Name:
Date: 2/6/16 Period:
Biology B – Test 2
Study Guide
Unit Objectives




Identify the major experiments and scientists involved in the discovery of DNA as the genetic
material.
Explain the structure of DNA, RNA and proteins.
Define the Central Dogma of Genetics and explain its significance.
Explain the significance of genetic technologies, including genetic engineering.
2.1: Introduction to Molecular Genetics
Definitions







Factors
Genes
Alleles
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Calvin Bridges
Concepts

Explain the connection between Mendel’s discoveries and the experiments that lead to the
discovery of DNA as the genetic material.
2.2 Structure of DNA
Definitions







Nucleotide
DNA
Hydrogen Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Base-pair Rules
The Genetic Code
The Central Dogma of Genetics
Concepts

Explain the structure of DNA, including the shape of the molecule, the subunits that comprise it,
and the types of bonds that hold the different pieces together.
Name:
Date: 2/6/16 Period:
2.3: The Road to DNA
Definitions





Watson and Crick
Avery
Griffith
Hershey and Chase
Chargaff
Concepts

Name and explain the contributions of the eight scientists or teams of scientists involved in the
discovery of the identity and structure of the genetic material.
2.4: The Central Dogma
Definitions





The Central Dogma of Genetics
Replication
Transcription
mRNA
Translation
Concepts



What are the physical components of DNA, RNA and proteins that encode genetic information?
Describe the process of replication.
Describe the process of transcription.
2.5: The Genetic Code and Translation
Definitions







Amino Acid
Protein
The Genetic Code
Codon
Anticodon
tRNA
Ribosome
Concepts


Describe the chemical components of a protein.
Explain how proteins are ultimately produced from DNA.
Name:



Date: 2/6/16 Period:
Explain how amino acid sequence is related to protein function.
Describe the process of translation.
Explain how three-letter sequences of RNA code for amino acids. You must be able to use an
amino acid chart to determine the amino acid sequence that would result from a given
sequence of DNA.
2.6: Gene Expression and Mutation
Definitions






Gene Expression
Mutation
Operon
Transcription Factor
Gene Regulation
Hox Genes
Concepts



Explain how gene expression is regulated in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Explain how the lac operon works.
Differentiate between the types of mutation.
2.7: DNA Technology
Definitions



Genetic Engineering
Human Genome Project
Clone
Concepts


Describe some ways that genetic engineering can be used.
Explain the significance of the Human Genome Project.