Supplemental Materials
Figure 4. Cerebellar Cytoarchetectonic Atlas
1 Left I-IV
2 Right I-IV
3 Left V
4 Right V
5 Left VI
6 Vermis VI
7 Right VI
8 Left Crus I
9 Vermis Crus I
10 Right Crus I
11 Left Crus II
12 Vermis Crus II
13 Right Crus II
14 Left VIIb
15 Vermis VIIb
16 Right VIIb
17 Left VIIIa
18 Vermis VIIIa
19 Right VIIIa
20 Left VIIIb
21 Vermis VIIIb
22 Right VIIIb
23 Left IX
24 Vermis IX
25 Right IX
26 Left X
27 Vermis X
28 Right X
Figure 5. Correlations with Duration of Stimulant Treatment – Scatter Plots
The figure shows scatter plots demonstrating that the duration of stimulant treatment was
positively correlated with regional volumes in the left lobule X (R2= 0.14) (N=18).
Figure 6. Correlations with ADHD Symptom Severity – Scatter Plots
The figure shows scatter plots demonstrating that current inattention scores on the ADHD rating
scale are inversely correlated with the regional volumes in the vermis VIII a and VIII b (R2 =
0.18) and that current hyperactivity scores were inversely correlated with regional volumes in the
vermis VIII a (R2 = 0.10)(N=30).
Figure 7. Effects of Age on Regional Cerebellar Volumes
The figure shows statistical maps in different cerebellum views; the color bar indicates the color
coding for p values associated with the main effect of age, ranging from p<0.0001 in red (i.e.
increased regional volumes) and p<0.0001 in purple (i.e. decreased regional volumes). The
theory of Gaussian Random Fields (GRF) was used to correct for multiple comparisons.
Uncorrected maps (Fig 7 A) show that older youth exhibited larger regional volumes across the
cerebellum. GRF-corrected maps (Fig 7 B) demonstrate that these associations were not
significant after analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons.
Figure 8. Effects of Gender on Regional Cerebellar Volumes
The figure shows statistical maps in different cerebellum views; the color bar indicates the color
coding for p values associated with the main effect of gender, ranging from p<0.0001 in red (i.e.
increased regional volumes) and p<0,0001 in purple (i.e. decreased regional volumes). The
theory of Gaussian random field was used to correct for multiple comparisons. Uncorrected maps
(Fig 8 A) show that male participants exhibited smaller regional volumes across the cerebellum.
GRF-corrected maps (Fig 8 B) demonstrate that these associations were not significant after
analyses were corrected for multiple comparisons.
Figure 9. Comparisons between
A. Normal Controls and ADHD Participants on Stimulants;
B. Normal Controls and ADHD Participants off Stimulants
The figure shows statistical maps in different cerebellum views; the color bar indicates the color
coding for p values associated with the main effect of age, ranging from p<0.0001 in red (i.e.
increased regional volumes) and p<0,0001 in purple (i.e. decreased regional volumes). The
theory of Gaussian Random Field (GRF) was used to correct for multiple comparisons.
Uncorrected maps show that:
A - youth with ADHD who were receiving stimulants at the time of the scan exhibited
significantly larger than controls regional volumes in left lobule X (Fig 9A);
B- youth with ADHD who were not receiving stimulants at the time of the scan exhibited
significantly smaller regional volumes than controls in left lobules VI, left crus I and left crus II
(Fig 9B).
Figure 4. Cerebellar Cytoarchetectonic Atlas Coregistered to our Template Cerebellum
Figure 5. Correlations with Duration of Stimulant Treatment – Scatter Plots
Figure 6. Correlations with ADHD Symptom Severity – Scatter Plots
Figure 7 A. Effects of Age on Regional Cerebellar Volumes – Uncorrected
Figure 7 B. Effects of Age on Regional Cerebellar Volumes – Corrected
Figure 8 A. Effects of Gender on Regional Cerebellar Volumes – Uncorrected
Figure 8 B. Effects of Gender on Regional Cerebellar Volumes – Corrected
Figure 9.