IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENI
GEOLOGIYA I RAZVEDKA
(PROCEEDINGS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION)
№4/2015
Main editor’s column
Lisov V.I. Organizational rearrangement of geological education in Ministry of
Education of Russia ……………………………………………………………………5
Geology
Sadovnikov G.N.
A structure of the ecozone
Quadrocladus pachyphyllus ...
Prilukiella tomiensis of Vyatka stage of Upper Permian ……………………………8
An ecozone Quadrocladus pachyphyllus ... Prilukiella (?) tomiensis has been
described in the lower part of the Middle Siberia trap volcanics. It differs very much
from the underlying coal-bearing deposits with so called “furrowed” Cordaites and
significantly differs from the overlying rocks. On the Russian platform it corresponds
to the topmost (Chernigov) floristic complex of the Upper Permian Tatarian series. It
is not identified reliably in the unsatisfactory chosen standard section of the nonmarine GSSP of Triassic. The units of mountain, plain and seaside sedimentation
levels are distinguished as coenozones – separate, independent spatial parts of the
ecozone. The woody layer is prevailed with: Quadrocladus pachyphyllus, Elatocladus
linearis (mountain), Voltzia (?) avamica, Elatocladus linearis, Quadrocladus
pachyphyllus (plain), Pseudovoltzia, Quadrocladus borealis, Q. dvinensis, Geinitzia
subangarica (seaside). The grassy level of damp slopes is formed by: Acrostichides
linnaeaefolius, Cladophlebis lobifera, Madygenia borealis (mountain), Acrostichides
linnaeaefolius, А. tunguskanus, Cladophlebis kaoiana, Madygenia borealis, Pursongia
beloussovae, Lepidopteris arctica (plain), Schvedopteris lobata, Madygenia, borealis,
Phylladoderma aequalis, Р. annulata, Р. rastorguevii, Fefilopteris pilosa (seaside).
Dominants of grassy cover of lowlands are Arthropitys prynadae (plain), Pursongia
beloussovae, Tatarina (seaside), Paracalamites triassicum.
K e y w o r d s : volcanic plateau, trap rocks, Vyatka stage, non-marine Permian,
Siberia, ecozone, ecostratigraphic method.
Mineralogy, petrography, lithology
Golynskaya F.A., Smirnova O.C., Nikonov R. A. The application of multivariate
classification method by reference points to determine the degree of spontaneous
combustion of coal on the example of the Raspadskaya mine in Kuzbass ………….15
The objective of the research was to use the data about coal seam, obtained at the
stage of exploration, to predict spontaneous combustion of coal. As a result of
studying the geological structure of coal seams, physical-chemical research and
analysis of statistical data on the spontaneous combustion of coals, geological factors
of spontaneous combustion of coal and the boundary values of their parameters
varying degrees of danger of spontaneous combustion for a number of basins and
deposits were established. The basis of the authors' methodology is based on ranking
the data model and on the idea to classify this data by «proximity» to the reference
groups of observations. The transition from the original data of the coal seam to rank
scale was carried out using standards (boundary values) of levels of danger of
spontaneous combustion of coal. The obtained data were used to construct maps of
the prediction of spontaneous combustion of coal fields in «Raspadskaya» mine in
Kuzbass.
K e y w o r d s : spontaneous combustion of coal; geological factors; rank model;
reference groups; standards; reference point of the hub; the degree of danger of
spontaneous combustion; map prediction of spontaneous combustion of coal.
Useful minerals, methods of their prospecting and exploration
Perestoronin A.E., Stepanov V.A. Albyn gold ore deposit in Priamur province …….22
The description of the geological structure and composition of Albyn gold ore deposit
of Harginskyi ore and placer gold node of Amur province is shown. The ore bodies are
shown to be located among the Late Paleozoic weakly metamorphosed formations, to
have the shape of tabular deposits and to be consisted mainly of quartz-sericite-albite
metasomatic rocks (albitites). The ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite and native
gold. Number of sulphides in the ores is less than 2%. Gold is occurred to be both
small and dispersed and small and large, its fineness is 880-895 ‰. The deposit is
classified as low-sulfide gold-quartz formations. Spotted paragenetic relation of gold
mineralization with dikes and small intrusions of Early Cretaceous age is revealed. The
oxidation zone is manifested very weakly. Ore can be processed easily by direct
cyanidation.
K e y w o r d s : gold deposit; albitites; gold-quartz formation; oxidation zone.
Malykh M.Yu. A mineral composition of gold-bearing quartz-sericite metasomatites of
Ozernoe and Kutyn deposits (Khabarovsk krai) of low-sulphide gold-quartz type ….30
Today we have a huge problem with prospecting new gold-ore deposits and its
estimation on deep horizons, especially in the closed territory. Often we used
“analogy” method to make a decision. On that method, we find well known deposit
with same type of metallizing process and estimate mineralization of new deposits.
Author considered the types of ore-control metasomatite, ore material composition, on
the difference deposits of the Khabarovsk Krai: Kutyn and Ozernoe. Irrespective of
differences on the deposit geology and geological structure, we can see some common
characteristics of ore hosting metasomitite and material composition of gold ores.
Basing on those facts we confirm, that Rutin and Ozernoe ore deposits appertain to the
same low-sulphide ore formation.
Key
w o r d s : gold, ore-control structures, ore hosting metasomatite, material
composition of gold ores
Hydrogeology and engineering geology
Gusev Y. V., Shestakova М.А.
Calculation of the equilibrium composition of
groundwater when it`s mixed by method of minimization of Gibbs free energy …….35
The quality of groundwater for utility and drinking water supply is not always in
compliance with the regulatory requirements. Moscow region is characterized by
increased concentrations of such components as iron, fluorine, strontium, and others in
groundwater. In this regard, usually a special water treatment is used before starting
the water delivery process. One of the methods of the correction of chemical
composition is the combination of different groundwater from various aquifer systems
(which are different with their compositions) in a certain proportions. The article deals
with the method of equilibrium thermodynamic modeling for the purpose of
researching chemical compositions of groundwater during the process of combination.
According to the results of calculations, we obtained the rate of combination of two
groundwater aquifers with the resultant composition of combination, which complies
with the regulatory requirements.
K e y w o r d s : combination of groundwater; equilibrium thermodynamic modeling;
aquifer system, groundwater quality; Moscow region.
Bugaev E.G., Gouseltsev A.S., Malofeev A.A., Silaeva L.F., Fikhieva L.M., Gorobtsov
D.N. Some results of analysis of hydrological monitoring observations data in the
project area and in the sites of Russian NPPs ………………………………………39
The data on justification of safety of NPP’ placing in Russia in different climatic
conditions is analyzed in the first time by results of hydrological monitoring
observations. This analysis is based on the joint consideration of comments and
recommendations of expert summaries. The necessity of improvement of hydrological
monitoring observations system, more thorough use of their results in the data of
justification of NPPs safety and during the design of critical values of control
parameters is shown. On the basis of the latter, the prompt recommendations on
realization of organizational and technical measures of safety provision under
catastrophic hydrological events, including floods and freshets.
Key
w o r d s : hydrological conditions, hydrological monitoring, network of
stations, field research, regime observations, hydrological parameters.
Geophysical methods of prospecting and exploration
Popov E.Yu.
Contactless measurements of thermal conductivity and thermal
diffusivity of full-size core without samples optical characteristics alignment ……..45
A new approach to the rock thermal property measurements with optical scanning
method is presented in the article. The approach provides the numerous high precision
non-destructive measurements on full size core samples and core plugs without special
aligning optical coating on surface of the rock samples. Recently the coating was the
obligatory requirement of the sample preparation and made this procedure
sophisticated. The previous procedure could result in intractable alterations of the rock
properties also. It is shown that the thermal diffusivity measurement quality does not
suffer without special optical coating. The technique of rock thermal conductivity
measurements is described which takes into account the various optical parameters of
the investigated rock samples. The technique was realized for continuous profiling the
rock thermal properties on full size cores without the special optical coating.
Key
w o r d s : rock thermal properties; optical scanning method; thermal
conductivity; thermal diffusivity; numerous measurements on cores; special optical
coating; optical characteristics of samples.
Mineral and Geological Exploration Economics
Zaernyuk V.M. Assessment of the creditworthiness of mineral complex enterprises issuers of the stock market ………………………………………………………….53
A low awareness of the events, influencing on the stocks prices, is an important factor
of the decline of the inner investors’ credibility to the investments in risky assets. The
article examines the methodological features of the credit assessment of mineral
complex enterprises, which are the issuers of the securities market. An approach to
assessing the creditworthiness of corporate issuers is given, which includes theoretical
and methodological basis and methodology for assessing credit rating, being an
integrated credit risk characteristic, reflecting the likelihood of untimely or
incomplete fulfillment by the issuer of its obligations. Boundaries of the intervals of
possible values of analyzed factors of quantitative analysis and distribution of the
coefficients for the intervals of possible values for assessing the financial condition of
the issuer are designed.
K e y w o r d s : mineral-raw complex, stock market, issuers, creditworthiness,
credit rating.
Legal Issues in Mineral Resources Exploitation
Lun’kin A.N. Features of legal regulation of subsoil use in the countries with state
ownership on mineral resources ……………………………………………………60
The two main approaches to legal regulation of subsoil use are characterized. The
specifics of solution of this problem in European countries, firstly, in Norway, in Gulf
countries, Asian countries, Latin America countries is considered. The importance of
the state ownership of mineral resources for the country budget to solve different
crucial social-economical problems is shown. Among them there are problems of
import substitution, raising the standard and quality of living, limitation of foreign
capital expansion for the provision of country national safety.
K e y w o r d s : mineral resources, subsoil use, hydrocarbons, state ownership on
mineral resources, public ownership on subsoil, state regulation of subsoil use, license
of subsoil use, transparency, agreements of production division.
Geoecology
Klimova T.I., Sevtinova E.B., Chertkov L.G., Palagushin A.D., Udalaya M.V. To the
question of improving the system object monitoring of subsurface conditions at the
enterprises of the state corporation "Rosatom" …………………………………..65
A specialized system-based monitoring of the subsoil (AMSN) is being created for
the first time in the state corporation "Rosatom". The main task is a development of a
unified methodical approach. The results of a survey of the system object monitoring
of the subsoil at the enterprises of the state Corporation "Rosatom" (51) have been
summarized. The most frequently occurring methodological errors in the formation of
observational networks and monitoring the condition of groundwater, which lead to
unreliable results of the monitoring, have been analyzed for the first time. Criteria has
been developed to improve the reliability of the monitoring results, and the scale of
the assessment of the existing systems of object monitoring of the subsoil was given
by the combination of the following factors: the necessary and sufficient number of
observation points; placement of observation points relative to a potential or
immediate source of pollution and general geological and hydrogeological conditions;
design and technical condition of observation points; compliance to the
hydrogeological practice methods of sampling, storage, sample preparation for
laboratory studies; compliance of the equipment base and laboratory techniques
regulatory requirements for range and accuracy of measurements; methods of
processing, stockpiling and storage of results. The design of observation wells has
been developed for various types of permeability of water-saturated enclosing rocks.
The basic requirements have been developed for the establishment and operation of
the observation network, for the method of sampling, for sample preparation, for
laboratory equipment and measurement of radiation of groundwater.
K e y w o r d s : system-based monitoring of the subsoil, structure of observation
wells, laboratory research, sampling, sample preparation, nuclear radiation hazardous
objects.
Geologic Education Issues
Lisov V.I., Kushel’ E.S. A forecast and strategic planning of staffing in geology sector:
problems and solutions ………………………………………………………………75
The paper discusses the main conceptual statements, concerning design of the system
of strategic planning of human resources development in geological sector. The ways
of scientific researches in this problem are suggested.
K e y w o r d s : geological exploration works, human resources, forecast, strategic
planning, scientific researches, vocational qualification structure of staff.
Brief reports
Litvinenko A.K., Nasreddinov Z.Z., Sorokina E.S. Margarite – rock-forming mineral
from Snezhnoe ruby deposit, Central Pamir ………………………………………80
Margarite of Snezhnoe ruby deposit has been identified and studied as rock-forming
mineral, being in paragenesis with ruby on Snezhnoe ruby deposit . It forms two
morphological types: large and small scales. Its specific feature is a high content of
Na2О (1,43 – 4,37 mass %) and Cr2О3 (до 1,27 mass %).. This finding allows
carrying out of more close genetic linkages to those deposits, where margarite was
known, such as Mogok (Myanmar), Taplejung District (Nepal), Hunza Valley
(Pakistan), Jegdalek (Afghanistan), Kootchinskoye (Urals, Russia) etc.
K e y w o r d s : Snezhnoe ruby deposit, Central Pamir, margarite, morphological
types, X-ray diffraction, chemistry, genetic linkages.
Putintseva E.V., Spiridonov E.M. Penetration twins of olivine in alkaline
melanocratic basalts from the collection of N.M. Przhevalsky ……………………82
The extremely rare penetration twins of olivine for (031) and (011) in alkaline
melanocratic basalts of East Mongolia from the collection of the famous scientisttraveller N.M. Przhevalsky, which is stored in the museum of the department of
petrography of St. Petersburg state university. The possible reasons for the appearance
of growth twins of olivine are examined.
K e y w o r d s : alkaline melanocratic basalts, magnesia olivine, interpenetration
twins, penetration twins.
Kulikov V.V. Сomparative analysis of work of centrifugal and displacement pumps
..............................................................................................................................86
While transporting the fluid by the pump with constant volumetric supply, the
reciprocal effect of pressure loss at different parts of hydraulic line is absent. While
transporting the fluid by centrifugal pump, changing of geometrical resistance
(contraction, expansion, rotation of the line) at any part of the fluid moving causes the
losses of pressure at every part and in the line in whole. Volumetric productivity of
centrifugal pump can be calculated by equating of analytic expression of hydraulic
characteristic of the pump as the equalization of quadratic regression and
equalization, describing hydraulic description of the line.
K e y w o r d s: centrifugal pump; displacement pump; characteristic of pump;
characteristic of hydraulic network; hydraulic resistance; pressure; volumetric
productivity.