Latin I
Midterm guide
I. Pronunciation
Know that the following Latin letters differ in pronunciation from English.
v
ā
g
ē
water, wave
father, fraternity
get, got
they, bay, way
c
ae
ī
au
cat, cactus
eye, aisle
machine, beep
town
II. Grammar Define the following terms.
Term
Definition
Accusative
Action verb
Adjective
Adverb
Case
Conjugation
Conjunction
Declension
Direct object
Gender
Imperative
Indirect object
Indicative
Infinitive
Inflection
Interjection
Linking verb
Macron
Mood
Nominative
Noun
Number
Object of preposition
Person
Predicate nominative/noun,
adjective
Preposition
Pronoun
Revised 2/6/2016
1
Latin I
Midterm guide
Term
Definition
Subject
Tense
Vocative
Voice
III. Nouns
A. Cases & Grammatical functions
Nominative is used for subjects and predicate nouns & adjectives. N.B. Predicate nouns and adjectives
follow linking verbs, e.g. sum esse fui futurus “to be.”
e.g. Caecilius est argentarius _________________________________________________________
e.g. Cerberus est iratus ______________________________________________________________
[Genitive provides noun stem, shows possession]
Accusative is used for direct objects: direct objects answer the questions whom or what after the action
verb.
e.g. Grumio pavonem coquit. __________________________________________________
e.g. ambulant ad forum. __________________________________________________
Complete the table with the correct endings.
1st Declension
Singular
Plural
2nd Declension
Singular
Plural
3rd Declension
Singular
Plural
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Vocative
Identify the case of each noun in the following sentences.
puellae gladiatores in arenâ vident.
__________
__________
__________
leo pedem agricolae in silvâ ostendit.
__________
__________
__________
Revised 2/6/2016
__________
2
Latin I
Midterm guide
VI. Verbs
A. Principal parts
Most regular verbs have 4 principal parts and you should have a working knowledge of the first three.
Principal part
First principal part
Second principal part
Third principal part
Example
porto “I carry, do
carry, am carrying”
portare “to carry”
portavi “I carried, did
carry, have carried”
Use
First person singular present active
Present active infinitive:
 yields the present active stem
 used for present and imperfect tenses
active
 used for imperative active mood
 identifies the conjugation
First person singular perfect:
 yields perfect active stem
 used for perfect active tense
The second principal part has several grammatical functions. Its final three letters will determine to which
conjugation the verb belongs.
First conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in -āre.
Second conjugation verbs have infinitives which end -ēre.
Third conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in -ere.
Fourth conjugation verbs have infinitives which end in -īre.
e.g.
e.g.
e.g.
e.g.
laudāre
vidēre
dūcere
audīre
N.B. Not all verbs are placed into a specific conjugation. Those verbs which are not placed into a specific
conjugation are called irregular verbs because their principal parts and/or tense forms do not change in a
consistent and predictable manner.
e.g.
sum, esse, fui, futurus
adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus
absum, abesse, afui, afuturus
Answer the following questions about navigo, navigare, navigavi, navigatus “to sail.”
1. What is the perfect stem?
____________________
2. What is the first person singular present active?
____________________
3. What is the first person singular perfect active?
____________________
4. What is the present active infinitive?
____________________
5. What is the present stem?
____________________
6. To which conjugation does this verb belong?
____________________
Revised 2/6/2016
3
Latin I
Midterm guide
B. Conjugating verbs
Conjugate and translate the following tenses for amo, amare, amavi, amatus “love.”
Present
Imperfect
Perfect
1st singular
translation
2nd singular
translation
3rd singular
translation
1st plural
translation
2nd plural
translation
3rd plural
translation
translation
3rd plural
translation
2nd plural
translation
3rd plural
translation
X. Interrogatives/Question words
Latin questions can also be introduced by certain adverbs and pronouns.
e.g. quis _______________ ubi _______________ quid ________________ cur __________________
Revised 2/6/2016
4
Latin I
Midterm guide
Conjugate and translate the following tenses for sum, esse, fui, futurus “be.”
Present
Imperfect
Perfect
st
1 singular
translation
2nd singular
translation
3rd singular
translation
1st plural
translation
2nd plural
translation
3rd plural
translation
Identify the correct tense of the following verbs.
She kept leading. __________
We did lead. __________
I am leading. __________
You have led. __________
You lead. __________
They used to lead. __________
He does lead. __________
They led. __________
It leads. __________
ducebat __________
duco __________
duxistis __________
ducitis __________
ducit __________
ducebamus __________
ducebatis __________
ducis __________
duxit __________
Identify the imperfect tense sign for regular Latin verbs
_______________
VII. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
e.g.
intentê _______________
ferōciter _______________
graviter _______________
Revised 2/6/2016
5