DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis Test Review
Part 1: Matching: Match the term in the first column with its corresponding description in the
second column.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nucleotide C
Double Helix D
Deoxyribose E
Codon A
Anticodon B
A. group of three sequential bases of
mRNA
b. group of three sequential bases of
tRNA
c. repeating subunits/building blocks
of DNA and RNA
d. spiral shape of DNA
e. sugar found in DNA
Part 2: Multiple Choice: Choose the most correct answer.
6. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a. Each with two new strands
b. One with two new strands and the other with two original strands
c. Each with one new and one original strand.
d. Each with two original strands
7. Unlike DNA, RNA contains…
a. Adenine
b. Uracil
c. Guanine
d. Thymine
8. Nitrogen bases are held together by weak bonds called…
a. Hydrogen bonds
b. Covalent bonds
c. Ionic bonds
d. Peptide bonds
9. A DNA molecule is unzipped/split in two by what type of enzyme?
a. Polymerase
b. Enzymease
c. Helicase
d. Aspartic acid
10. The sugar found in RNA is...
a. Sucrose
b. Deoxyribose
c. Fructose
d. Ribose
11. Where in the cell is the site of transcription?
a. Cytoplasm
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleus
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum
12. Where in the cell is the site of translation?
a. Vacuole
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleus
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum
13. This type of bond holds an amino acid/protein together.
a. Hydrogen
b. Covalent
c. Peptide
d. Ionic
14. Concerning complimentary base pairing, Uracil is match with…
a. Thymine
b. Adenine
c. Cytosine
d. Guanine
15. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a. 3
b. 6
c. 9
d. 12
16. Transporting amino acids to ribosomes for assembly into needed proteins is the function of…
a. DNA
b. tRNA
c. mRNA
d. rRNA
17. Which of the following is not a type of RNA?
a. Ribosomal RNA
b. Messenger RNA
c. Transfer RNA
d. Protein RNA
18. Which of the following most accurately describes the structure of a nucleotide?
a. Protein, phosphate group, nitrogen base
b. Amino acid, sugar, nitrogen base
c. Phosphate group, sugar, carbohydrate
d. Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
19. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as…
a. Replication
b. Translation
c. Transcription
d. Transformation
20. The process by which polypeptide/proteins are assembled using the mRNA code is….
a. Replication
b. Translation
c. Transcription
d. Transformation
21. The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA is...
a. Replication
b. Translation
c. Transcription
d. Transformation
Part 3: Short Answers:
Use the charts below to help you with questions 23. They will both give you the same answer.
First, take the following DNA strand and write the corresponding mRNA strand on the line.
TAC/ GCA/TTA/CGT/GCA/ACT
22. _______AUG/CGU/AAU/GCA/GCU/UGA________________________________________________
_
Next, write amino acid sequence that corresponds with your answer to 22.
23. ______MET/ARG/ASN/ALA/ALA/STOP_________________________________________________
_
Finally, write the tRNA that corresponds to your answer in 23.
24. __________UAC/GCA/UUA/CGU/CGA/ACU_____________________________________________
_
25. Compare and contract DNA and RNA by filling in the chart below.
DNA
RNA
Sugar
deoxyribose
ribose
Bases (4 each)
ACGT
ACGU
2
1
# of strands
Location in the cell
nucleus
Nucleus and ribosome
26. Compare and contrast the three different types of RNA
Name
Function
mRNA
messenger
To take the code
from DNS to the
ribosomes
tRNA
transfer
To bring amino
acids to the
ribosomes, match
up the anti-codeon
with the mRNA
codon
rRNA
Ribosomal
Make up
ribosomes
27. Briefly explain what happens in transcription and where it occurs.
Transcription occurs in the nucleus. The code from DNA is transferred via complementary base pairs to
mRNA.
28. Briefly explain what happens in translation and where it occurs.
Translation occurs at the ribosomes when the tRNA anti-codon connects to the mRNA codon. On the
other end of the tRNA is an amino acids. The amino acids eventually connect to form a polypeptide chain
which later becomes a protein.
29. Explain why a change in the DNA sequence may or may not causes a different protein (mutation) to be
created.
It the change in the DNA causes a change in the amino acid which is coded for then there can be a change
in a protein which can cause a problem. If the new codon codes for the same amino acid then there will
not be a problem.
30. If the 1st C was deleted in the DNA Sequence: TAC ATG CCG GCA, what would happen? (Hint:
transcribe the DNA into mRNA)
AUG/UAC/GGC/CGU: original
AUU/ACG/GCC/GU: With deletion
Different amino acid sequence would result
31. Explain the 3 aspects of processing that need to occur before mRNA can leave the nucleus.
Poly A tail a the 3’ end
5’ cap
introns taken out and exons “glued” together