7 • Periodicity
Review
20.
Which of the following correctly represents the ionization of an atom?
a) Cl(g) + e–  Cl–(g)
b) Na(g)  Na+(g) + e–
c) Na(s) – e–  Na+(g)
d) Cl2(g)  2 Cl(g)
21. Which of the following is likely to have the largest atomic radius?
a) H
b) Mn
c) Cl
d) Rb
e) Ag
22. Which one of the following isoelectronic species has the smallest radius?
a) Mg2+
d) F –
b) Na+
e) O2–
c) Ne
23. Which of the following has the greatest ionization energy?
a) K
b) Ca
c) Fe
d) Ga
e) Br
24. Which of the following has the lowest ionization energy?
a) Li
b) Na
c) K
d) Rb
e) Cs
25. The successive ionization energies for one of the period three elements is listed below. Which
element is referred to?
a) Na
b) Mg
c) Al
E1
577.4 kJ/mol
E2
1,816 kJ/mol
E3
2,744 kJ/mol
E4
11,580 kJ/mol
E5
15,030 kJ/mol
d) Si
e) P
29. Explain your answer to question 22.
Which one of the following isoelectronic species has the smallest radius?
a) Mg2+
b) Na+
c) Ne
d) F –
e) O2–
30. Explain your answer to question 25.
The successive ionization energies for one of the period three elements is listed below. Which
element is referred to?
a) Na
b) Mg
c) Al
E1
577.4 kJ/mol
E2
1,816 kJ/mol
E3
2,744 kJ/mol
E4
11,580 kJ/mol
E5
15,030 kJ/mol
d) Si
e) P
AP Chemistry
Ch. 7 practice test
Name______________________________________________
1) Hydrogen is unique among the elements because __________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
It has only one valence electron.
It is the only element that can emit an atomic spectrum.
Its electron is not at all shielded from its nucleus.
It is the lightest element.
It is the only element to exist at room temperature as a diatomic gas.
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 2, 3, 4
E) 3, 4
Answer: E Sec. 7.8
2) The __________ have the most negative electron affinities.
A) alkaline earth metals
B) alkali metals
C) halogens
D) transition metals
Answer: C Sec. 7.4
E) chalcogens
3) What is the coefficient of M when the following equation is completed and balanced if M is an alkali metal?
M (s) + H2 O (l)  ________
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 0
Answer: B Sec. 7.6
4) Oxides of the active metals combine with water to form __________.
A) metal hydroxides
B) metal hydrides
C) hydrogen gas
D) oxygen gas
Answer: A Sec. 7.6
5) Oxides of most nonmetals combine with water to form __________.
A) an acid
B) a base
C) water and a salt
D) water
E) hydrogen gas
E) water and a salt
Answer: A Sec. 7.6
6) Atomic radius generally increases as we move __________.
A) down a group and from right to left across a period
B) up a group and from left to right across a period
C) down a group and from left to right across a period
D) up a group and from right to left across a period
E) down a group; the period position has no effect
Answer: A Sec. 7.2
7) The atomic radius of main-group elements generally increases down a group because __________.
A) effective nuclear charge increases down a group
B) effective nuclear charge decreases down a group
C) effective nuclear charge zigzags down a group
D) the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals increases
E) both effective nuclear charge increases down a group and the principal quantum number of the valence orbitals
increases
Answer: D Sec. 7.2
8) Which one of the following atoms has the largest radius?
A) Sr
B) Ca
C) K
D) Rb
E) Y
Answer: D Sec. 7.2
9) Which one of the following has the smallest radius?
A) Na
B) Cl
C) Fe
D) P
E) Br
Answer: B Sec. 7.2
10) In which of the following atoms is the 3s orbital closest to the nucleus?
A) Br
B) Cl
C) At
D) I
E) The 3s orbitals are the same distance from the nucleus in all of these atoms.
Answer: C Sec. 7.2
11) Which of the following correctly lists the five atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to largest)?
A) F < K < Ge < Br < Rb
B) F < Ge < Br < K < Rb
C) F < K < Br < Ge < Rb
D) F < Br < Ge < K < Rb
E) F < Br < Ge < Rb < K
Answer: D Sec. 7.2
12) Which equation correctly represents the first ionization of phosphorus?
A) P (g) + e-  P- (g) B) P (g)  P- (g) + e- C) P (g)  P+ (g) + eD) P- (g)  P (g) + e-
E) P+ (g) + e-  P (g)
Answer: C Sec. 7.4
13) Which of the following correctly represents the second ionization of calcium?
A) Ca (g)  Ca + (g) + e- B) Ca + (g)  Ca 2+ (g) + e- C) Ca- (g) + e-  Ca 2- (g)
D) Ca + (g) + e-  Ca 2+ (g)
E) Ca + (g) + e-  Ca (g)
Answer: B Sec. 7.4
14) Which isoelectronic series is correctly arranged in order of increasing radius?
A) K + < Ca2+ < Ar < ClB) Cl- < Ar < K + < Ca 2+
C) Ca 2+ < Ar < K + < ClD) Ca 2+ < K + < Ar < Cl-
E) Ca 2+ < K + < Cl- < Ar
Answer: D Sec. 7.3
Consider the following electron configurations to answer the questions that follow:
(i)
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
(ii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(iii) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
(iv) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
(v) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
15) The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest second ionization energy is __________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii) D) (iv)
E) (v)
Answer: B Sec. 7.4
16) The electron configuration of the atom with the most negative electron affinity is __________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
Answer: E Sec. 7.5
17) The electron configuration of the atom that is expected to have a positive electron affinity is __________.
A) (i)
B) (ii)
C) (iii)
D) (iv)
E) (v)
Answer: B Sec. 7.5
18) Of the following statements, __________ is not true for oxygen.
A) The most stable allotrope of oxygen is O 2 .
B) The chemical formula of ozone is O 3 .
C) Dry air is about 79% oxygen.
D) Oxygen forms peroxide and superoxide anions.
E) Oxygen is a colorless gas at room temperature.
Answer: C Sec. 7.7
19) This element reacts with hydrogen to produce a gas with the formula HX. When dissolved in water, HX forms
an acidic solution. X is __________,
A) Na
B) H
C) C
D) Br
E) O
Answer: D Sec. 7.7