Earthquake Test Study Guide
Short answer:
1.
2.
List the three types of stress that can occur in Earth’s
crust, and describe how each stress can affect rock.
Compare and contrast the different types of seismic
waves.
10. Do all earthquakes with the same magnitude also have
the same intensity? Explain why or why not.
11. During a reverse fault, what happens to the hanging
wall?
12. During a normal fault, what happens to the hanging
wall?
3.
List the two types of body waves and the two types of
surface waves.
13. Where is the earthquake’s epicenter located?
14. How do geologists determine where the epicenter of an
earthquake is located?
4.
In what order do the waves arrive at a seismograph
location? (First, second, last).
5.
Which seismic waves cause the most damage?
6.
Where do seismic waves originate? In what direction do
they travel?
15. When can aftershocks occur?
16. What is the biggest danger during earthquakes?
17. What U.S. State is most likely to have major
earthquakes?
7.
8.
What happens to the distance between P waves and S
waves as you travel farther away from the epicenter?
18. Where do most earthquakes occur on Earth (what
natural feature)?
How are fault-block mountains created?
19. The San Andreas Fault is an example of what type of
fault?
9.
Compare and contrast the three different types of
earthquake scales.
20. Draw a picture (side view) of a fault in the Earth’s
crust. Label the fault, focus, epicenter, hanging wall,
and footwall.
21. Complete the chart below.
Picture
Fault types
Type of stress
Similar to what type
of Plate Boundary
Vocabulary: Match the following terms with the correct definition.
_____1. focus
A. seismic waves that produce the most severe ground movements
_____2. epicenter
B. measurement of the effects of an EQ
_____3. seismic waves
C. structure designed to reduce or withstand EQ damage
_____4. P-waves
D. smaller EQ the occurs after the main EQ in the same area
_____5. S-waves
E. device used to measure the ground movements caused by an EQ
_____6. surface waves
F. any change in the volume or shape of rock
_____7. seismograph
G. violent shaking caused by moving rock
_____8. magnitude
H. seismic waves that move up and down and side to side
_____9.intensity
I. scale that measures the magnitude of ALL EQs
_____10. Mercalli Scale
J. huge wave caused by underwater EQ
_____11. Richter scale
K. the spot where rock breaks and causes an earthquake
_____12. Moment Magnitude Scale
L. when vibrations turn soil into mud
_____13. liquefaction
M. cracks in the Earth’s crust where rock moves past other rock
_____14. aftershock
N. scale that measures the magnitude of small and nearby EQs
_____15. tsunami
O. measurement of the energy released during an EQ
_____16. base-isolated building
P. seismic waves that compress and expand like an accordian
_____17. stress
Q. the point on Earth’s surface where seismic waves reach first
_____18. deformation
R. vibrations that carry energy released during an earthquake
_____19. earthquake
S. scale that measures intensity
_____20. fault
T. the forces that can change rock