DEVELOPMENT OF PARALLEL NON-LINEAR ALGORITHMS FOR
VIBRATION CONTROL OF STRUCTURE
A project proposal submitted to
DST-NSF S&T COOPERATION PROGRAMME
FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
Jointly By
Department of Mathematical Sciences
Northern Illinois University
Illinois 60115, USA
And
Computational Structural Mechanics Group,
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC),
Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind
Pune 411 007, INDIA
August 2004
DST-NSF S&T COOPERATION PROGRAMME
FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
APPLICATION FOR JOINT RESEARCH PROPOSAL
1. Title of the Proposal : Development of parallel non-linear algorithms for vibration control of
structure
2. Duration of the Proposal : Two years
3. Expected date of commencement : February 1, 2005
3. Field of S&T Covered by the proposal :
Key words (five) for the proposal.
4. Project Investigators (PIs) & Collaborating Institutions
INDIAN
4.1 Name of the PI
Designation
USA
Mr. Mahesh S. Shah
Dr. Biswa Nath Dutta
Team Coordinator
Presidential Research
Professor
Institutional Address
C-DAC
Dept. of Mathematical
Pune University Campus
Sciences, Northern
Ganesh Khind Road
Illinois University,
Pune 411 007
De Kalb, Illinois 60115
Telephone No.
+91 (20) 2569 4000
(815) 753-6759
Fax No.
E-mail
+91 (20) 2569 4081
mahesh@cdacindia.com
dattab@math.niu.edu
4.2 Name of the Co-PI
Mr. Anil Kumbhar
Designation
Member Technical Staff
Institutional Address
same as above
Telephone No.
same as above
Fax No.
E-mail
same as above
anilk@cdacindia.com
PROJECT SUMMARY
In past two decades remarkable progress has been made in both theory and applications
of all-important areas of control theory. Theory is rich and sophisticated. Some beautiful
application of control theory is presently being made in aerospace, biomedical engineering,
industrial engineering, robotics, economics, power systems, etc. Many of the methods
described earlier were developed before the computer era and were based on approaches
that were not numerically sound. Most of there methods, for example, require reduction of
the system matrices to some condensed forms, such as a companion form or the Jordan
canonical form, and it is well known that these forms cannot, in general, be achieved in a
numerically stable way. The situation is, however changing quite fast. In the last 20 years
or so, numerically viable algorithms have been developed for many of the common linear
control problems. Softwares based on these methods have been developed and are still
being built.
The present project aims to develop parallel non-linear control algorithm. Parallel algorithm
will be developed using Message passing Interface (MPI) and Threads.
C-DAC, Pune and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Northern Illinois University are
planning to work jointly in this area, complementing the strengths of each other. The
outcome of this research work can directly be utilized by the research groups in
computational mechanics area.
KEY WORDS
Control and Stability, Finite Element Method, Parallel Algorithm, Earthquake Engineering,
Vibration Analysis
Table of Contents
Cover Page
Project Summary
Contents
Project Description
References
Biographical Sketch of Investigators
Budget Details
Justification for Budget
Proposed and Pending Projects by Investigators
Facilities available at Institute
Endorsement by Head of Institution
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL DETAILS
INTRODUCTION
Origin of the Proposal
One of the major activities of C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing,
Pune) is to provide super computational capabilities and develop software related to multidisciplinary applications of national importance. Parallel machines, such as PARAM, have
great potential for finite element (FE) modeling. The PARAM Supercomputing Facilities
(NPSF and CTSF) are based on parallel processing platforms and state of the art system
software tools for their optimized use. C-DAC has successfully parallelized many structural
engineering codes on PARAM. During this exercise C-DAC has interacted with the
organizations like IISc-Bangalore, IIT-Mumbai, VSSC-Trivandrum, ICAD-Moscow etc. In
the recent interactions with Northern Illinois University, a strong need for the development
in control and stability of structure was felt and as outcome it has been found that vibration
control of structure using control algorithm is underdeveloped and there is strong need to
work on it.
The NIU, USA is a premier institute having excellant infra-structural facilities and a group
of faculty from Department of Mathematical Sciences, are actively engaged in state of the
art computational methods and software…(pl. write more).
In order to exploit the latest information technology with the help of domain expertise, CDAC with NIU USA would like to propose a project for the Development of parallel nonlinear algorithms for vibration control of structure on cluster of SMPs
There is a need to develop algorithm for structure control on parallel machines. All over the
world many research groups are putting in a lot of effort in this direction. We believe that
an effort in this direction will prove to be a cost-effective solution for the nation.
Definition of the Problem
A very important issue in the design of multistoried structures is it's higher performance,
resistance to vibration and lighter weight structural systems. The light weight structure can
be achieved with efficient design of structure but it induces large amount of vibration due to
wind and earthquake forces. It is unsafe if its vibration is not controlled during earthquake
and also during wind load. Vibration control technology involves reducing detrimental
vibration in structures by active and passive procedures. Passive procedures include
structural optimization, applying passive damping treatments to a structure and passive
isolation techniques. Active procedures include the use of control systems to couple
sensor measurements to actuator forces via distributed or centralized processing. Active
control is used to isolate a system from outside disturbances or focus directly on the
structure to actively damp vibrations. The overall goal in the vibration control area is to
solve problems of national interest.
The aim of the project is to develop parallel algorithms for active vibration control of
structure using different control and stability methods, which ultimately reduce vibration
and consequently damage to the structure.
These algorithms will be implemented on parallel platform and made available to many
researchers and structural engineers. Further these technologies will be applicable to
vibration control of large space structure, precision machine tools to minimize the effects of
chatter during the machining process as well as developing active mounts to isolate
manufacturing equipment from plant floor disturbances etc.
Objectives
Even though vibration control of structures is an important area, literature review in this
direction reveals that not much work has been done in active control algorithm for
structures. From design point of high-rise structures, most ideal solution, which satisfies
the strength and behavioral constraints i.e. vibration of structure. So, the present project
specifically aims at
1. Develop finite element algorithm for transient dynamic analysis of structure under
earthquake vibration.
2. Develop feed back control algorithm for vibration control of structure.
3. Carry out vibration control study under different earthquake condition.
REVIEW OF STATUS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE TIME SUBJECT
International Status
Initial literature review has been done and it has been observed that the topic is very
important while solving non-linear mechanics problem from practical design point of
view, especially for aerospace applications where lightweight structures are extensively
used. Some of the important work in this direction is discussed below. David and
Nader [1] have developed a new dynamic vibration absorber referred to as an active
resonator absorber (ARA) using piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) inertial actuators. The
ARA is a passive absorber with an additional dynamic feedback compensator within
the PZT actuator. Without any controller, it becomes a passive vibration absorber due
to internal damping and elasticity properties of the piezoelectric materials. Do-Hyung
Kim et al [2] has done experimental studies on vibration control of a composite beam
with a piezoelectric actuator and an extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (EFPI) using
a neural network controller and shown the neuro-controller has good performance and
adaptiveness to the sensor's non-linearity. Also they specified that the neuro-controller
is not a fundamental solution to vibration control of structural systems, it can be a
simple practical choice for systems with sensor non-linearity. Young-Hun Lim [3] has
studied a plate structure with integrated piezoelectric patches using the finite-element
method, which is based on a combination of three-dimensional piezoelectric, flat shell
and transition elements. The model uses constant velocity and constant displacement
feedback control algorithms to actively control the dynamic response of the integrated
smart structure through closed loop control. Wei and Zhikun [4] used a model reduction
method for structural vibration control. The method directly uses a set of physical
coordinates as the states of the reduced order model to be constructed such that it will
provide the same frequency response characteristics as the original full model within
the frequency range of interests. Effectiveness of proposed method is verified
numerically. Simulation results have shown its robustness, and great potentials for
vibration control of the large-scale flexible structure.
Importance of the proposed project
Nonlinear algorithms for vibration control are of crucial importance in any numerical
simulation based on the finite element method. In particular, the accuracy and time
required for any simulation is strongly tied to the algorithm used for solution. Finer model in
finite element method gives better results but consumes more time for solution, especially
in non-linear iteration, while coarser model gives quite approximate results. And it
becomes difficult to designer to design optimum structure within time and cost constraints.
The developments in high performance computing can be effectively used in dealing with
these constraints. The direct application of the project delieverables is targeted at
earthquake engineering of multi-storied buildings and in vibration analysis of framed
aerospace structures.
Review of the relevant expertise available
Expertise within the Country
In India, many R&D laboratories and Academic Institutions are engaged in active research
in the broad area of high performance computing and computation methods. Since this has
a direct relevance to the computational domain, NAL, ISRO, HAL, DRDO are some of the
laboratories involved in research work in this field besides IITs and IISc.
C-DAC is in parallel computing for the past 16 years, and they are today one of the worlds
largest group in parallel computing. C-DAC has recently delivered PARAM Padma parallel
computer (1 TERAFLOP peak power) and necessary system software like compilers,
profilers, debuggers etc. C-DAC’s Computational Structural Mechanics group has
developed parallel applications for materials analysis, nonlinear mechanics and generalpurpose FEM software's such as FEAST and SAP. Also group has developed generalpurpose linear simultaneous solver using parallel conjugate gradient method and also
worked using third party solver in the form of library.
WORK PLAN
Methodology
FEM has become a standard procedure for the analysis of structures. In general, to obtain
reasonable accuracy, a structure has to be modeled with much finer mesh leading to a
large number of degrees of freedom. This increases the problem size as well as the
computational time and cost. Since the control system of structure involves multiple
solutions in iteration it becomes impossible to solve complex problems within reasonable
time and at an affordable cost with available serial computing resources. High performance
computers provide the necessary supercomputing power and enable the designer to test
larger problems by expediting the analysis process.
( Please write more on control )
Organisation of the work elements
(a)Technical
Finite Element Analysis
Finite element analysis code will be developed for static and transient response analysis
along with sensor and actuator mechanism. Appropriate failure criteria will be implemented
for studying the safety of the structure under wind and earthquake load condition.
Control Strategy
( Please write here )
Parallelization Strategy
In order to achieve better control for large structures large number of degrees of freedom
in the FE analyses is a prime requirement. This in turn demands a high computational time
and space. So, the strategy in the present work will be to develop a parallel finite element
algorithm along with the control algorithm. The distributed memory (MPI) and shared
memory (Threads) algorithms will be developed so as to make them portable on different
types of HPC systems.
(b)Administrative Work Elements
The overall responsibility for the project will lie with the principal investigators, who will
from time to time interact through e-mails will meet atleast once in a a year, to review and
schedule the allocation of manpower and resources for the project. A committee could be
formed which will review the progress every three months.
Two investigators from C-DAC will work throughout on development and parallelization
and optimization work. Two investigators from NIU will work throughout on the
development of the control and stability codes.
Milestones
As per the time schedule following milestones will be gradually achieved. From time to
time, scientists from different research institutes will review and test the software with their
data. The following documents will be generated.
1) Project plan document, design document.
2) Implementation and testing document. Interface design.
3) Internal/external review document. Users and reference manual.
Time Schedule
The project is broadly divided into two major phases of 12 months each. Project would be
executed in the following manner (year wise):
1st Year
 Literature survey. (C-DAC & NIU)
 Development of finite element algorithm for dynamic analysis of structure (C-DAC)
 Developing of control and feed back algorithm. (NIU)
 Development and incorporation of sensing and actuation algorithm in finite element
Algorithm. (C-DAC)
 Testing of control algorithm. (NIU)
2nd Year
 Testing of dynamic analysis and results verification.(C-DAC)
 Integration of FE algorithm and control algorithm. (C-DAC & NIU)
 Developing parallel Algorithm in parallel environment using Message passing Interface
(MPI) and Threads. (C-DAC & NIU)
 To port the software on different parallel platforms and to carry out performance
optimization. (C-DAC & NIU)
UTILISATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS
It is envisaged that some production quality transient dynamic analysis code along with
control algorithm will result from this effort, and can be directly utilized by the various
research groups from structural design and aerospace applications. The results will also
demonstrate the potential of indigenously developed software for vibration control of
structure. Further, same technology can be extended for control of large framed structure.
Development of a complete software package can then be taken up in future.

This development will be beneficial to a wide range of researchers who deal with
design and vibration control of structure.

Experience gained in this endeavor will be published and the expertise gained will be
available for applications from the related fields.
REFERENCES
[1] David W Knowles IV; Nader Jalili 'Structural vibration control using an active
resonator absorber: modeling and control implementation' Journal of Smart Materials
and Structures, October 2004, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 998-1005(8)
[2] Do-Hyung Kim, Jae-Hung Han, Dae-Hyun Kim and In Lee 'Vibration control of
structures with interferometric sensor non- linearity' journal of Smart Material and
Structure 13 92-99, 2004
[3] Young-Hun Lim 'Finite-element simulation of closed loop vibration control of a smart
plate under transient loading' Journal of Smart Material and Structure 12 272-286
2003.
[4] Wei Liu and Zhikun Hou , 'model reduction in structural vibration control and its
application' ,proceeding 16th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference ,USA, Seattle
July 16th –18th , 2003,
[5] A. P. Kumbhar, M. S. Shah and B. Dattaguru, "Three Dimensional Fracture Analysis
Using Parallel Algorithms", International conference on Advanced structural Integrity ,
Bangalore , India. July 14-17 2004
[6] Shah M.S., Shembekar P.S. and Naik N.K., 'Prediction of notched strength of
composites using finite element analysis and fracture mechanics' paper presented at
the 5 th National Convention of Aerospace Engineers held at Chandigarh, India, on
22-23 Feb. 1990.
[7] M.S. Shah and T. Kant, "Finite Element Analysis of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer
Shells Using Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theories on Parallel Distributed Memory
Machines", Int. J. of Comp. Applications in Technology. Vol 12, Nos. 2/3/4/5, 1999,
p206
[8] B. Datta and D. Sarkissian, "A Computational Method for Feedback Control in
Distributed Parameter Systems",Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Int. Conference on
Methods and Models in Robotics and Automation, pp 139-144, 2002
[9] B. Datta and D. Sarkissian,"Computational Methods for Feedback Control in
Damped Gyroscopic Second-order Systems", Proc. IEEE International Conference on
Decision and Control , Las Vegas, NV, Dec 2002.
[10] B. Datta, "Finite Element Model Updating, Eigenstructure Assignment and
Eigenvalue Embedding Techniques for Vibrating Systems", Mechanical Systems and
Signal Processing , (Invited paper), special issue on Vibration Control, vol 16, nr 1, 8396, 2001.
[11] Brij N Agrawal and Hong-Jen Chen," Algorithms for active vibration isolation on
spacecraft using a Stewart platform",Journal of Smart Material and Structures, 13 No 4
(August 2004) 873-880
[12] Amit Singh, Darryll J Pines and Amr Baz,"Active/passive reduction of vibration of
periodic one-dimensional structures using piezoelectric actuators",Journal of Smart
Material and Structures, 13 No 4 (August 2004) 698-711
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Prof. Biswa Dutta
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Mr. Mahesh S. Shah
Name and Age : Mahesh S. Shah, 38
Designation
: Team Coordinator
Scientific and Engineering Computing Group
C-DAC, Pune 411 007
Degrees Conferred:

Sl
No.
1
Degree
2
M,Tech
Struct)
B.E. (Civil)
Institute
Duration
2
1991 – Till Date
1990-91
Deaprtment
Year
Marks/CGPA
College
of Civil
1988 66.3%
Engineering,
Engineering
Pune
(Aero. IIT, Mumbai
Aerospace
1990 8.4/10

Sl
No.
1
Degrees Conferred:
Research/Teaching Experience:
Organisation
Nature of Work
Done
National
Aerospace Research
in
Laboratory, Bangalore
fracture mechanics
CDAC, Pune
Research in Comp.
Struvctural
Mechanics
and
applications
List of Publications:
1) Shah M.S., Shembekar P.S. and Naik N.K., 'Prediction of notched strength of
composites using finite element analysis and fracture mechanics' paper presented at the 5
th National Convention of Aerospace Engineers held at Chandigarh, India, on 22-23 Feb.
1990. Gold Medal Award from the Institution of Engineers, India.
2) M.S. Shah and K.S. Ramesh, 'Fracture Analysis on Parallel Supercomputers' paper
presented in Indian Transputer Users' Group (ITUG) Conference held at Pune, India in
December 1993.
3) V.L.Yakushev (ICAD, Moscow), K.S. Ramesh and M.S.Shah, 'Use of Transputer
Systems to Solve Non-linear Problems of Shell Stability' paper presented in Indian
Transputer Users' Group (ITUG) Conference, held at Pune, India in December 1993.
4) K.S.Ramesh and M.S.Shah, ‘Impelmentation of Parallel Preconditioned Conjugate
Gradient Solver for FEA on PARAM’, paper presented in International Symposium on
Scientific Computing and Mathematical Modelling , Bangalore, India, 1993
5) Tarun Kant, M.S.Shah and K.S.Ramesh, “Composite Materials Analysis on Parallel
Supercomputer”, paper presented in Indian Transputer Users' Group Conference,
Hyderabad, India, December 1994
6) V.C.V. Rao and M.S. Shah, 'An Adaptive Finite Element Method Applied to Plate
Problems' paper published in the proceedings of International Conference on Mechanics
of Solids and Materials Engineering (MSME-95) held in Singapore, 5-7 June 1995
7) Tarun Kant, M.S. Shah, 'Finite element analysis of structures of composite materials on
parallel supercomputer' paper presented at International Conference on High Performance
Computing (ICHiPC) held at New Delhi, India on Dec 27-30, 1995.
8) M.S. Shah and T. Kant, “Finite Element Analysis of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Shells
Using Higher-Order Shear Deformation Theories on Parallel Distributed Memory
Machines”, Int. J. of Comp. Applications in Technology. Vol 12, Nos. 2/3/4/5, 1999, p206
BUDGET DETAILS
Budget Details
Budget head
1st year
300000
2nd year
300000
Total
600000
5000
10000
2500
5000
15000
15000
30000
322500
322500
645000
16125
16125
32250
338625
338625
677250
International travel and the
related domestic travel
Accommodation charges for 5000
the visiting U.S. scientist (No.
of days (5) x Rs…1000….)
2500
Per diem charges for the
visiting U.S. scientist (No. of
days (5) x Rs. 500)
Contingencies (only medical
insurance, visa fees @ Rs
15,000/yr.)
Total
Institutional overhead @ 5%
Grand Total
JUSTIFICATION FOR BUDGET
JUSTIFICATION FOR TRAVEL
Personnel involved will make visits to each other’s institutes during development and
implementation and afterwards to engineering research centres for software preview. The
travel is envisaged in order to publicise the final work in national and international
conferences. The outcome of the project will further reinforce the conviction that Indian
scientific work is on par with the international standard. Discussions and presentations at
various levels will require travel.
JUSTIFICATION FOR ACCOMODATION CHARGES
Visiting US scientists will be accommodated in standard hotels or guest houses during
their visit to India. The short stay in India during the project period is required for face-toface interactions and to monitor the project objectives.
JUSTIFICATION FOR CHARGES FOR U.S. SCIENTISTS
The visiting US scientists will be given a nominal honararium (at prescribed rates by DST),
as a token of recognition of their valuable contributions in the project. This will also take
care of their small rxprnses during the stay.
INFORMATION ON ONGOING AND PENDING PROPOSALS BY
THE INVESTIGATORS.
A. INVESTIGATOR (S) :
Dr. D. Chakraborty,
Dr. A. Dutta , IIT-Guwahati, Mr.
Mahesh S. Shah, CDAC-Pune
Dr. V. Sundarajan, C-DAC-Pune
B. PROJECT TITLE : Optimization of Laminated Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites on
Parallel-Platform
C. STATUS : Please tick appropriate box

X
C.1 Ongoing
Duration :
From -------------
to -------------
Total cost :
Rs. -----------------------
C.2. Proposed
D. Name of funding agency for ongoing project
E. Summary of the Project
F. F. Highlights of the achievements under ongoing project
FACILITIES
DST-NSF S&T COOPERATION PROGRAMME
FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
LIST OF FACILITIES / EQUIPMENT / OTHER RESOURCES
List of Facilities to be extended to the Investigator(s) by the
Implementing Institutions(s) for the Project
A. Infrastructure facilities (Tick the appropriate box)
Item
Yes
No

Workshop
Water & Electricity
Standby
supply
NR*

Laboratory Space & 
Furniture
No
NR*
Transportation
Library
facilities

Computational
Facilities


Animal
House

Any other
for
Telecommunication
Yes
Administrative

&
Secretarial
support
power 
Air-conditioned
Room
Equipment
Item
/Glass

NR : Not Required.
B. Available equipment and accessories to be utilised for the project
SL.
No.
Name of Equipment and accessories
(a) Available within
Group
Investigators
(b) Available in the Investigators
Department
(c) Available elsewhere
Institution or in the Region
in
the
DST-NSF S&T COOPERATION PROGRAMME
FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
ENDORSEMENT FROM THE HEAD OF INSTITUTION
It is certified that
i) the Institution agrees to participate in this joint research project.
ii) the Institution shall provide infrastructure and necessary facilities for implementing the joint
project.
iii) the Institution agrees to undertake financial and other administrative responsibilities for
part of the project to be carried out at their institution.
iv) the back up support for manpower, consumable etc. is available to this project.
Dr. S.C. Purohit
Director