Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
Biology Final Review Packet
Chapter 9: Energy in the Cell
Vocabulary:
ATP
Chlorophyll
Cellular respiration
ADP
chloroplast
anaerobic
photolysis
photosynthesis
aerobic
1. Give the equation for photosynthesis
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Please complete the table below:
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Occurs in which organelle?
Plants or animals?
Gas taken in?
Gas released?
Light required?
Food created or broken down?
3. Why is it necessary for organisms to store their energy?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Explain process below:
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
5. Use graph below to answer the following questions:
a. Which colors of light are absorbed the most in the process of photosynthesis?
______________________________________________________________________________
b. Which colors are used the least?_______________________________________________________
c. What happens to the colors that are not absorbed?_________________________________________
d. What happens to the wavelengths of light that are absorbed? _______________________________
Chapter 10: Mendel and Meiosis
Vocabulary:
Heredity
Gametes
Law of segregation
Homozygous
Recessive
Crossing over
Homologous chromosome
Punnett square
Haploid
trait
phenotype
meiosis
heterozygous
dominant
fertilization
mutagen
Karyotype
autosome
alleles
genotype
zygote
hybrid
Mendel
mitosis
mutation
diploid
sex chromosome
6. If a cell with 26 chromosomes goes through mitosis, how many chromosomes will be
in the daughter cells? ________ How many daughter cells will there be?______
7. If a cell with 26 chromosomes goes through meiosis, how many chromosomes will be
in the resulting cells? ____________ how many cells will result? _________
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
8. Define Mendel’s law of segregation:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9. A female’s gamete is referred to as a(n) ________________ and a male gamete is referred to as
a(n)____________. These are both a type of sex cell.
10. An organism’s haploid number is 14, what is its diploid number? _______________
11. If two heterozygous long haired dogs are crossed, what would be the genotype and phenotype of the
offspring? (use H’s for letters to show cross)
12. Using the Pedigree below answer questions a- e
a. What typed of inheritance pattern does it show? _______________________
b. What is the genotype of a male, whose box is shaded? __________________
c. What is the genotype of the females with a half shaded in circle? ____________________
d. What would be the genotype of the first female in the second row? ______________
e. The female in the first row is classified as a ___________________
13. A woman that is not color blind marries and has a male offspring, with a man that is colored blind. Is it
possible for the son to be color blind? Explain and show Punnett square.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
14. Cross a person with type “AB” blood with type “BO”. What are the possible offspring? Show punnet
square
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
15. Can a man with type “B” blood and a woman with type “B” blood have a baby with type O blood? Create a
punnett square and explain.
16. Can blood typing alone determine paternity of a child? Explain using punnet squares to support your
statements.
Chapter 11: Genetic Material
Vocabulary:
Nitrogen base
Double helix
DNA replication
Messenger RNA
Mutagen
Transfer RNA
Transcription
Codon
Translation
Human Genome
Mutation
Point mutation
Frameshift mutation
Chromosomal mutation
17. What does DNA stand for?_____________________________________________
18. What is the sugar found in DNA? _____________________________________________
19. Where is DNA found in the cell? _____________________________________________
20. What is the function of DNA?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
21. What are the nitrogen bases in DNA? How do they pair?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
22. Which two components make up the backbone of a DNA
structure?______________________________________________________________________________
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
23. Please use the model to the right to label.
a. Label each phosphate with a P.
b. Label each sugar with an S.
c. Circle one nucleotide.
d. Write the complimentary base pair by using
the letters, A, G,T or C.
24. Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA?___________________________________
25. What is the structure of DNA called??___________________________________________
26. Arrange the following in order from smallest to largest in size: Chromosome, nucleus, cell DNA,
Nucleotide:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
27. Explain the process of DNA replication.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
28. What does RNA Stand for?_____________________________________________
29. What is the sugar found in RNA?________________________________________
30. What are the nitrogen bases found in RNA? How do they pair?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
31. What are the types of RNA and what are their functions?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
32. Complete the following chart:
Structure
DNA
RNA
Strand(s) of nucleotides
Sugar
Nitrogen bases
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
33. Explain the differences between RNA and DNA.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
34. Summarize the process of transcription. Where does this happen in the cell?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
35. Summarize the process of translation. Where does this happen in the cell?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
36. For each of the following sequences, fill in either the DNA, the mRNA sequence, the rRNA anticodons, or
the amino acid sequences that have been left blank. *Use page 298 to complete the sequence of amino
acids.
DNA
_____________________________________________________________
mRNA A U G
A C U
AA
U G G
G G G
U A U
U A C
U U U
______________________________________________________
DNA T A C
mRNA
AA
A G C
___
C G C
T C C
G C C
G T C
G A C
A A T
___
A C C
_____________________________________________________ ___________
__________________________________________________________________________
_
___
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
37. Label the figure to the right. Use these choices: Transfer RNA (tRNA), amino acid chain, codon, anticodon,
messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosome
38. What process is illustrated in the figure
to the
right?__________________________
Chapter 15: Evolution
Artificial selection
Natural selection
Mimicry
Gene pool
Camouflage
Homologous structure
Analogous structure
Vestigial structure
Polyploid
Embryo
39. Who was the founder of modern evolution theory?_______________________________
40. Explain how natural selection can change a population of organisms.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
41. Circle one homologous structure found in each of the following diagrams.
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
Chapter 18: Pathogens and Disease
Virus
Host cell
Bacteriophage
Pathogen
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Binary Fission
Endospore
Toxin
Nitrogen fixation
42. Explain three ways bacteria are used to aid humans.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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43. What do pathogens produce to injury host cells?_________________________________
44. How can bacteria and viruses be transmitted between humans?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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45. What is the function of an antibiotic?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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46. Explain the negative consequence of over using antibiotics.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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47. Explain why humans can carry a virus but not show symptoms.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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48. What is the function of an interferon in a body cell?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
49. How does a fever aid in curing disease in humans?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
50. What type of cell does HIV/AIDS effect?______________________________________
51. Why are people with HIV or AID susceptible to all kinds of infectious diseases?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 35: Human Body
Organ
Function
Appendix
Gall bladder
Large intestine
Liver
Mouth
Pancreas
Rectum
Salivary glands
Small intestine
Stomach
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Name:______________________________________________________________ Date:_________________
52. Label the following diagram using the terms found in the chart above.
A.______________________________
B.______________________________
C.______________________________
D.______________________________
E.______________________________
F.______________________________
G.______________________________
H._______________________________
I.________________________________
J.________________________________
K. _______________________________
53. Label the diagram below using the dissection lab completed in class.
A.______________________________
B.______________________________
C.______________________________
D.______________________________
E.______________________________
F.______________________________
G.______________________________
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