Unit 2 Test Review
Multiple Choice
1. Ecozones
List the 4 components that make up an ecozone.



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landform
climate
vegetation
soil
2. Rock Cycle- explain how each type of rock is formed
i.
Igneous- cooling and hardening of hot liquid rock/lava
ii.
Metamorphic-formed when rocks are exposed to extreme heat and/or pressure
iii.
Sedimentary-formed when sediments are pressed and cemented together
3. Continental Drift
i.
Name of the supercontinent formed over 200 million years ago- Pangea
ii.
List the 4 pieces of proof that Wegener had that supported his Continental Drift Theory
a)
Jigsaw Effect- continents fit together like a jig saw puzzle
b) Fossils – fossils of the same species are found on 2 separate continents
c)
Geologic Evidence-mountains of the same age and structure on both
sides of the Atlantic
d)
Ice Sheets- there is evidence of ice sheets in areas that are too hot to have ice
today
4. Layers on the Earth
i.
For each layer of earth, state the size and composition
Layer
Size
Composition
Crust
Tectonic plates
Very thin- 1% of earth
Mantle
2 regions- upper and lower
Largest- 2850km thick
Inner Core
Liquid iron and nickel
nd
2 largest- 2270km thick
Outer
Solid metal
3rd largest-1216 km thick
Core
5. Mountain Formation
i.
Match the type of mountain formation with its description
_B_ Folding
A. Happens when lava is added to the earth’s surface and then cools
_C_ Faulting
B. Happens when layers of rock are squeezed together and bend
_A_ Volcanism
C. Happens when the crust cracks where the two plates meet
6. Landform Regions
i.
Describe how each of the 7 landform regions are formed
Landform
Formation
Great Lakes- St.
-sediments from the eroded Canadian Shield built up under an ancient sea
Lawrence Lowlands
and formed new land
Canadian Shield
-Volcanic eruptions over 3 billion years ago
Interior Plains
-sediments settled at the bottom of an inland sea and when the sea
disappeared, it left a very flat and nutrient rich soil
-combination of plate movement and volcanic eruptions formed the
mountains and interior plateau
Western Cordillera
Innuitions
Arctic- Hudson Bay
Lowlands
Appalachians
-folded sedimentary rock from the ocean floor
-sedimentary rock left from erosion and glacier scraping
-plate movement- folded rock from ocean floor and mountain tops eroded
to make flattened tops
7. Moisture in Soil
i.
Describe the difference between Leaching and Calicification
-Leaching is when there is too much water in the soil and the nutrients and minerals are
pushed downward and Calcification is when there is too little moisture in the soil and water is
pulled upward toward plant roots. Calcification leave a toxic amount of minerals in the soil
8. Vegetation Regions
i.
Describe the type of vegetation found in each Vegetation region
Region
Tundra
Types of Vegetation
-shrubs, mosses, lichens, small flowers
Parkland
-long grass and clumps of trees
Grassland
-grass, sagebrush and cactus, grains, oil seeds
Boreal Forest
-coniferous trees and hearty deciduous
Mixed Forest
-
Coniferous and Deciduous trees, small shrubs
Broad Leaf Forest
-Deciduous trees
West Coast Forest
-temperate rain forest
Cordilleran
-coniferous trees on lower slopes, flowers and shrubs in Tundra
areas and higher slopes, grasses in dry valleys
Matching
Match the Climate factor to the description of how it affects climate.
_C_ Latitude
_E_ Ocean Currents
A. The higher up you go, it gets colder and drier it gets.
B. Large bodies of water make the temperature range quite small.
_F_ Wind
C. The closer to the poles you get, the colder it gets.
_A_ Elevation
D. Leeward side of mountains are cooler than the windward side.
_D_ Relief
E. Warm currents create a warmer climate.
_B_ Near Water
F. When warmer, it holds more moisture making climate more humid
Labelling
Label
Label the Typical Soil Profile. Label both the Horizon and the type of soil in that Horizon.
Horizon O- Leaf Litter and Orgainic Material
Horizon A- Top Soil
Horizon B- Sub Soil
Horizon C- Parent Material and Bedrock
Short Answer
1. Describe the difference between climate and weather.
Climate is a long term trend where weather is what happens in the atmosphere from day to
day
2. List the 4 components of soil
- Moisture, Organic and Bacterial Material, Minerals, Air
3. Describe the temperature and precipitation of climate regions
Arctic
Temperature
Summers- cool
Temperature- varies- depends on
elevation
Summers
Winters- cold
Precipitation- very litte/dry
West Coast
Temperature
Summers- cool
Winters- mild
Winters
Precipitation-varies- depends on
elelvation and side of the mountain
Boreal
Temperature- varies-depends on
latitude
Summers-warm
Winters- cold
Precipitation- very wet
Southeastern
Temperature
Summers- hot
Winters- cool
Precipitation- moderate
Mountain
Precipitation- generally low
Prairie
Temperature
Summers-hot
Winters-cold
Precipitatiom- dry
4. You will choose one of the following topics and write a paragraph to answer the question. This
question will be out of 7, so make sure your answer has sufficient amount of information to
support this .
a. Explain how the landform, climate and vegetation of an ecozone is connected to it’s
GDP.
b. Describe why it is difficult for a person to describe the climate of Canada.
c. Explain how humans can affect the soil in an area.
d. Explain the difference between the three types of precipitation- relief, convection and
cyclonic.
e. Look at the climate graph for Vancouver, using LOWERN, explain why this city has a
moderate temperature range and high precipitation