feelings and meanings
 Altruism- why do I want to help others?
Hospitalizing for Mental Illness
 Voluntary - FVA
 Involuntary PEC –
 http://www.dhh.state.la.us/assets/docs/BehavioralHealth/publ
ications/CSOC/Doucments/AOT_SB182_Act407.pdf
 Court-Committed
 Patients’ Rights
 http://mhas.louisiana.gov/web/14/home
Universal Bill of Rights for Mental Health Patients
 ADA of 1990
 HIPPA
 Tarasoff—duty to warn
Settings for Psychiatric Care
http://www.northtexashelp.com/mental-health-treatment-settings.html
 Inpatient Care Settings
 Outpatient Care Settings
 Psychiatric home care
 Intensive Outpatient Programs (IOP)
 Partial Hospitalizations Programs (PHP)
 Residential Treatment Programs
 Group Homes
 Rehab Centers