STUDY GUIDE
SEMESTER 2 EXAM 3
Dr. Marks
Name:______________________________________ Period: ______ Date: _________________
1
Scientific thinking can be used
2
A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is called a(n)
3
A general explanation for a broad range of data is called a
4
A scientific theory is
5
What is the most recent tool available to scientists?
6
As a characteristic of all living things, homeostasis relates most directly to which of the biological
themes?
7
The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from
8
The process by which organisms make more of their own kind is called
9
The smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a carbon
10
Covalent bonds form when
11
Attractions between water molecules are called
12
Water is a polar molecule because
13
What is not considered to be a large biomolecule?
14
What molecules are classified as carbohydrates?
15
The overall shape of a single chain of amino acids in a protein is that protein’s
16
What gives each amino acid its unique properties?
17
Which molecules are most closely related to nucleic acids?
18
The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by
19
Describe Enzymes
20
What are the parts of the cell theory?
21
Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because
22
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes do not have
23
Which cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA?
24
The genetic material that provides instructions for making proteins is
25
Only eukaryotic cells have
26
Where are bound ribosomes located?
27
The organelle that moves proteins and other substances through the cell is the
28
The organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins is the
29
Plant cells have a large membrane-bound compartment in which water, waste products, and
nutrients can be stored. This compartment is called the
30
The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the
31
What true statements about colonial organisms can you make?
32
Phospholipids are molecules that have
33
Proteins in the cell membrane that identify the cell are called
34
As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances
35
Sugar molecules cross the cell membrane by
36
Ions move through ion channels by
37
Osmosis is a type of
38
What true statements can you make about an isotonic solution and a cell ?
39
Proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to move into a cell through diffusion or active
transport move in by
40
Removing materials from a cell in vesicles is called
41
What change takes place in the cell membrane if a signal molecule causes a transport protein to
open?
42
What true statements can you make about glucose is correct?
43
When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule,
44
Chlorophyll is green because
45
The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is
46
Hydrogen ion pumps found in the thylakoid membranes are directly responsible for
47
What true statements can you make about the dark reactions of photosynthesis?
48
The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of sugar molecules comes from
49
As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis
50
Low temperatures may cause photosynthesis to occur
51
Which environmental factors does not affect the rate of photosynthesis?
52
The process of cellular respiration
53
Cellular respiration takes place in two stages:
54
In aerobic respiration, a two-carbon molecule combines with a four-carbon molecule as part of
55
Water is an end product in
56
If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration,
57
When a chromosome condenses
58
In a bacterium, cell division takes place when
59
Binary fission
60
The process of producing offspring is called reproduction and can be
61
Sexual reproduction includes
62
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for
63
In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have
64
The X and Y chromosomes are called
65
How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?
66
Separation of homologues occurs during
67
Crossing-over occurs
68
Which processes provide new genetic combinations?
69
During alternation of generations, cells reproduce by
70
The scientific study of heredity is called
71
Mendel obtained his P generation by allowing the plants to
72
Step 1 of Mendel’s garden pea experiment, allowing each variety of garden pea to self-pollinate for
several generations, produced the
73
The discovery of chromosomes provided a link between the first law of heredity that stemmed from
Mendel’s work and
74
The phenotype of an organism
75
If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be
76
When an individual heterozygous for a trait is crossed with an individual homozygous recessive for
the trait, the offspring produced will
77
What is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant  heterozygous
recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
78
What is the expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant  heterozygous
monohybrid cross?
79
The unknown genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype can be determined using a
80
What is the probability that the offspring of a homozygous dominant individual and a homozygous
recessive individual will exhibit the dominant phenotype?
81
If a characteristic is sex-linked, the gene for it is found on
82
A diagram in which several generations of a family and the occurrence of certain genetic
characteristics are shown is called a
83
In humans, eye color and height are controlled by
84
Genes that are close together on a single chromosome are considered to be
85
The function of an operator is to
86
The lac operon is shut off when
87
Transcription factors are
88
Which cell organelle contains its own DNA?
89
Which disease is caused by a problem in the regulation of the cell cycle?
90
Explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in a controlled
experiment. Also indicate whether or not each kind of variable would be found in a control group
and an experimental group.
91
Before doing experiments, what should you know about lab safety? What procedure should you
follow if an accident occurs during an experiment in your class?
92
List and describe the seven properties of life shared by all living organisms.
93
Describe the making of a ribosome. Include the difference between the two kinds of ribosomes.
94
R
Refer to the illustration above. Identify and explain the processes taking place in figure A and
figure B.
95
Describe three ways in which the binding of a signal molecule to a receptor protein can change the
functioning of a cell.
96
The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is usually described as a cycle.
Explain briefly.
97
Give three reasons cells reproduce.