Conservation Management Zones of Australia
South Australian Eucalypt Woodlands
Prepared by the Department of the Environment
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project and associated products are the result of collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation Division
and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided
by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture
(DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic community.
We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the
Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (ABARES), Sue
McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David
Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife
Fund for their generosity and advice.
Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled
identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.
© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.
The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use
under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the
Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by
third parties, and any images depicting people.
For licence conditions see here.
Contents
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ................................................................ 4
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 4
Zone at a glance .......................................................................................................................... 5
Population characteristics .......................................................................................................... 10
Employment, volunteering and incomes .................................................................................... 15
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice .................. 18
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas ............................................. 21
Zone vegetation characteristics ................................................................................................. 23
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands............................................................................... 24
World and National Heritage ...................................................................................................... 25
Major National Reserve System properties................................................................................ 25
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities ............................................................... 26
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species ........................................................................................ 27
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species .......................................................................................... 30
Threatened endemic species ..................................................................................................... 31
Invasive species ........................................................................................................................ 34
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations .......................................................... 37
Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country
The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past
and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep
spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including
Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.
Introduction
The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological
and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.
The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will
assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report
on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with
local action.
They also provide a framework within which the Australian Government can harness on-ground knowledge and
expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government
about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.
The Conservation Management Zones are not intended to drive any change to existing administrative boundaries
or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage
environmental assets across borders, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and
stakeholders.
Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socioeconomic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds
to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our
natural resources more effectively.
The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic
landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles
contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management
practices. We hope that, in future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide
more complete information.
Zone at a glance
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
CITIES AND PERI-URBAN AREAS
POPULATION
Adelaide
1,277,174
Crafers-Bridgewater
14,621
Gawler
22,652
Mount Barker
14,463
Victor Harbour-Goolwa
15,499
TOWNS
POPULATION
Angaston
1,934
Angle Vale
2,362
Balhannah
1,594
Hahndorf
2,100
Kingscote
1,761
TOWNS
POPULATION
Lobethal
1,956
Lyndoch
1,616
McLaren Flat / Vale
4,071
Nairne
4,205
Nurioopta
5,217
Strathalbyn
5,297
Tanunda
4,211
Williamstown
1,889
Wilunga
2,039
Woodside
1,839
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONS
Natural Resources Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges
SA
Natural Resources Kangaroo Island
SA
Natural Resources SA Murray Darling Basin
SA
TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES
VALUE (MILLIONS)
Fruit
$197
Dairy
$55
Lamb
$47
Vegetables for consumption
$45
Beef
$44
Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)
$559
CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*
Mean annual temperature
14.3 Celsius
Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month
25.0 Celsius
Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month
6.1 Celsius
Mean Annual Rainfall
641.8 mm
Dominant rainfall season
Winter
* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of
rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012)
Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of
Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces
version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).
For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Native Title area
Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it
continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous
persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.
Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National
Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).
Population characteristics
Population
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOME
English
82.87%
Other languages
13.35%
Not stated
3.65%
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Education
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Employment, volunteering and incomes
Employment
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Volunteering
Income
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and
sources of NRM advice
Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility
for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to
assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key
environmental custodians.
Agricultural commodity values
Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data
Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice
* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey
(LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses
across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area
2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only.
For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4630.0
** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228
broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame.
The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this
reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.
^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents
who identified they sought advice.
For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domesticforestry/prep-for-future/drivers-
Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government
Areas
Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping
Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program
(ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to:
http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/
INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS
South Australian Native Title Services: http://www.nativetitlesa.org
Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone,
it continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to
Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.
Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to:
http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS
Alexandrina Council
SA
The Dc Of Mallala
SA
The City Of Norwood Payneham And St Peters
SA
City Of Marion
SA
City Of Victor Harbor
SA
Kangaroo Island Council
SA
Adelaide City Council
SA
Campbelltown City Council
SA
Light Regional Council
SA
The Regional Council Of Goyder
SA
Mid Murray Council
SA
City Of Prospect
SA
City Of Burnside
SA
The Barossa Council
SA
City Of Tea Tree Gully
SA
City Of Charles Sturt
SA
City Of Salisbury
SA
City Of West Torrens
SA
City Of Unley
SA
City Of Playford
SA
Adelaide Hills Council
SA
City Of Holdfast Bay
SA
The Corporation Of The Town Of Walkerville
SA
City Of Onkaparinga
SA
The Dc Of Mount Barker
SA
City Of Mitcham
SA
City Of Port Adelaide Enfield
SA
The Dc Of Yankalilla
SA
Town Of Gawler
SA
The Rural City Of Murray Bridge
SA
Zone vegetation characteristics
The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification
system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and
distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.
Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation
distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation
mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types
across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums
(e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type
occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present
are therefore not represented.
It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is
of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on
vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.
Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater
discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia.
For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia.
In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass
understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone
(58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical
Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately
19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only
provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.
For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-informationsystem
Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands
RAMSAR WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
The Coorong, and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland
SA
134.92
For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-ourenvironment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands
NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
CRITERIA
Ambersun – West Swamp
SA
5.68
1, 5
American River Wetland System
SA
2,044.56
1, 3, 5, 6
Birchmore Lagoon
SA
141.05
3
Busby & Beatrice Islets
SA
20.43
3
Cleland Perched Swamps
SA
6.36
1, 2, 3, 5
Congeratinga Swamp
SA
10.39
1, 5
Cygnet Estuary
SA
1,186.03
1, 2, 3, 5
Cygnet River & Duck Lagoon
SA
184.07
1, 2, 3
D Estrees Bay
SA
125.94
3, 5
Engelbrook Reserve
SA
0.13
1
Flinders Chase River Systems
SA
42,298.95
1, 2, 3, 5
Gold Diggings Swamp
SA
78.13
1, 2
Grassdale Lagoons
SA
89.95
1, 3, 5
Illawong Swamp
SA
67.54
1, 2, 5
Lake Ada
SA
808.50
1, 3
Lashmar Lagoon and Chapman River
SA
64.62
3, 5
Maylands Swamp
SA
21.00
1
Murray Lagoon
SA
1,555.19
3, 5
Onkaparinga Estuary
SA
98.51
1, 3, 6
Rush Lagoon
SA
118.42
1
Six Mile Lagoon
SA
4.88
1
Stipiturus Conservation Park (Glenshera Swamp)
SA
31.62
1, 5
The Coorong, Lake Alexandrina & Lake Albert
SA
168.10
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Tookayerta & Finniss Catchments
SA
236.40
1, 3, 5, 6
Upper Boat Harbour Creek Wetlands
SA
128.26
1, 2, 5
Upper Hindmarsh River Catchment
SA
5.81
1, 2, 5
Waidrowski Lagoon
SA
393.41
1, 3, 5
Washpool Lagoon
SA
52.94
1
White Lagoon Wetland System
SA
432.96
1, 3, 5
Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:
1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.
2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major
wetland system/complex.
3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or
provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.
4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.
5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or
vulnerable at the national level.
6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.
Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more
information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directoryimportant-wetlands-australia-third-edition
World and National Heritage
HERITAGE VALUES
WORLD OR NATIONAL
HERITAGE
TYPE
JURISDICTION
HECTARES
% OF
ZONE
The Adelaide Park Lands
and City Layout
National
Historic
SA
820.55
0.07
South Australian Old and
New Parliament Houses
National
Historic
SA
0.66
0.00
Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these
heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australianheritage-database
For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage
Major National Reserve System properties
MAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES
Name
Property type
IUCN
category
Jurisdiction
Hectares
% of zone
Ravine des Casoars
Wilderness Protection Area
IB
SA
41,320
3.71
Flinders Chase
National Park
II
SA
32,590
2.93
Cape Gantheaume
Wilderness Protection Area
IB
SA
20,085
1.80
Seal Bay
Conservation Park
VI
SA
6,182
0.56
Cape Bouguer
Wilderness Protection Area
IB
SA
5,144
0.46
Deep Creek
Conservation Park
II
SA
4,398
0.40
Cape Gantheaume
Conservation Park
IA
SA
4,213
0.38
Western River
Wilderness Protection Area
IB
SA
2,454
0.22
Kelly Hill
Conservation Park
III
SA
2,176
0.20
Dudley
Conservation Park
IA
SA
1,769
0.16
Onkaparinga River
National Park
II
SA
1,544
0.14
Vivonne Bay
Conservation Park
IA
SA
1,538
0.14
Para Wirra
Recreation Park
III
SA
1,506
0.14
Lesueur
Conservation Park
IA
SA
1,364
0.12
Unnamed (No.HA20)
Heritage Agreement
III
SA
1,204
0.11
Lathami
Conservation Park
IA
SA
1,176
0.11
Unnamed (No.HA117)
Heritage Agreement
III
SA
1,134
0.10
Newland Head
Conservation Park
III
SA
1,109
0.10
Unnamed (No.HA388)
Heritage Agreement
III
SA
1,065
0.10
Mount Gawler
Forest Reserve
IV
SA
1,044
0.09
THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Ia Strict Nature Reserve
IUCN protected area management categories classify
protected areas according to their management
objectives. The categories are recognised by international
bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by
many national governments, including the Australian
Government, as the global standard for defining and
recording protected areas.
Ib Wilderness Area
II National Park
III Natural Monument or Feature
IV Habitat/Species Management Area
V Protected Landscape/ Seascape
VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources
Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation:
http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/
For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system
Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.
EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities
THREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Name
Listing status
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula
Critically
Endangered
63.96
0.09
Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata)
Grassy Woodland of South Australia
Critically
Endangered
7.05
0.78
Iron-grass Natural Temperate Grassland of South
Australia
Critically
Endangered
1.81
0.23
Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands
and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern
Australia
Endangered
0.1
0.16
* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution
of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community
is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that
the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone.
Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone
in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may
be to find within the zone.
The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For
more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities
EPBC Act (1999) threatened species
THREATENED MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Kangaroo Island Dunnart
Sminthopsis aitkeni
Endangered
100
39.68
Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern)
Isoodon obesulus obesulus
Endangered
17.41
59.81
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Blue Whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Australian Sea-lion
Neophoca cinerea
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Kangaroo Island),
Glossy Black-Cockatoo (South Australian)
Calyptorhynchus lathami
halmaturinus
Endangered
99.99
3.30
Spotted Quail-thrush (Mt Lofty Ranges)
Cinclosoma punctatum
anachoreta
Critically
Endangered
98.77
5.05
Chestnut-rumped Heathwren (Mt Lofty Ranges)
Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri
Endangered
98.74
1.94
Southern Emu-wren (Fleurieu Peninsula), Mount
Lofty Southern Emu-wren
Stipiturus malachurus
intermedius
Endangered
97.58
7.39
Western Whipbird (eastern)
Psophodes nigrogularis
leucogaster
Vulnerable
3.11
5.99
Australian Fairy Tern
Sternula nereis nereis
Vulnerable
2.7
13.98
Australasian Bittern
Botaurus poiciloptilus
Endangered
1.74
57.93
Australian Painted Snipe
Rostratula australis
Endangered
0.26
4.60
Orange-bellied Parrot
Neophema chrysogaster
Critically
Endangered
0.11
0.62
Malleefowl
Leipoa ocellata
Vulnerable
0.03
2.50
Red-lored Whistler
Pachycephala rufogularis
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Slender-billed Thornbill (western)
Acanthiza iredalei iredalei
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
Swift Parrot
Lathamus discolor
Endangered
0.01
0.15
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea exulans exulans
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Northern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora sanfordi
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Soft-plumaged Petrel
Pterodroma mollis
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea exulans antipodensis
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
impavida
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Blue Petrel
Halobaena caerulea
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
THREATENED BIRDS
THREATENED BIRDS
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora
epomophora
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta cauta
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
White-capped Albatross
Thalassarche cauta steadi
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
THREATENED REPTILES
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard
Aprasia pseudopulchella
Vulnerable
2.22
3.69
Pygmy Blue-tongue Lizard,
Adelaide Blue-tongue Lizard
Tiliqua adelaidensis
Endangered
1.29
0.30
Loggerhead Turtle
Caretta caretta
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth
Dermochelys coriacea
Endangered
n/a
n/a
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
Common name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Murray Hardyhead
Craterocephalus fluviatilis
Endangered
1.71
1.81
Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green
and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog
Litoria raniformis
Vulnerable
0.64
12.58
Murray Cod
Maccullochella peelii
Vulnerable
May be
present
May be
present
School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper
Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark
Galeorhinus galeus
Conservation
Dependent
n/a
n/a
Southern Bluefin Tuna
Thunnus maccoyii
Conservation
Dependent
n/a
n/a
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Vulnerable
n/a
n/a
OTHER THREATENED FAUNA
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
THREATENED FLORA
Common Name
Scientific name
Status
% of total
distribution*
% of
zone**
Stiff White Spider-orchid
Caladenia rigida
Endangered
100
2.48
Small-flowered Daisy-bush
Olearia microdisca
Endangered
100
2.45
THREATENED FLORA
Mount Compass Swamp Gum, Fleurieu Swamp Gum,
Marsh Gum
Eucalyptus paludicola
Endangered
100
0.57
Mount Compass Oak-bush
Allocasuarina robusta
Endangered
100
0.46
Pink-lipped Spider-orchid
Caladenia behrii
Endangered
100
7.58
None
Leionema equestre
Endangered
100
1.53
Kangaroo Island Turpentine Bush
Beyeria subtecta
Vulnerable
100
0.99
Yellow Bush-pea, Splendid Bush-pea
Pultenaea villifera var.
glabrescens
Vulnerable
100
1.90
Twining Finger Flower
Cheiranthera volubilis
Vulnerable
100
22.36
Butterfly Spyridium
Spyridium coactilifolium
Vulnerable
100
0.73
None
Logania insularis
Vulnerable
99.99
0.09
MacGillivray Spyridium
Spyridium eriocephalum var.
glabrisepalum
Vulnerable
99.96
5.41
Plum Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum pruinosum
Endangered
99.92
5.38
Kangaroo Island Spider-orchid
Caladenia ovata
Vulnerable
99.92
6.18
None
Correa calycina
Vulnerable
99.9
1.15
Finniss Helmet-orchid
Corybas sp. Finniss (R.Bates
28794)
Endangered
99.42
0.30
Finniss Helmet-orchid
Corybas dentatus
Vulnerable
99.42
0.30
Kangaroo Island Pomaderris
Pomaderris halmaturina
subsp. halmaturina
Vulnerable
99.38
2.20
White-beauty Spider-orchid
Caladenia argocalla
Endangered
80.46
27.43
Osborn’s Eyebright
Euphrasia collina subsp.
osbornii
Endangered
72.28
1.48
Ironstone Mulla Mulla
Ptilotus beckerianus
Vulnerable
57.45
23.87
Monarto Mintbush
Prostanthera eurybioides
Endangered
41.1
0.47
Pale Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum pallidum
Vulnerable
28.97
30.38
Silver Daisy-bush
Olearia pannosa subsp.
pannosa
Vulnerable
22.42
29.79
Bayonet Spider-orchid, Clubbed Spider-orchid
Caladenia gladiolata
Endangered
20.68
2.48
Menzel’s Wattle
Acacia menzelii
Vulnerable
14.47
12.50
Leafy Greenhood
Pterostylis cucullata
Vulnerable
12.49
12.91
Neat Wattle, Resin Wattle (SA)
Acacia rhetinocarpa
Vulnerable
12.35
4.75
Spiral Sun-orchid
Thelymitra matthewsii
Vulnerable
10.56
2.52
Greencomb Spider-orchid, Rigid Spider-orchid
Caladenia tensa
Endangered
4.84
46.17
Peep Hill Hop-bush
Dodonaea subglandulifera
Endangered
4.14
0.72
Metallic Sun-orchid
Thelymitra epipactoides
Endangered
3.79
20.59
Maroon Leek-orchid, Slaty Leek-orchid, Stout Leekorchid, French’s Leek-orchid, Swamp Leek-orchid
Prasophyllum frenchii
Endangered
3.47
12.13
Clover Glycine, Purple Clover
Glycine latrobeana
Vulnerable
3.29
33.49
* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species
that is found within the zone.
** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.
The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.
The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999
(EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.
Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a
significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer
to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats
Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl
EPBC Act (1999) migratory species
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Common name
Scientific name
Antipodean Albatross
Diomedea antipodensis
Bar-tailed Godwit
Limosa lapponica
Black-browed Albatross
Thalassarche melanophris
Campbell Albatross
Thalassarche impavida
Caspian Tern
Sterna caspia
Cattle Egret
Ardea ibis
Curlew Sandpiper
Calidris ferruginea
Double-banded Plover
Charadrius bicinctus
Eastern Curlew
Numenius madagascariensis
Flesh-footed Shearwater,
Fleshy-footed Shearwater
Puffinus carneipes
Fork-tailed Swift
Apus pacificus
Great Egret
White Egret
Ardea alba
Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii
Grey-tailed Tattler
Heteroscelus brevipes
Latham’s Snipe,
Japanese Snipe
Gallinago hardwickii
Little Tern
Sterna albifrons
Northern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes halli
Northern Royal Albatross
Diomedea sanfordi
Pacific Golden Plover
Pluvialis fulva
Painted Snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
(sensu lato)
Rainbow Bee-eater
Merops ornatus
Red Knot, Knot
Calidris canutus
Red-necked Stint
Calidris ruficollis
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres
Rufous Fantail
Rhipidura rufifrons
Sanderling
Calidris alba
MIGRATORY BIRDS
Satin Flycatcher
Myiagra cyanoleuca
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Calidris acuminata
Short-tailed Shearwater
Puffinus tenuirostris
Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross
Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)
Southern Giant-Petrel
Macronectes giganteus
Southern Royal Albatross
Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)
Tristan Albatross
Diomedea dabbenena
Wandering Albatross
Diomedea exulans
(sensu lato)
Whimbrel
Numenius phaeopus
White-bellied
Sea-Eagle
Haliaeetus leucogaster
White-capped
Albatross
Thalassarche steadi
White-throated
Needletail
Hirundapus caudacutus
OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES
Common name
Scientific name
Blue Whale
Balaenoptera musculus
Bryde’s Whale
Balaenoptera edeni
Dusky Dolphin
Lagenorhynchus obscurus
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
Green Turtle
Chelonia mydas
Humpback Whale
Megaptera novaeangliae
Killer Whale, Orca
Orcinus orca
Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth
Dermochelys coriacea
Loggerhead Turtle
Caretta caretta
Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark
Lamna nasus
Pygmy Right Whale
Caperea marginata
Southern Right Whale
Eubalaena australis
For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species
Threatened endemic species
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Taxonomic
group
Scientific name
Reservation status
EPBC Act status
IUCN status
Birds
Pterodroma incerta
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Endangered
Mammals
Sminthopsis aitkeni
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
Critically Endangered
Molluscs
Cupedora tomsetti
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Near Threatened
Plants
Caladenia ovata
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES
Plants
Corybas dentatus
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Pterostylis bryophila
Recorded in reserves
Critically Endangered
n/a
Plants
Pterostylis sp. hale
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Olearia microdisca
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Hibbertia tenuis
Not recorded in
reserves
Critically Endangered
n/a
Plants
Beyeria subtecta
Recorded in reserves
Vulnerable
n/a
Plants
Eucalyptus paludicola
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Correa eburnea
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Plants
Leionema equestre
Recorded in reserves
Endangered
n/a
Reptiles
Austrelaps labialis
Recorded in reserves
n/a
Vulnerable
Concentrations of unreserved endemic species
The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their
known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be
useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.
Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural
Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records
held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more
information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australiannatural-heritage-assessment-tool
Invasive species
INVASIVE MAMMALS
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
House Mouse
Mus musculus
0.31
99.99
Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat
Felis catus
0.14
99.99
Black Rat, Ship Rat
Rattus rattus
1
99.99
Goat
Capra hircus
0.5
96.39
Brown Rat, Norway Rat
Rattus norvegicus
4.4
75.17
Red Fox, Fox
Vulpes vulpes
0.11
60.31
Rabbit, European Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
0.12
60.31
Brown Hare
Lepus capensis
0.68
60.31
Domestic Dog
Canis lupus familiaris
0.26
57.88
Domestic Cattle
Bos taurus
0.37
56.43
Pig
Sus scrofa
0.18
55.87
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon
Columba livia
0.44
99.99
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
0.52
99.99
Skylark
Alauda arvensis
1.72
99.99
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
1.57
99.99
Spotted Turtle-Dove
Streptopelia chinensis
1.34
99.99
European Goldfinch
Carduelis carduelis
1.24
99.99
Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird
Turdus merula
1.22
99.99
House Sparrow
Passer domesticus
0.38
99.99
European Greenfinch
Carduelis chloris
4.24
75.17
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Pycnonotus jocosus
5.84
41.78
Wild Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
63.05
39.68
Common Pheasant
Phasianus colchicus
62.55
39.68
Indian Peafowl, Peacock
Pavo cristatus
61.5
39.68
Common Myna, Indian Myna
Acridotheres tristis
0.35
16.19
OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
INVASIVE FLORA
Common name
Scientific name
% of total distribution*
% of zone**
Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
subsp. monilifera
3.5
99.99
Gorse, Furze
Ulex europaeus
2.79
99.99
INVASIVE FLORA
Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and
Sterile Pussy Willow
Salix spp. except
S.babylonica, S.x calodendron
& S.x reichardtii
1.69
99.99
Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper,
Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus
Asparagus asparagoides
1.36
99.99
Blackberry, European Blackberry
Rubus fruticosus aggregate
1.34
99.99
Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk,
Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering
Cypress, Salt Cedar
Tamarix aphylla
1.42
89.78
Prickly Pears
Opuntia spp.
2.46
83.80
Chilean Needle grass
Nassella neesiana
3.53
83.22
Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common
Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom
Cytisus scoparius
3.75
80.29
African Boxthorn, Boxthorn
Lycium ferocissimum
1.35
63.62
Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine,
Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine,
Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine
Anredera cordifolia
7.02
58.74
Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom,
Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom
Genista monspessulana
4.26
57.05
Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White
Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato
Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry,
Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple,
Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo
Solanum elaeagnifolium
4.15
55.72
Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead
Sagittaria platyphylla
6.18
46.87
Prickly Pears
Cylindropuntia spp.
7.1
40.07
Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Alligator Apple,
Bullock’s Heart, Cherimoya, Monkey Apple,
Bobwood, Corkwood
Annona glabra
12.88
39.68
Bitou Bush
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
subsp. rotundata
6.58
39.68
Alligator Weed
Alternanthera philoxeroides
5.75
39.68
Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily
Eichhornia crassipes
4.7
39.68
Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish
Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina
Fanwort, Common Cabomba
Cabomba caroliniana
4.62
39.68
Mimosa, Giant Mimosa, Giant Sensitive Plant,
ThornySensitive Plant, Black Mimosa, Catclaw
Mimosa, Bashful Plant
Mimosa pigra
4.5
39.68
Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne,
Water Stargrass, West Indian Grass, West Indian
Marsh Grass
Hymenachne amplexicaulis
1.96
39.68
Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss,
Kariba Weed
Salvinia molesta
1.45
39.68
Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana,
Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red
Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White
Sage, Wild Sage
Lantana camara
0.94
39.68
Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed, Carrot Grass,
False Ragweed
Parthenium hysterophorus
0.74
39.68
Mesquite, Algaroba
Prosopis spp.
0.74
39.68
INVASIVE FLORA
Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India
Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda
Cryptostegia grandiflora
0.65
39.68
Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree,
Horse Bean
Parkinsonia aculeata
0.28
39.68
Olive, Common Olive
Olea europaea
22.53
26.99
Broom
Genista sp. X Genista
monspessulana
22.53
26.99
Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding
Pine
Pinus radiata
26.68
26.99
Bitou Bush, Boneseed
Chrysanthemoides monilifera
4.23
26.99
Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern
Asparagus scandens
8.27
14.31
Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax
Broom
Genista linifolia
3
11.02
Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper, Pale Berry
Asparagus Fern, Asparagus Fern, South African
Creeper
Asparagus declinatus
19.77
10.21
Climbing Asparagus-fern
Asparagus plumosus
3.43
10.02
Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus
Protasparagus plumosus
3.43
10.02
Prickly Pears
Austrocylindropuntia spp.
5.87
6.51
Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern,
Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald
Asparagus
Asparagus aethiopicus
1.27
3.54
* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.
** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.
It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the
species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**)
indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.
For more information on invasive species please refer to:
http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species
Vegetation profiles and management recommendations
Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from
the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and
NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.
The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological
Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of
management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring
and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.
Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile
1.57% Remaining
Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Eucalyptus odorata; Eucalyptus fasciculosa; Eucalyptus leucoxylon; Callitris gracilis;
Olearia ramulosa; Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. Cygnetensis; Eucalyptus dalrympleana; Briza maxima; Avena barbata;
Medicago sp; Bromus rubens; Avena barbata; tussock grass; forb.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
Retain and replant
native vegetation
to protect against
dryland salinity.
Exclude stock
during spring and
early summer
when understorey
may be flowering.
Fence off
remnants to allow
natural
regeneration. If
natural
regeneration
doesn’t occur,
plant tube stock
from locally
sourced seed.
Monitor and
manage native
herbivore
populations.
Purchase high
quality remnants
into reservation.
Do not continuous
set stock. 3 days
Encourage uptake on; 28 days rest is
appropriate.
of conservation
Manage total
agreements and
covenants on
grazing pressure
private land.
(including from
ferals and
Protect from
infrastructure and kangaroos).
Maintain a
development
minimum sward
activities.
height of 5cm at
Ban firewood and all times.
bush rock
harvesting. Retain Avoid cultivation
and soil
fallen timber, leaf
litter and standing disturbance.
dead trees.
Do not apply
fertiliser and avoid
spray drift from
adjacent
paddocks.
Use hand
broadcast, brush
mulching, niche
seeding, node
seeding, direct drill
and hand planting
to reestablish
vegetation strata.
Reestablishment
of indigenous
species is best
undertaken
following control of
exotic plants, fire
or after rain in
warmer months.
Small scale
mosaic burning
may be
appropriate, and
assist with weed
removal, but seek
advice from local
NRM organisation
and SA Country
Fire Service prior
to proceeding.
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Monitor and
eradicate new
weed invasions.
Spot spraying,
Add coarse woody hand pulling and
chipping are
debris to provide
habitat. Recycled preferable
removal methods.
timbers are fine,
Stagger removal
but should
so as to not leave
be untreated.
large areas of
In remnants with
bare ground as
few hollowweed cover may
bearing trees,
be providing
provide nesting
habitat for
boxes. Monitor
native fauna.
boxes regularly for
Slashing and
invasive species.
mowing may be
Fencing should
appropriate weed
not adversely
control methods,
affect native fauna but should be
(e.g. no electric
timed to avoid
fencing as bottom breeding season
strand, no barbed of
wire as top
ground-dwelling
strand).
birds.
Prevent soil
disturbance in and
around remnants.
Avoid adverse
impacts from
chemicals or other
mechanisms to
manage weeds.
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey vegetation profile
100% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus diversifolia; Eucalyptus remota; Eucalyptus cneorifolia; Eucalyptus rugosa; Eucalyptus albopurpurea;
Melaleuca lanceolata; Melaleuca uncinata; Hakea mitchellii; Hakea vittata; Banksia ornata; Banksia marginata;
Hakea rostrata; Lasiopetalum schulzenii; Allocasuarina striata; Correa eburnea; Pomaderris obcordata; shrub;
sedge.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Retain and replant
native vegetation
to protect against
dryland salinity.
Exclude stock
from remnants to
enable
recruitment.
Monitor and
manage native
herbivore
populations.
Close or fence
artificial sources
of water in
conservation
reserves as these
attract feral
species
and trampling.
Create
windbreaks with
mallee species
to reduce the
impacts of soil
erosion.
Undertake
restoration on sites
with few mature
overstorey
species, or if there
is no evidence of
natural
regeneration.
Actively manage
weeds when
undertaking
restoration
activities as
weeds compete
for soil moisture
with vulnerable
native replantings.
Monitor and
manage feral
goats, foxes,
rabbits and hares,
especially near
habitat for wildlife
such as
Malleefowl.
Protect, and
where possible,
fence
habitat
for Malleefowl.
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land.
Choose mallee
species that occur
on similar soils
Reduce tillage in
and slope aspect.
zones around
Match the relative
remnants.
abundance of
Avoid creating
different species
new access tracks according to intact
and roads
remnant patches.
through remnants.
Manage wildlife
corridors between
remnant patches.
Create buffer
zones around
remnants by
revegetating
previously cleared
lands with mallee
and ground storey
species.
Reduce the
occurrence of
large fires, and
use mosaic
burning
techniques.
Erect signs where
needed to warn
Ensure mosaic
drivers that
burns are targeted Malleefowl may
at different age
be on the road.
classes of
Minimise grain
vegetation,
spillage if
to ensure age
transporting
diversity between, through
and within,
Malleefowl
remnant patches. habitat.
Avoid clearing
roadsides for
firebreaks.
Discourage
broad-scale
burning for
agricultural
purposes in areas
that harbour
Malleefowl.
A 1-metre radius
weed-free buffer
should be
maintained
around native
woody plant
recruits. Use spot
control to maintain
this.
Apply herbicides
to actively growing
weeds and avoid
spray drift.
Control foxes and
rabbits/hares
simultaneously to
avoid foxes to
switching to
predation on
native species,
or increased
rabbit/hare
populations.
Monitor for
Red-legged earth
mites. Populations
should be
Do not leave large managed with a
soil active
areas of bare
insecticide.
ground to avoid
wind and water
erosion of soils.
Retain some
weed cover and
stagger removal
and replacement
with native
grasses.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile
99.96% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus fasciculosa; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus leucoxylon; Eucalyptus cladocalyx; Eucalyptus arenacea;
Eucalyptus baxteri; Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. cygnetensis; Callitris gracilis; Amyema miquelii; Acacia pycnantha;
Xanthorrhoea semiplana; Lepidosperma semiteres; Leptospermum myrsinoides; Banksia marginata; Astroloma
humifusum; Platylobium obtusangulum; forb; shrub; sedge; tussock grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Retain and replant
native vegetation
to protect against
dryland salinity.
Exclude stock
during spring and
early summer
when understorey
may be flowering.
Increase
connectivity
between
remnants.
Manage
over-populations
of native herbivore
populations.
Spot spraying,
hand pulling and
chipping are
preferable
removal methods.
Purchase high
quality remnants
into reservation.
If possible,
exclude stock
Encourage uptake altogether from
remnants that are
of conservation
being
agreements and
rehabilitated.
covenants on
Avoid fertiliser drift
private land.
Ban firewood and from adjacent
crops and
bush rock
harvesting. Retain pastures.
fallen timber, leaf
litter and standing
dead trees.
Fence off
remnants to allow
natural
regeneration. If no
natural recruitment
occurs, inplant
with tube stock
from locally
sourced seed.
Use hand
broadcast, brush
mulching, niche
seeding, node
seeding, direct drill
and hand planting
to reestablish
vegetation strata.
Reestablishment
of indigenous
species is best
undertaken
following control of
exotic plants, fire
or after rain in
warmer months.
Small scale
mosaic burning
may be
appropriate, and
assist with weed
removal, but seek
advice from local
NRM organisation
and SA Country
Fire Service prior
to proceeding.
Fencing should
not adversely
affect native fauna
(e.g. no electric
fencing as bottom
strand,
no barbed wire
on top strand).
Stagger weed
removal so as to
not leave large
areas of bare
ground, as weed
cover may be
providing habitat
Add coarse woody for native fauna.
debris to provide
habitat (note,
recycled timbers
are fine,
but should
be untreated).
In remnants with
few or no mature
trees with tree
hollows, provide
nesting boxes.
Monitor boxes
regularly for
invasive species.
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Mallee with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile
0.03% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus albopurpurea; Eucalyptus diversifolia ssp. Diversifolia; Eucalyptus cneorifolia; Gramineae sp.; tussock
grass.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
Retain and replant
native vegetation
to protect against
dryland salinity.
Exclude stock
from remnants to
enable natural
regeneration.
Close or fence
artificial sources
of water in
conservation
reserves as these
may attract feral
species
and trampling.
Create
windbreaks with
mallee species to
reduce the
impacts of soil
erosion.
Undertake
restoration on sites
with few mature
overstorey
species, or if there
is no evidence of
natural
regeneration.
Reduce the
occurrence of
large fires, and
use mosaic
burning
techniques.
Protect, and
where
appropriate, fence
important wildlife
habitat, including
for Malleefowl.
Ensure mosaic
burns are targeted
at different age
classes of
vegetation, to
ensure age
diversity between
and within
remnant patches.
Minimise grain
spillage if
transporting grain
through
Malleefowl
habitat.
Actively manage
weeds when
undertaking
restoration
activities to
ensure weeds do
not compete for
soil moisture with
vulnerable native
replantings.
Monitor and
manage feral
goats, foxes,
rabbits and hares,
especially near
habitat for wildlife
such as
Malleefowl.
Apply herbicides
to actively growing
weeds and avoid
spray drift.
Monitor for Redlegged earth
mites. Populations
should be
managed
with a soil active
insecticide.
Choose mallee
species that occur
on similar soils
Reduce tillage in
and slope aspect.
zones around
Match the relative
Encourage uptake remnants.
abundance of
of conservation
Avoid creating
different species
agreements and
new access tracks according to intact
covenants on
and roads through remnant patches.
private land.
remnants.
Manage wildlife
corridors between
remnant patches.
Create buffer
zones around
remnants by
revegetating
previously cleared
lands with mallee
and ground storey
species.
Discourage
broad-scale
burning for
agricultural
purposes in areas
that harbour
Malleefowl.
Avoid clearing
roadsides for
firebreaks.
Erect signs where
needed to warn
drivers that
Malleefowl may
be on the road.
Monitor and
manage native
herbivore
populations.
Control foxes and
rabbits / hares
A 1-metre radius
simultaneously to
weed free buffer
avoid foxes to
should be
switching to
maintained
predation on
around native
native species,
woody plants. Use or increased
spot control to
rabbit/hare
maintain this.
populations.
Do not leave
areas of bare
ground to avoid
wind and water
erosion of soils.
Retain some
weed cover and
stagger removal
and replacement
with native
grasses.
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Sedgelands, rushs or reeds vegetation profile
99.69% Remaining
Commonly found species within this community
Eucalyptus camaldulensis var.; Lepidosperma longitudinale; Lepidosperma concavum; Phragmites australis;
Lomandra effusa; Typha domingensis; Gahnia trifida; Austrostipa sp.; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; Juncus
sarophorus; Juncus kraussii; Cyperus gymnocaulos; Schoenoplectus validus; Gahnia filum; Aster subulatus;
sedge; other grass; forb.
Management recommendations
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
PROTECTION
SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICE
REHABILITATION FIRE
MANAGEMENT
Minimise clearing
and other
disturbances in
the wider
catchment area.
Manage grazing
regimes including
duration and
density. Leave
significant
rest periods
between grazing.
Increase
connectivity
between
remnants.
Minimise
disruptions to the
local landscape
e.g. smoothing out
depressions or
creating
banks/levees that
divert or store
water.
Encourage uptake
of conservation
agreements and
covenants on
private land, and
purchase
remnants into
reservation.
Monitor and
manage changes
to water flow and
water quality
including
sedimentation,
pollution and
changes to water
tables.
Create buffer
zones of native
vegetation around
remnants.
Avoid grazing
when soils are too
wet or soft
(trampling causes
erosion of soil
structure).
Avoid grazing
when plants are
drought stressed.
Exclude stock
from important
sites.
Avoid herbicide
and fertiliser
application.
Ensure that any
revegetation is
undertaken in an
appropriate
manner (e.g. with
no significant
detrimental
impacts on local
hydrology
or threatened
species).
WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
WEED
MANAGEMENT
Avoid adverse
impacts from
chemicals or other
mechanisms to
manage weeds.
FERAL
ANIMAL
MANAGEMENT
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
Maintain strict
hygiene protocols
to avoid spreading
Phytophthora
(dieback) by
vehicle tyres,
earthmoving
machinery
and boots.
Manage public
access to control
the spread of
dieback.