Bonding Basics: Covalent and Ionic Bonds
Part I: Define the following terms, answer the questions, and complete the chart
below:
Ionic Bond:
Formed when one or more electrons are _____________________ from one
atom to another
Covalent Bond:
Formed when one or more electrons are ____________________________
between atoms
Ion:
These ________________________ and ________________________ charged
atoms are known as ions
Compounds:
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more
______________________
Molecules:
The ______________________ unit of most compounds
How many electrons can he held in the 1st shell? ______________
How many electrons can be held in the 2nd shell?_______________
How many electrons can be held in the 3rd shell?______________
When an electron is lost, an elements charge becomes more
____________________________
When an electron is gained, an elements charge becomes more
__________________________
Complete the chart for each element using a periodic table of elements:
Element
Chemical Is this element
Symbol
one of the 6 most
common?
# of
protons
# of
Electrons
# of Valence
(outer shell)
Electrons
# of electrons
that are needed
(lost (-) or gained
(+) to obtain full
outer shell
Calcium
Chlorine
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Sodium
Carbon
Part II: Constructing Ionic Bonds:
In the space provided:
a) Write the chemical symbols for each element in the problem
b) Use the Skittles to create a diagram of the valence electrons. Use a different color of
candy for each element’ electrons
c) Draw an arrow (or more than one arrow if needed) to show the transfer of electrons
and move the candy
d) Use a marker to draw in the electrons as you remove the candy (to be used in the
next problem)
Examples
1) 2 Sodium + Oxygen
2) Sodium + Chlorine
Part III Constructing Covalent Bonds
a) Write the chemical symbols for each element in the problem
b) Use the Skittles to create a diagram of the valence electrons. Use a different color of
candy for each elements’ electrons
c) Draw a circle to show the sharing of electrons (around all of the candy in each
valence shell)
d) Use a marker to draw in the electrons as you remove the candy
e) Draw the bond structure using the chemical symbols and lines (to represent bonds)
Examples
Hydrogen + Hydrogen
1) Hydrogen + Oxygen
2) Carbon + Oxygen