MAKERERE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
REGULATIONS AND CURRICULUM FOR
BACHELOR OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES (BBS) DEGREE
JANUARY 2011
1
1. Introduction
1.1 Preamble
Biomedical science is the application of biology-based sciences for medical use. Studies
in biomedical sciences will bring out the application of biological sciences such as
physiology, anatomy, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology , biochemistry and others
to build up knowledge, skills and competences to build on to diagnose, manage and
prevent diseases, . Other aspects covered include application in health monitoring,
product development, biomedical research and innovation, medical education in the
various health professional training institutions and regulation of medical and
pharmaceutical practice.
Medicine and healthcare have over the past decade became increasingly sophisticated,
demanding cross cutting knowledge and skills for effective delivery. The demands of the
health sector have also expanded tremendously well beyond the traditional health
professionals like the doctors, nurses, and pharmacists because of the ever increasing
specialisation. These traditional cadres because of the competing demands can no longer
address all aspects of biomedical research, and training To address this challenge, the
School of Biomedical Sciences at the college of health sciences proposes to start a threeyear bachelor of biomedical sciences program. The program is expected to produce
knowledgeable and skilled bio-medical scientists who will take part in various aspects of
biomedical science, including health professional training and medical education, health
care delivery and biomedical basic science research. In addition, while the training of
Doctors and dental surgeons takes 5 years , the first 3 years are spent mastering the
basic biomedical sciences, constituting the first block which are prerequisite ,after which
they continue to clinical medicine clerkships to qualify, This proposed program is an
innovation, such that after the first 3 years these students can graduate with bachelor of
biomedical sciences, after which they can continue on the different tracks of post
graduate education. That may include enrolment on the various biomedical science
masters programs, masters in public health,clinical epidymiology, management, and
seeking employment as teachers or tutors in the various health professional, training
institutions, or working with research institutions, industries, health sector, self
employment, and in addition, pursuing further training in medicine to become doctors,
nurses ,and dental surgeons.
1.2 Justification
Uganda is experiencing a very rapid population growth, which for a long time has not
been matched with sufficient health care delivery, up to date the doctor patient ratio is above
1:12,000, this indicator is even worse for other graduate health professionals such as nurses,
dental surgeons to mention a few, as such Uganda and the region has continued to
experience a human resource crisis in the health sector ..
The training of these health professionals requires well trained, adequate biomedical
science teachers who are very endangered since, its increasingly difficult to attract medical
doctors to these areas when there are more juicy options in other medical disciplines, this
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has made all the basic sciences graduate programmes very reddudant,attracting less than 3
students a year if lucky and yet not the top grades,
Further more, the training of Doctors in Uganda, by private institutions is almost impossible
because of what it costs to establish basic science laboratories and facilities for the training
doctors and other health professionals in the first 3 years , leave alone the scarcity of the
basic science teachers who are being shared among the few medical schools that are coming
up,
At the College of Health Sciences, we are blessed with these laboratory facilities,
experise,resources and Teachers , and can take advantage of this to train biomedical
scientists, in the core biomedical sciences and after graduation, they can be admitted to
start on the clinical years of medicine, and dentistry like is done in the western world,
even institutions with no basic science facilities, but with only teaching hospitals, can
now be able to train doctors picking from this pool of graduates. And through this track,
the country and the region can be able to train enough doctors to match the population
needs, and gradually improve the doctor patient ratio .
After graduating, Those who don’t aspire for medicine, can take on the masters track in any
of the basic science option of their choice such as microbiology,, and by so doing all the
basic science masters programs can have pool to admit from, and these will boost the
biomedical science teachers in the region, some of who will continue as researchers,
teachers
tutors and can join other health disciplines like public
health,epidymiology,bioinformatics research ethics and management in biomedical
industries. There is also an increase in number of health professional training institutions,
who could for the first time recruit these biomedical scientists.
The biomedical research sector has grown tremendous needing this cadre of expertise for
employment.
These trends demand the presences of biomedical scientists to provide the required human
resource that will accelerate the growth of these sectors. It should be noted that most of these
sectors are relying on the limited numbers Doctors for their functioning worsening the
human resources crisis in the health sector.
This program will help to alleviate this problem by providing biomedical scientists
who have the desired expertise to fill the Human resource gaps that compete for
medical doctors in health care delivery.
This program also offers an alternative track for students to obtain qualifications in
various areas of interest within biomedical and other health related sciences. This is
consistent with the current government policy on the promotion of and increasing student
intake in science subjects at all educational levels.
1.4 Program goal
To build capacity for enhancement of excellence in health care delivery, biomedical
research ,Biomedical training, and acceleration of the training of medical doctors and
dentists, and Improved medical education in all tertially health training institutions, both
public and private in Uganda and the region at large.
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1. 5 Specific program objectives
1. To produce biomedical scientists with sufficient competencies to enrol on clinical
medicine, and other health professional programs, as a postgraduate program.
2.To train biomedical science graduates with knowledge and skills to support health care
delivery in any community in Uganda and the region.
3. To equip graduates with knowledge and skills for safe and scientific biomedical
practices.
4. To produce biomedical science graduates with sufficient Knowledge skills, and
ethical conduct to work as part of a team in health care delivery.
5. To produce biomedical science graduates with the necessary entrepreneurial and
managerial skills to support biomedical industries in the country
6. To produce biomedical scientists with sufficient competencies to conduct biomedical
research
7. To produce biomedical scientists with sufficient competencies to undertake graduate
training in the same specialities to become teachers in biomedical sciences in the
various tertiary health professional training institutions in the region.
1.6 Curriculum Competencies
In order to achieve these objectives emphasis has been put not only on science subjects
but also the behavioural sciences, management, and communication, humanities and
social sciences applied to medicine. It is expected that this will emphasise to the students
that the university is a place of learning rather than teaching. Integrated learning will be
done as much as possible to emphasise the following areas in which the biomedical
science graduate should be competent:
 Modern biomedical techniques
 Medical research and diagnostic procedures
 Health promotion and prevention of disease
 Scientific research methods
 Management, administration and entrepreneurial skills
 Teaching and learning
 Community leadership
 Biomedical ethics
2.0 Curriculum characteristics
This program is made up of short courses that run for 2 to 5 weeks. The courses are
sequenced in such a way that one builds on the knowledge of the previous course.
2.1 Integration
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The medical discipline is characterized by a high level of specialization with a number of
well developed specialties. Human function however works as an integral unit. This
curriculum integrates the learning experiences both horizontally and vertically.
Horizontal integration breaks down the boundaries between disciplines like: Anatomy,
Physiology, and Biochemistry that other wise would be taught independently but
concurrently to provide a package of learning experiences of the Biomedical Sciences.
This does away with the compartmentalization and eliminates repetition of subject
content. Vertical integration ensures that all levels of the learning spiral are integrated,
thus students are exposed to Basic Sciences, Clinical experiences and community health
activities right from first year.
2.2 Problem based approach to learning
This curriculum provides a mix of tutorials, self directed learning sessions, laboratory
sessions, seminars, clinical exposure, Clinical clerkship, over view lecturers, and
community based education activities. Small group tutorials guided by real life problems
will be the predominant mode of delivery. Students in groups of 5-7 under the guidance
of a tutor will explore the problem before them and determine their learning objectives.
The learning objectives will then be used as a guide in the self-directed learning sessions.
Students will have a report back session during which a tutor will test the competences
developed out of the problem. This approach to learning is known to encourage active
student learning, critical and analytical thinking, problem solving and promotes life long
learning skills. It however requires investment into learning facilities namely; library,
computer laboratory and skills training laboratory which shall be put in place by the
launch of the program and will be progressively developed.
2.3 Community based education activities
Students will randomly distributed to rural health facilities where they will be involved in
the community health program of the facility. In the guidance of a site tutor students will
support health delivery at the facility and all activities their activities will be recorded and
presented for progressive assessment. This will help the students acquaint themselves
with the settings in which they will be practicing after qualification.
3.0 Regulations
The program shall be governed by the general regulations of the university and the
regulations of the College of health Sciences.
3.1 Admission Requirements
3.1.1 Direct Entry Scheme
For admission to the Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences (BBS) Degree programme under
the Direct Entry Scheme, a candidate must have:


Uganda Certificate of Education Examinations (or its equivalent)
Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education (or equivalent) with two advanced
level principal passes in any two of the following subjects: Biology,
Chemistry, Food and Nutrition and Physics taken at the same sitting.
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
Other relevant subjects are Agriculture; Mathematics.
All candidates for this program should obtain minimum-weighed points as shall be
determined by the Admissions Board
3.1.2 Mature Age Entry Scheme
For admissions to the BBS. Degree programme under the Mature Age Entry Scheme, a
candidate must sit and pass the Mature Age Entrance Examinations set and marked by
Makerere University. He/she must satisfy all other university requirements for the
admission to the university as laid down under the Mature Age Entry Scheme guidelines.
3.1.3 Diploma Holders Entry Scheme
For admissions into the BBSc. Programme under the Diploma Holders Entry Scheme a
candidate must have the following:

A good second class diploma or certificate in health disciplines
A’Level certificate in related subjects
Such diplomas may include;
Medical Laboratory Technologists
Radiographers
Anaesthetic Assistants/Officers
Clinical Officers
Clinical Ophthalmic officers
Physiotherapists
Environmental Health Officers
Public Health Officers
Public Health Dental Assistants
Public Health Assistants
Dispensers
Psychiatric Clinical Officers
Holders of a diploma in health education
And
Uganda Registered Nurses (with A-level certificate)
Uganda Registered Midwives (with A-level certificate)
3.2 Assessment and Examinations
At the end of each semester, students will require to sit and pass examinations in those
courses that have been offered. During the semester the student will do progressive tests
which will account for 30% of the final exam mark.
The courses will be assessed in two parts:
 Progressive assessment contributes not more than 40% of the total marks.
 End of semester examinations will consist of a written and oral examinations
contributing not more than 60% of the total marks.
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Each course shall be graded out of a maximum of one hundred (100) marks and
assigned appropriate letter grades and grade points as follows.
Marks % Point
Letter Grade
Grade Point
80 – 100
A
5
75 - 79.9
B+
4.5
70 - 74.9
B
4
65 - 69.9
B-
3.5
60 - 64.9
C+
3
55 - 59.9
C
2.5
50 - 54.9
C-
2
45 - 49.9
D+
1.5
40 - 44.9
D
1
35 - 39.0
D-
0.5
Below 35
E
0
A student who fails a course should be put on probationary progress. A student is
regarded to progress normally if the progressive assessment and end of semester
examination results adds up to CGPA of 2.0
3.3 Student Progress
Progression of a student shall be classified as Normal, Probationary or Discontinuation
3.3.1.Normal Progress
Normal progress occurs when a student has passed each of the specified courses with a
minimum grade point of 2 and has a CGPA of 2 or above.
3.3.2 Probationary Progress
A student shall be on probation:
 when she/he fails a compulsory course or
 if his/her GPA or CGPA is less than two (2.0).
When the grade Point Average of a student goes up to 2.0 or above and the
student has passed all the compulsory courses in the following semester,
the probation is removed. The probationary status serves as a warning to
students that their performance is below the level required
then
3.3.3.Discontinuation
That a student is discontinued when she/he has received three consecutive probations
based on CGPA of the same core courses.
3.3.4. Withdraw from a Program Course
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A registered student may choose to withdraw from a program/course(s) for various
reasons.
3.3.5 Retaking of a course
A failed course will be taken when it is next offered.
3.4 Certificate of due performance
A student shall be responsible for keeping a record of her/his practical experience in a log
record book, which should be duly signed by the student, practical supervisor and course
lecturer; for presentation to the Head of Department, before a certificate of due
performance can be issued. Attendance of classroom, clinical and fieldwork shall
constitute 10% of the Progressive mark. A candidate will be denied a Certificate of Due
Performance in any course, if attendance and performance in class, clinical and practical
are deemed unsatisfactory.
3.5 Degree Awards
The Award shall be called Bachelor of Biomedical Sciences. The degree shall be awarded
with classification according to the University guidelines. Performance in individual
courses shall be graded according to the approved semester system grading. The Degree
will show the students’ specialisation in any one of the following subjects: physiology,
anatomy, microbiology, pathology, haematology, molecular science, clinical chemistry
and pharmacology.
4.0 Programme Structure
4.1 Duration
This is a three-year academic programme. Every academic year shall have two 17-week
semesters and one 10-week recess term except in the third year, which will have no
recess semester. The program has compulsory core courses in the first and second years
with a choice of elective courses in the second semester of the third year.
4.2 Curriculum implementation structure
This depicts allocation of time to various curricula activities. The activities and their
symbols are shown below:

Clinical Sessions are shown as Cl.H (Clinical hours)

Laboratory sessions are shown as Lb.H (laboratory hours)

Overview lectures and seminars are shown as LH (lecture hours)

Skills laboratory activities, Practicals and Clinical Exposure are shown as PH
(practical hours)

Tutorials sessions are shown as TH (tutorial hours)

Self directed learning is shown as SH (self-study hours)
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1
Clinical /Laboratory hour
= 1 contact hour
1
Lecture hour = 1 contact hour
2
Tutorial hours = 1 contact hour
2
Practical hours
2
Self study hours = 1 contact hour
1
Credit Unit
= 1 contact hour
= 15 contact hours
5.0 Curriculum Map
Year 1
Block 1
Semester I
LH
Cl.H TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
Introduction to
3
Biomedical Sciences, health professional
education and Biomedical Ethics
5
18
12
44
45
3
FOM 1112: Cells and Tissues
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
FOM 1113: Blood & Body Fluids
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
BBS1112: Introduction to Bioinformatics
2
6
12
8
24
30
2
BBS 1111:
Total
15
Block 2
Semester II
LH
Cl.H TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
FOM 1211:Cardiovascular & Respiratory
System
5
10
30
2
70
75
5
FOM 1212: Digestion, Nutrition &
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
Metabolism
FOM 1213: Foundations of Behavioural
Sciences
Total
15
Block 3
Recess Term
LH
Cl.H TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
FOM 1311: Introduction to Community Health
I
2
12
32
36
60
4
24
9
FOM 1312:Introduction to Community Health
II
2
12
24
32
36
60
4
Total
8
Year 2
Block 1
Semester I
LH
Cl.H TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 2111:Endocrine, reproductive and
Urinary system
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
BBS 2112: Head, Neck and the
Nuerolocomotor system
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
B BS 2113: Introduction Health policy and
legislation
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
BBS 2114: Principles Health Economics
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
Totals
20
Block 2
Semester II
LH
Cl.H TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
FOM 2211:Principles of Microbiology
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
BBS 2212:General Pharmacology
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
BBS 2213: Infectious Diseases
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
& Pathology
Total
15
Block 3
Recess Term
LH
L.H
TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 2301: Laboratory management and
safety and Material
Science
5
10
20
20
20
45
3
FOM 2312: Community Diagnosis and
Communication
-
60
-
-
30
45
3
Totals
8
Year 3
Block 1
10
Semester I
LH
Lb.H TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
2
-
30
10
16
30
2
BBS 3102: Non –communicable diseases 5
10
30
20
70
75
5
BBS 3103: Reproductive health and
Child survival
5
10
30
20
70
75
5
2
12
24
32
36
60
4
BBS 3104: Medical geography
2
12
24
32
36
60
4
BBS 3105: History of medicine
2
12
24
32
36
60
4
BBS 3106: Medicine and gender
2
12
24
32
36
60
4
BBS 3101
Research Proposal writing
and Data management
Select any 2 courses including medicine
and gender
BBS 3103:
Medical anthropology
Totals
21
Option I: Pharmacology
Semester II
LH
Lb.H TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 3201: Chemotherapeutic agents and
antimicrobial resistance
8
30
24
30
30
60
4
BBS 3202: Drug development,
registration, marketing and regulatory
issues
10
30
30
30
40
75
5
BBS 3203: Toxicology, drug Abuse and
drug safety issues
3
15
20
15
30
45
3
BBS 3204: Dissertation writing
3
15
30
20
60
45
3
Total
15
11
Option II : Microbiology
Semester II
LH
Lb.H TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 3205: Applied bacteriology and
parasitology
10
30
30
30
40
75
5
BBS 3206: Applied Mycology and
Virology
6
20
18
20
20
45
3
BBS 3207. Routine diagnostic
Techniques
8
30
24
30
30
60
4
BBS 3204 Dissertation writing
3
15
30
20
60
45
3
Total
Option III: Anatomy
Semester II
15
LH
L.H
TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 3208 Embryology, Human
development and Comparative anatomy
8
30
24
30
30
60
4
BBS 3209 Microscopic anatomy and
histological techniques
10
30
30
30
40
75
5
BBS 3210 Tissue preservation and
embalming
3
15
20
15
30
45
3
BBS 3204 Dissertation writing
3
15
30
20
60
45
3
Total
15
Option IV: Heamatology
Semester II
LH
L.H
TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 3211: Blood and Heamopoetic
tissue disorders
8
30
24
30
30
60
4
BBS 3212: Diagnostic approaches in
haematology
10
30
30
30
40
75
5
BBS 3213: Transfusion and stem cell
transplantation
3
15
20
15
30
45
3
BBS 3204 Dissertation writing
3
15
30
20
60
45
3
Total
15
12
Option VII: Histopathology
Semester II
LH
L.H
TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 3214. Laboratory techniques in
histopathology
8
30
24
30
30
60
4
BBS 3216
Techniques
3
15
20
15
30
45
3
BBS 3215
Special Ancillary
Diagnostic techniques in pathology
10
30
30
30
40
75
5
BBS 3204 Dissertation writing
3
15
30
20
60
45
3
Autopsy and Mortuary
Total
15
Option V: Molecular Biology
Semester II
LH
L.H
TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 3217
Advanced concepts of
cell biology and principles of
microscopic analysis
4
15
30
20
60
75
5
BBS 3218
biology
5
15
30
20
60
75
5
BBS 3219
Advanced molecular
biology and biotechnology
2
6
12
8
24
30
2
BBS 3204 Dissertation writing
3
15
30
20
60
45
3
Principles of molecular
Total
15
Option VI: Physiology
Semester II
LH
L.H
TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 3220
Application of
Radioimmunoassay and Imaging
techniques
4
15
30
20
60
75
5
BBS 3221
Physiological Assessment 5
of brain and Nueronal functions.
15
30
20
60
75
5
13
BBS 3222: Physiological assessment of
body systems
2
6
12
8
24
30
2
BBS 3204 Dissertation writing
3
15
30
20
60
45
3
Total
15
Option IIX: Clinical Chemistry
Semester II
LH
L.H
TH
PH
SH
CH
CU
BBS 3223. Clinical chemistry
Equipments and Instrumentation
8
30
24
30
30
60
4
BBS 3224
Clinical Biochemistry
and disease processes
3
15
20
15
30
45
3
BBS 3225
Principles and
applications of laboratory techniques
10
30
30
30
40
75
5
BBS 3204 Dissertation writing
3
15
30
20
60
45
3
Total
15
6.0 COURSE OUTLINE DESCRIPTION
YEAR 1
BLOCK 1: SEMESTER 1
BBS 1111: Introduction to Biomedical Sciences, health professional education and
Biomedical Ethics
FOM 1112 : Cell, Tissues and Organ Systems
FOM 1113 : Blood and Body fluids
BBS1112: Introduction to Bioinformatics
BBS 1101 - Introduction to Biomedical Sciences, health professional education
and Biomedical Ethics
Course description
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This course introduces students to the scope of biomedical sciences, trends in health
professional education and the principles of biomedical ethics. The course comprises of
lecturers, seminars, tutorials and clinical exposure.
Course Objectives:
1. To discuss the scope of biomedical sciences
2. To discuss professionalism in medical practice
3. To discuss the health provider-patient relationship
4. To discuss the major elements in biomedical ethics
5. To discuss consumer rights and provider rights.
6. To describe concepts in health professional education
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course students will be able to explain the scope of of biomedical
sciences, the relationship between health provider and clients, principles of
biomedical ethics, rights of providers and consumers and the trends in health
professional education.
Content outline
Biomedical sciences; definition, disciplines included and role of biomedical scientist
in society
Principles of biomedical ethics; Autonomy, beneficence, non-malificiency, Justiceequity and fair distribution of both risks, benefits and inadequate health care
resources
Professionalism; Definition of a profession, Roles of a professional, Duties of a
professional, Professional relationship with colleagues and others
Doctor-patient relationship, Communication, Duties and rights
Health Professional Education; Different learning methods, Principles of Problem
based learning, sources of information; Books, Journals, Online databases, Electronic
resources, Resource persons
Computer fundamentals, Introduction to computers, Description of computer parts
Requirements:
3 weeks, 45 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Joseph Ochieng MBChB, MSc (MUK) MSc (Toronto)
Reading materials
1. The medical profession and human rights: handbook for a changing agenda /London :
Zed books, 2001
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2. Ethics and values in health care management/London; New York: Routledge, 1998
FOM 1112: CELLS AND TISSUES
5 weeks
Course description
This course introduces students to the cell as the unit function of life and the major
building block for body systems. The course consists of lectures, tutorials and practicals.
Course Objectives:
1. To describe cell structure and functions of the cell.
2. To explain microscopically the different types of cells and tissues.
3. To explain the role of cells and tissues in normal body functions, disease and
research.
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to describe the organisation of body tissues
and systems with the cell as the functional unit.
Content outline:
 Cells, cell organelles: structure and functions.
 Biological membranes: structure and functions.
 Genes and gene expression.
 Cell division.
 Cell injury, cell reaction to injury
 Surgical interventions: methods of obtaining cells for study
 Tissues: structure and function. Epithelia, skin, connective tissue, specialized
connective tissues (blood, bone and cartilage), muscle, teeth, nervous tissue,
glandular tissue (endocrine, exocrine).
 Cells, and tissues of the immune system
 Introduction to enzyme properties and functions.
Requirements:
5 weeks, 75 Contact hours
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 40%
Practical examination 20%
Course coordinator
Mr. Godfrey Masilili Bsc, MSc (MUK)
Reading materials
1.Color atlas of histology/Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , 2000
16
2. Wheater's functional histology: a text and color atlas/New York : Churchill
Livingstone , 2000
3. Harper's biochemistry/New York: McGraw-hill , 2000
4. Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations /New York: Wiley-Liss , 1997.
5. Cell structure & function : an integrated approach /Philadelphia, Saunders College,
1991
6. Handbook of cell and organ culture /Minneapolis : Burgess Pub. Co., 1964
FOM 1113
BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS
5 Weeks
Course description
This course covers the composition and function of blood and other body fluids. It also
brings out the major diagnostic and therapeutic procedures carried out on body fluids.
The course involves tutorials, lectures, seminars and practical sessions.
Course Objectives
To describe the anatomy, functional organization and characteristics of the
haemopoietic system and blood and body fluids
Explain the formation and functions of blood constituents and body fluids
To describe how haematological tests are performed and interpret the findings
To describe the blood groups and illustrate their relevance in blood transfusion
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to describe the composition and function of
blood and other body fluids.
Content outline
Embryology ; Blood, Lymphatics, Bone Marrow, Spleen and liver
Thymus and other body fluids such as pleural, Peritoneal, pericardial, CSF synovial and
Occular fluids.
Histology; Types of cells, Morphology, Histology of the lymphoid organs – Spleen,
Liver, Thymus, Lymph node, Lymphoid tissues
Physiology; Composition of blood, Functions of blood and other body fluids and their
volumes, Haemopoesis, life span, regulations and degradation, Haemostasis and blood
coagulation, Blood grouping, typing and blood transfusion, Formation, function,
regulation and degradation of body fluids, Haematological tests, Hb estimation etc
Biochemistry of blood and body fluids; Structure and functions of Haemoglobin,
Myglobin, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid, Functions of other plasma proteins
Immunoglobulins and complement, Structure and functions of the general protein, lipids
and lipo proteins, Blood gases, Extracellular and Intracellular fluid compartments,
Osmolarity and membrane transport
Requirements:
5 Weeks, 75 CH
17
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 40%
Practical examination 20%
Course coordinator
Dr. Josephine Kasolo MBChB, MSc (MUK)
Reading materials
1.Color atlas of histology/Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins , 2000
2. Wheater's functional histology: a text and color atlas/New York : Churchill
Livingstone , 2000
3. Harper's biochemistry/New York: McGraw-hill , 2000
4. Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations /New York: Wiley-Liss , 1997.
5. Cell structure & function : an integrated approach /Philadelphia, Saunders College,
1991
6. Handbook of cell and organ culture /Minneapolis : Burgess Pub. Co., 1964
BBS1112
Introduction to Bioinformatics 2 weeks
Course description
This course covers the application of modern information system to molecular biology
and biomedical science.. The course involves tutorials, lectures, seminars and practical
sessions.
Course Objectives
To describe the principles of bioinformatics.
Explain the applications of bioinfromatics.
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to apply computer based information
systems to molecular biology and other biomedical sciences.
Content outline
Bioinformatics definition and scope
Applications of bioinformatics
Introduction to molecular biology
Requirements:
2 Weeks, 30 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
18
Written summative examination 40%
Practical examination 20%
Course coordinator
Dr. Kateete BVM, MSc
Reading Materials
1. Electronic networking in Africa : advancing science and technology communication
networks in Africa /Washington : American Association for the Advancement of Science,
c1992, 1993
2. Peter Norton's introduction to computers /New York : Glencoe McGraw-Hill , 1996
3. Dictionary of information technology /New Delhi : Universal Book Stall, rep.1994
4. Management skills for the information manager /Aldershot, England : Gower, 1993
5. Language from nine to five : developing business communication skills /New Jersey :
Prentice- Hall , 1985
SEMESTER II
Sequence:
FOM 1211 – Cardio-respiratory system
FOM 1212 – Digestion, Nutrition and Metabolism
FOM 1213 – Foundations of Behavioural sciences
FOM 1211 CARDIOVASCULAR & RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 5 Weeks
Course description
This course covers the anatomy and normal functioning of the cardiovascular and
respiratory systems. The course involves tutorials, lectures, seminars and practical
sessions
Course Objectives
To describe the anatomy of the chest cavity and its contents
To explain the physiology and biochemistry of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems
Explain the defensive mechanisms of the respiratory tract
To outline the normal radiological and laboratory findings
To outline measures to be taken to maintain normal cardiovascular/respiratory function
Course outline:
Anatomy: Embryology, Histology and Gross Anatomy of the chest wall and its
contents, mediastinum, respiratory tract.
Physiology/Biochemistry of cardio-respiratory system: Mechanics of respiratory,
Ventilation and lung volume, Pulmonary blood flow,
Ventilation/perfusion relationships, Transport of gases, Control of
19
respiration and respiration in unusual environment, Immunology of the
cardio-respiratory system
Heamodynamics: Cardial cycle, Peripheral circulation and its regulation, Regulation
of arterial blood pressure
Acid Base balance, Structural barriers, Chemical barriers
Investigative procedures eg. Pulmonary function tests
Lifestyle; Diet, Habits – smoking, Over crowding, Occupation hazards (exposure to
wood dust, cement)
Health education and community mobilization
Gross Anatomy; Blood vessels and Heart, Lymphatics, Spleen/liver/thymus bone marrow
lymph node
Requirements:
5 weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 40%
Practical examination 20%
Course coordinator
Dr. Joel Okullo MBChB, MSc (MUK)
Reading materials
1. Medical embryology: human development, normal and abnormal / Jan Langman ;
illustrations by Jill Leland
2. Textbook of medical physiology, Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000
3. Clinical anatomy for medical students/Phildelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
2000
4. Gross anatomy/Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins , 1995
5. Harper's biochemistry/New York : McGraw-hill , 2000
FOM 1212
DIGESTION, NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
5 weeks
Course description
This course covers the anatomy and normal functioning of the digestive system. The
course also cover the metabolism of the different classes of foods. The course
involves tutorials, lectures, seminars and practical sessions
20
Course Objectives:
1. To describe the anatomy and function of the GIT
2. To describe the metabolism of biomolecules in the cell
3. To state the major nutrients, their sources and importance in the human body
4. To describe the functions and optional maintenance of the major nutrients
5. To describe the role of the relevant laboratory investigations
Content outline:
Embryology and histology of GIT, Gross Anatomy of the GIT, the Oral cavity, Pharynx,
Oesophagus, Stomach, Duodenum, jejunum and Ileum (small intestine), Colon, Rectum
and anal canal. Functional Anatomy of associated organs; Liver and Biliary system, Gall
bladder, Pancreas
Nutrition; Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Micronutrients, Vitamins,
Minerals/Electrolytes (Fe2+, Ca2+, Zinc, Na+, k+, Cl-, phosphates), Energy and
Nitrogen balance, Dietary standards, food and food consumption, Techniques for
assessing human nutritional status
Physiology; Gastro intestinal hormones, Chewing and swallowing,
Movements of the stomach, gastric emptying and anti peristaltic movement,
Movements of small intestine, Movement of large intestine, Defecation and passage
of flatus.
Biochemistry; Carbohydrates metabolism,
Control of glycogen metabolism. Glycogen storage disease, Lipid metabolism, Oxidation
of fatty acids, Fatty acid biosynthesis, Regulation of fatty acid synthesis and breakdown,
Diseases associated with lipid metabolism, Protein metabolism, Amino acid synthesis.
Thermodynamics - energy conservation and transformation.
Requirements:
5 weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 40%
Practical examination 20%
Course coordinator
Dr. Joel Okullo MBChB, MSc (MUK)
Reading materials
1. Medical embryology: human development, normal and abnormal / Jan Langman ;
illustrations by Jill Leland
2. Textbook of medical physiology, Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000
3. Clinical anatomy for medical students/Phildelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
2000
4. Gross anatomy/Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins , 1995
21
5. Harper's biochemistry/New York : McGraw-hill , 2000
FOM 1213
FOUNDATIONS OF BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE 5 weeks
Course description
This course covers the principles of psychology and social anthropology. The course
involves tutorials, lectures, seminars and practical sessions.
Course Objectives:
1. To describe basic concepts in psychological and sociology and how these relate to
medicine
2. To describe the behavioural determinants of health
3. To demonstrate ability for community entry and mobilization
4. To explain the importance of behavioural and social dynamics in health
5. To describe development and psychological processes
6. To explain the ability to relate theoretical concepts to clinical situations
Content outline:
 Introduction to basic concepts in medical sociology
 Social structures and dynamics in relation to health, illness and health care
systems
 Culture, health and illness
 Gender, health and illness
 Social change
 Introduction to psychology and relationship with medicine
 Human development
 Learning
 Memory
 Thinking and language development
 Intelligence
 Emotion
 Motivation
 Perception and consciousness
Requirements:
5 CU, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Okello Elialilia BSc. PhD (MUK)
22
Reading materials
1. Kaplan and Sadock's synopsis of psychology: behavioral sciences, clinical psychiatry
/Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.
2. Exploring medical anthropology /Boston : Allyn and Bacon, 1999
3. Medical behavioral science : a selected bibliography of cultural anthropology, social
psychology, and sociology in medicine /[Lexington] : Univ. of Kentucky Press, 1963.
RECESS TERM
Sequence:
FOM 1311 - Introduction to Community Health I
FOM 1312 - Introduction to Community Health II
FOM 1311
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY HEALTH I
4 weeks
Course description:
This course introduces the principles of Epidemiology, Biostatics and Demography,
which they relate to community health. The course covers definitions of concepts and
terminologies in different fields. It also comprises of four interrelated disciplines of
epidemiology, demography, biostatics and health management.
Course Objectives:
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Explain the principles and application of Epidemiology in Community Health
Management
2. Explain the principles and roles of Demography to the community health
management
3. Explain the principles and application of Biostatistics in Community Health
Management
4. Explain the process and utilization of Health Management Information Systems
Content Outline
Epidemiology:
 Definition of epidemiology
 Significance (uses and application)
 Disease causation
 Natural history of disease
 Level of prevention
 Descriptive Epidemiology
Demography
 Definition
 Sources of data
 Uses of demographic data
 Vital events and statistics
23
 Determinants, trends and consequences of population growth
Biostatistics
 Definitions
 Uses of statistics
 Types of data – Quantitative, Qualitative, Cumulous, Categorical
 Summarization of data
 Presentation of data
Health Management Information Systems
 Definition
 Types of Health Information
 Data Collection, Processing and dissemination
 Utilization of HMIS
Requirements:
4 weeks, 60 Contact hours
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Isaac Okullo BDS. PhD (MUK)
Reading materials
1. Community organisation : an introductionLondon , 1963
2. Health, society and medicine : an introduction to community medicine. Thomas
McKeown & C.R. Lowe /Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984, c1966.
FOM 1312 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY HEALTH II
4 weeks
Course description:
This course introduces students to the concepts of Primary Health Care, the health care
system and organization of the community. Activities will include over view lectures,
tutorials and activities at Primary Health Care facilities and in the community.
The aim of the course is to sensitize students to the health care needs of the community
and to acclimatize them to living in the communities within which they will work.
Course Objectives:
1. To discuss the elements and principles of PHC
2. To describe the national health policy, organization and structure of the health
care delivery systems
3. To explain the concept of community organization and resources
4. To discuss factors that affect nutrition in individuals and communities
5. To demonstrate the ability to solicit information from the community
24
6. To demonstrate the essential components of community protocol.
7. To discuss gender-related health issues in communities
Content Outline:
Primary Health Care
 History, Principles, elements, Minimum Health Package – including the oral
health package, priority health problems in Uganda, determinants of health,
essential drugs concept
 Health Education and Health promotion
 National health policy and Health sector strategic plan
 Health care delivery systems
 Planning and budgeting procurements
 Resources management – including human resources
 Description of structured organization and resources of a community – concept,
structure, dynamics, organizing community for action for health
 Health systems management – concepts of organizations and systems,
understanding leadership and management
 Decentralization of the health sector
 Structure of health care delivery systems
 Understanding leadership hierarchy
 Cultural and tradition norms
 Appropriate language (Respect and tract)
Nutrition and Health
 Nutrition
 Nutrition security
 Food security
 Factors influencing nutritional status – diet (micro & macro nutrients),
Infections/infestations, social, cultural, economic care
Gender and Health
 Gender and Health
 Gender related violence
 Sexual abuse
 Cultural related reproductive health issues
Requirements:
4 weeks, 60 Contact hours
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Isaac Okullo BDS. PhD (MUK)
Reading materials
1. Epidemiology : study design and data analysis /Boca Raton, FL : Chapman &
Hall/CRC Press, c1999.
2. Survey methods in community medicine/Churchill livingstone, 1999
3. Epidemiology in medical practice/Churchill livingstone, 1998
25
YEAR 2
SEMESTER I
Sequence:
BBS 2111:Endocrine, reproductive and Urinary system
BBS 2112: Head, Neck and the Nuerolocomotor syatem
B BS 2113: Introduction to Health policy and legislation
BBS 2114: Principles of Health Economics
BBS 2111:Endocrine, reproductive and Urinary system
Course description:
This course introduces students to the structure and functioning of the endocrine,
reproductive and urinary systems.
The course will involve lectures, tutorials, and practicals.
Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Describe the structure and function of the endocrine, reproductive and urinary
system
2. Explain the principles by which methods of detecting and estimation of hormonal
levels in the body are based and how to interpret the findings.
3. Discuss the endocrine, reproductive and urinary disorders and their public health
implications.
Content line:
Anatomy: Gross, embryology, Histology, Genetics of the endocrine, reproductive and
urinary systems
Physiology: Classification and functions of the various hormones, their sources,
transportation and targets, control of the reproductive and urinary system.
Formation and concentration of urine and the Homeokinetic functions of the kidney.
.Biochemistry: Clinical nature, Integrated Actions of hormones
Laboratory and practical sessions, Communication, control and integration of Hormonal
action on Genito-Urinary system; Renin:- Angiotension – Aldosterone mechanism,
Formation and concentration of urine and other excretions, Sexual differentiation,
physical, psychosocial, biochemical changes associated with puberty, menstrual cycle
and spermatogenic cycle, fertility, physiological infertility, contraception, pregnancy,
parturition.
26
Biochemistry of gonadotrophins and gonadal hormones. Fertilization, antigenicity of
spermatozoa, natural antisperm anti-Foetoplacental unit, maternal adaptation to
pregnancy, labour and parturition, Lactogenesis, lactation. Phases of foetal growth and
development.
Investigative Procedures: eg plain radiography, urography, micturating cystogram,
ultrasonography, hysterosalpingography; placentography, pelvic angiography, urinalysis.
Tests for kidney functional capacity, Hormonal levels and hormone stimulation tests.
Requirements:
5weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Lynette Tumwiine MBChB MMED (MUK)
Reading materials
1. Medical embryology: human development, normal and abnormal
2. Textbook of medical physiology, Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000
3. Clinical anatomy for medical students/Phildelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
2000
4. Gross anatomy/Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins , 1995
5. Harper's biochemistry/New York : McGraw-hill , 2000
BBS 2112: Head, Neck and the Nuerolocomotor system
Course description
This course covers the anatomy and physiological functioning of the organs of the head
neck , central and peripheral nervous systems. It also includes the skeletal muscles.
Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
Describe the anatomy and development of the Head and Neck organs.
Describe the structure of the central and peripheral nervous system,
Describe the structure and functioning of the skeletal muscles
Explain the physiological and Biochemical basis of functions of the higher functions of
the brain
Describe the techniques used to study the nuerolocomotor functions.
Course outline
Anatomy: Embryology, Histology, Gross anatomy of the Head and Neck region,
intracranial cavity and its contents and the CSF. The central and peripheral
nervous systems and there functions
Physiology and Biochemistry of the Head and Neck regions and functions of the Nervous
systems. Investigative Procedures of the Head and Neck of the nervous system
27
Requirements:
5weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Joseph Ocheing MBChB MSc. (MUK)
Reading materials
1. Medical embryology: human development, normal and abnormal
2. Textbook of medical physiology, Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000
3. Clinical anatomy for medical students/Phildelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
2000
4. Gross anatomy/Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins , 1995
5. Harper's biochemistry/New York : McGraw-hill , 2000
B BS 2113: Health policy and legislation
Course description
This course introduces participants to health system issues, policies and legislations that
affect health.
Course Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
Describe the health system issues that require policy intervention.
Explain the existing health related legislations.
Course outline
Health systems and policy issues; human resource, medicines and supply chain
Disease control, Infrastructure and laboratory Professional bodies and regulation; The
medical and dental practioners council, The Allied health practitioners council,
The Nurses and mid wives council, The pharmacy council.
Requirements:
5weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
BBS 2114: Health Economics
28
Course description
This course introduces participants to the principles of health economics.
Course Objectives
To describe basic economics concepts, such as supply, demand, marginal analysis,
the theory of capital, and cost-benefit analysis,
To discuss controversies surrounding the development of health insurance and the
government's role in providing, financing, and regulating health services.
Course outline



Definitions and terminology
Basic concepts and economic theories
Health financing in Uganda and Africa
Requirements:
5weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Orach Garamoi
SEMESTER II
FOM 2211 - Principles of Microbiology and pathology
BBS 2212: - General Pharmacology
BBS 2213: - Infectious Diseases
FOM 2211
PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY
Course description
This course introduces candidates to the principles of Microbiology and pathology. It also
introduces students to immunological processes. The course involves lectures, tutorials
and practicals.
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students should be able to:
29
Explain the basic concepts and principles of laboratory medicine and laboratory
management
Explain important pathological processes
Explain the principles of body response to infections and infestation
Describe the taxonomy and characteristics of bacteria
Describe the principles of disinfections and sterilization
Course outline:

Laboratory Medicine: Principles and concepts of laboratory medicine in: clinical
chemistry, toxicology; immunology; haematology; microbiology; parasitology;
organization of laboratory services in a hospital. The concepts of life and death
International code of notifiable diseases
 Inflammation: Healing and repair, Anti-inflammatory agents
 Common infectious and communicable diseases: Pathology, epidemiology;
control and prevention; effect on nutritional status; nosocomial infections:
chemotherapeutic agents
 Abnormal and Accumulations and Pigmentation: Amyloidosis, melanin and uric
acid deposition; calcification, hyalinization, jaundice
 Immune Mediated Disorders: Classfication and immunological features of:
allergic and hypersentivity reactions, autoimmune diseases; immunodeficiency
disorders. Graft rejection mechanisms in clinical transplantation
 Alteration in Growth Control: responses of cells to toxic and radiation injuries.
Alterations in growth control. Neoplasms. Anti-neoplastic agents
 Genetic Disorders: Metabolic, psychiatric and blood disorders of genetic origin.
Chromosomal abnormalities. Genetic causes of wastages and neotal mortality.
Ethical issues in genetic counseling. Genetherapy. Epidemiologyt of genetic
disorders
 Investigative Procedures: Histopathological, haematological, Microbiological,
biochemical, Immunological, forensic procedures and imaging techniques.
Autopsy pathology
Principles of Microbiology: Parasitology, virology, bacteriology and mycology,
principles of diagnosis, (Infection control, sterilization, disinfection) use of antimicrobial agents, resistance, synergism and sensitivity tests, personal hygiene
practices and handling of equipment, cross infection control
Immunology: antibody dependent and independent effectors mechanisms, Immune
evasion mechanisms and vaccines, immuno-diagnostic tests
Requirements:
5weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Sylivester Onzivua MBChB MMED. (MUK)
30
Reading materials
1. Review of medical microbiology Ernest and Edward A. AdelbergAltos , Calif. : Lange
Medical Publications
2. Basic and clinical immunology /New York : Churchill Livingstone, c1997.
3. Medical microbiology & immunology : examination & board review/New York :
Lange Medical Books , c2002
BBS 2212: - General Pharmacology
Course description
This course introduces candidates to pharmacology as a discipline. The course involves
lectures, tutorials and practicals.
Course Objectives
At the end of the course, students should be able to:
Explain the basic concepts of pharmacology.
Explain the relationship between pharmacology and other disciplines
Explain effects of drugs on body tissues
Describe adverse effects associated with drug use.
Course outline:












Definition of pharmacological terminologies
Relationship between Pharmacology and other disciplines
The process of Drug discovery and development; Drug safety and its
determination
Routes of drug administration
Classification of drugs and other medicines including Herbal/Alternative
Medicine
Factors affecting treatment outcomes including enzyme induction,
Pharmacodynamics; drug-receptor interactions, the dose-response curve
Pharmacokinetics; absorption, metabolism, distribution, elimination of drugs
Side effects, Interactions, drug Resistance
Principles of rational use of drugs; drug selection, essential drug concept
Factors responsible for irrational use of medicines
The autonomic nervous system: Structure, function, receptors, agonists and
antagonists

Requirements:
5weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
31
Written summative examination
Course coordinator
Mr. Kibuule Dan
Reading materials
1. Goodman and Gilman's pharmacological basis of therapeutics: /New York : MacGrawHill , 1996
2. Basic and clinical pharmacology/New York : MacGraw-Hill , 2002
3. Pharmacology/Churchill and livingstone, 2002
4. Clinical pharmacology/ Curchill and livingstone, 2002
BBS 2213: - Infectious Diseases
Course description
This course covers the etiology, epidemiology and pathology of infectious diseases and
the diagnostic techniques. The clinical pharmacology of antimicrobial agents is
discussed.
Course objectives
i)
To describe the epidemiology and pathogenesis of common infectious diseases
ii)
To describe the pathological and clinical features of infectious diseases
iii)
To describe laboratory and imaging techniques used in the diagnosis of infectious
diseases
iv)
To explain the clinical pharmacology of drugs used in infectous diseases
Course details
 Malaria: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis.
 Classification and mechanism of action of antimalarial drugs
 Tuberculosis and its clinical presentations. Clinical Management of tuberculosis
 The Acquired Immunodefeciency syndrome; pathogenesis, Clinical presentation and
treatment
 Classes of drugs used in treatment of HIV/AIDS.
 The causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis and Management of tropical parasitic
diseases; amoebiasis, schistomiasis,trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, onchocercasis
and pnuemocytis carinii.
 The diagnosis and treatment of Typhoid, and cholera.
 Viral infections: hepatitis, yellow fever, the heamorragic fevers and other viral
infections
Fungal infections; localized and systemic
Requirements:
5weeks, 75 CH
32
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Robert Lukande
Reading materials
1. Muirs textbook of Pathology
2. Basic and clinical pharmacology/New York : MacGraw-Hill , 2002
3. Textbook of internal medicine /Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers , 1997
4. Cecil’s textbook of internal medicine/HBJ/IE Saunders
Recess Term
BBS 2301 : Laboratory management, safety and material science
Course description
In this course students will be introduced to basic concepts of management as applied to
biomedical laboratory. In this course the student will be required to demonstrate the ability
to work safely in a laboratory.
Course Objectives:
1. To outline procurement for materials and equipment for your health unit
2. To explain the management of materials and equipment in your unit.
Content outline:
They will The following will be covered; laboratory organisation, materials, procurement,
storage, handling, waste disposal, fire control, biohazard safety precautions, human traffic
flow dynamics, note making, quality control and first aid. :
Procurement of materials and equipment
Maintenance of materials and equipment
Storage of materials and equipment
Application of materials and equipment
FOM 2213: COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS AND COMMUNICATIONS
Course description:
This course is intended to expose students to applications of Epidemiological methods
and steps in carrying out a community diagnosis. The course will also highlight practical
aspects of communication, practical application of computer skills and basic methods of
epidemic investigations and assessment of nutritional status.
Course Objectives:
1. To describe epidemiological and statistical methods of investigations
2. To describe the principles of community diagnosis
3. To describe the methods used in the assessment of nutritional status
33
4. To describe steps in community diagnosis in order to understand the health
requirements of a community
5. To demonstrate ability to use computer programs and statistical packages.
6. To describe the application of computer programs in statistical analysis
7. To demonstrate communication and counseling skills in the community
Content:
Epidemiology: surveys designs (case-control and cohort), content surveys, epidemics,
outbreaks, verification of diagnosis, establishment of outbreak existence,
investigation and management of epidemics
Bio-statistics: application of statistical method in health and diseases, parametric and
non-parametric methods, testing of hypothesis, statistical tests;
Nutritional assessment of individuals and a community, dietary assessment,
anthropometric assessment of growth. Prevalence of various forms of malnutrition
Microbiology, hematology and Biochemistry: common lab tests done at health centers
and others.
Pharmacology: essential national drug list, guidelines for drug use and rational for drug
use
Nursing science/Family/School Health: vaccine handling and immunization programs,
family planning, counseling, adolescent friendly health services
Communication and counseling skills
Community Research methods: design and use of data collection tools, PRA
(Participatory Research Appraisal), design and use of data collection tools,
secondary data review, data analysis and report writing
Community activities: collection of data from a health center, community by
observation, participatory assessment techniques, questionnaire and other methods,
Data analysis, report writing, dissemination (oral presentation)
Computer literacy: Power point presentation techniques, Internet use – Info search
Statistical packaging
Information, Education, Communication material development
Requirements:
5weeks, 75 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Isaac Okullo
Reading materials
1. Epidemiology : study design and data analysis /Boca Raton, FL : Chapman &
Hall/CRC Press, c1999.
2. Survey methods in community medicine/Churchill livingstone, 1999
3. Epidemiology in medical practice/Churchill livingstone, 1998
Year III:
34
BBS 3101
Research Proposal writing and Data management
Course description
In this course the student will be helped to develop a project proposal on a subject of their
choice in their area of specialisation. This proposal will be presented to the department in
the form of an oral exam. Once passed the student will then be allowed to proceed to
implement the proposal as a dissertation.
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will be able to:

Identify and conceptionalise problems and use research to solve these problems.

Write a research proposal with a sound data management plan.
.
Content outline:
Research methods
The structure of a research proposal
Data management and analysis
Research risk analysis and mitigation.
Common data management softwares
Requirements:
2weeks, 30 CH
Mode of assessment
Oral proposal defence 40%
Written proposal 60%
Course coordinator
BBS 3102: Non –communicable diseases
Course description
This course introduces students to epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of noncommunicable diseases. This includes diseases of lifestyle, accidents and their injuries.. The
course involves tutorials, clinical exposures and lectures.
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will be able to:

Discuss the epidemiology, causation and management of common noncommunicable diseases.
 Explain methods of prevention of common non-communicable diseases..
Content outline:
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension
Cancers
35
Common Injuries; road traffic accidents
Course coordinator
Dr. Ponsiano Ocama
Reading materials
1. Hutchison's clinical methods /Edinburgh New York : W.B.Saunders , 2002.
2. Bailey & Love's short practice of surgery. London : Arnold ; New York : Distributed
in the U.S.A. by Oxford University Press, 2004.
3. Oxford textbook of surgery /Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2000
4. Textbook of internal medicine /Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers , 1997
BBS 3103: Reproductive health and Child survival
Course description
This course covers key concepts in reproductive health and child survival. It introduces the
student to the period of pregnancy and childhood and the major challenges in these periods.
The course involves tutorials, clinical exposures and lectures.
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will be able to:

Discuss the health challenges associated with reproduction and key interventions
that can be used..
 Explain the challenges of childhood and different child survival strategies.
Content outline:
 Pregnancy; physical and psychological changes in pregnancy.
 Antepartal nursing assessment
 The expectant family; needs and care
 Maternal nutrition and safe motherhood
 Preparation for parenthood
 Assessment of fetal well being
 Birth; process and stages of birth
 The family in child birth; needs and care
 Obstetric procedures.
 Special features in child assessment; history, physical examination
 The unborn child; hereditary influences, featal development, and prenatal
influences
 The neonate; adjustment to extrauterine life, health problems and other physica
defects
 Early childhood; nutrition problems, failure to thrive, sudden infant death
 Middle childhood; behaviour disorders
36

Late childhood; adolescence and psychological adjustments.
Course coordinator
Dr. Dan Kaye
Reading materials
1. Essential obstetrics and gynaecology /Edinburgh : Churchill Livingstone , 1992.
2. Dewhurst's textbook of obstetrics and gynaecology /Oxford : Blackwell Science ,
c1999
3. Childbirth and obstetric techniques /London Philadelphia : Mosby , 1998
BBS 3103:
Medical anthropology
Course description
This course introduces students to medical anthropology. It covers the history of
Anthropology and brings out the relationship between culture, tradition, rituals, myth and
medicine. The course involves tutorials and lectures
Course Objectives:
At the end of this course students will be able to:

Discuss the relationship between culture, traditions and health delivery systems.

Explain the indigenous health delivery systems.
.
Content outline:
Introduction to history of anthropology, cultural theory and relevant anthropological
themes: concept of culture; identity; tradition; ritual; myth; memory; horal and
writing culture. Introduction to different traditional knowledge systems: kinship;
political organizations; resolution of conflicts; economical systems and management
of resources.
Introduction to medical anthropology, different medical knowledge and fundamental
medical anthropological concepts: health; illness, sickness and disease; body;
therapeutic knowledge and practices; perceptions and definitions of human being;
different categories for organic aspects; individual perception and social recognition
of diseases; classification and denomination of diseases; differences between
traditional and biomedical nosological categories; perception of etiology and therapy;
political aspects of therapeutic resources.
Introduction to traditional medicine: traditional healers and their relationship with
patients; traditional healing; traditional perception and definition of health and
disease; symbolic and therapeutic efficacy of traditional medicine.
37
Symbolic value of plants to people; how people classify plants; relation between
traditional and scientific medicine; political implications of medical knowledge.
Description of Ugandan ethnographical case: history of political recognition of
traditional medicine; traditional healers categories; difference between traditional
medicine and witchcraft; importance of culture to plant conservation and sustainable
use.
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
Written summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Elisa Vasconi
BBS 3104: Medical geography
Course Description
The course introduces participants to principles of medical geography. The course
involves lectures, practical and field work..
Objective
 Describe geographical distribution of common diseases.
 Techniques in mapping of morbidity and mortality patterns
Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student will be able to exsplain the global distribution of
common diseases and apply some mapping techniques on disease distribution.
Content
Geographical definitions and terminologies
Global disease trends and patterns.
Techniques in mapping.
Requirements
60 contact hours equivalent to 4 CU
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
End of Semester exam 60%.
Course Coordinator
BBS 3105: History of medicine
Course Description
38
The course introduces participants to the history of medicines. The course is made up of
lecturers and tutorials.
Objective
 Describe major historical events in medicine.
 Explain the significancy of these events to current medical practice.
Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student will be able to explain major historical events in
medicine and their importance.
Content
Historical discoveries; History of chemotherapy.
Evolution of medicine as a profession.
Development of medical services in Uganda.
Requirements
60 contact hours equivalent to 4 CU
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
End of Semester exam 60%.
BBS 3106: Medicine and gender
Course Description
The course introduces participants to principles of gender applied to medicine. The
course involves lectures, practical and field work..
Objective
 Describe gender issues in medicine.
Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student will be able to explain the gender aspects in
medicine and how they affect health delivery.
Content
Gender issues in provision of health care
Provision of health and gender
Requirements
60 contact hours equivalent to 4 CU
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
39
End of Semester exam 60%.
Reading Materials
1. Sex and medicine : gender, power, and authority in the medical profession/Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press , 1998.
Semester II:
Option I: Pharmacology
BBS 3201
Chemotherapeutic Agents and Antimicrobial Resistance
Course description
This course covers chemotherapeutic agents with their major classifications. It also deals
with the antimicrobial resistance
The course involves tutorials, lectures and seminars.
Course Objectives
To describe chemotherapy, chemotherapeutic agents
To out line the major classes of chemotherapeutic agents.
Explain the definitive mechanisms of action of
Antimicrobial agents
Antineoplasticl agents
To describe the principles and treatment schemes when choosing chemotherapeutic
agents
To outline measures to be taken to minimise microbial resistance to chemotherapy
Course outline:
Key definitions; Chemotherapy: Chemotherapeutic agents, Microbes; Neoplastic;
Antibiotics; Microbial resistance.
Antimicrobial agents-a general consideration,
History, Definition & characteristics, classification & mechanism Chemotherapy of
Neoplastic Diseases;-Antineaplastic agents, Alkylating agents,
Antimetabolites, Natural Products, Hormones and antagonists,
Miscellaneous agents.
Chemotherapy of Protozoa infections, Chemotherapy of Bacterial infections.
Chemotherapy of viral infections, Chemotherapy of fungal infections.
Course coordinator
Prof. Paul Waako
Requirements
60 contact hours equivalent to 4 CU
40
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
End of Semester exam 60%.
Reading materials
1. Goodman and Gilman's pharmacological basis of therapeutics: /New York : MacGrawHill , 1996
2. Basic and clinical pharmacology/New York : MacGraw-Hill , 2002
3. Pharmacology/Churchill and livingstone, 2002
4. Clinical pharmacology/ Curchill and livingstone, 2002
BBS 3202: DRUG DEVELOPMENT, REGISTRATION, MARKETING AND
REGULATORY ISSUES
Course description
This course covers Drug development, Drug registration, Marketing and regulatory
issues.
The course involves tutorials, lectures and seminars.
Course Objectives
To describe the process of Drug discovery involving identification of New Chemical
Entity(NCE) also known as New Molecular Entities(NMEs) and assessing their
safety, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and metabolism prior to human clinical trials.
To understand the many aspects of drug development focused on satisfying the
regulatory requirements of drug licensing authorities. These generally constitute a
number of tests designed to determine the major toxicities of a novel compound prior
to first use in man.
To discuss the principals of the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical
Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and
appreciate its role as a project that brings together the regulatory authorities to discuss
scientific and technical aspects of pharmaceutical product registration.
To outline the various steps taken in Marketing of a pharmaceutical product,
Course outline:
Drug discovery as the process by which drugs are discovered and/or designed.
Controlling disease and infection at the molecular and physiological level and to target
specific entities based on this knowledge.
41
Description of drug discovery process involves the identification of candidates, synthesis,
characterization, screening, and assays for therapeutic
Drug targets, screening and design. Clinical Trials.
Course coordinator:
Prof. Jasper Ogwal-Okeng
Requirements
60 contact hours equivalent to 4 CU
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
End of Semester exam 60%.
Reading materials
1. Goodman and Gilman's pharmacological basis of therapeutics: /New York : MacGrawHill , 1996
2. Basic and clinical pharmacology/New York : MacGraw-Hill , 2002
3. Pharmacology/Churchill and livingstone, 2002
4. Clinical pharmacology/ Curchill and livingstone, 2002
BBS 3203: TOXICOLOGY, SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND DRUG SAFETY ISSUES
Course description
This course covers the Principals of Toxicology and Drug abuse (substance abuse). It also
covers in detail, all issues of Drug safety.
The course involves tutorials, lectures and seminars.
Course Objectives
To describe the principals of toxicology and drug abuse.
To describe the adverse effects of chemicals on biological systems.
To give an overview of non therapeutic use of alcohol and drugs of abuse.
To outline measures taken to treat poisoning and substance abuse
Course outline:
Key definitions; Toxicology, Drug toxicity, Drug adverse reactions, Drug/substance
abuse, Poison, Poisoning.
42
Dose- response relationship, acute versus chronic exposure to a drug or chemical.
The various types of toxic reactions including; Local versus systemic Toxicity;
Reversible and Irreversible toxic effects; Delayed Toxicity.
Allergic Reactions; Idiosyncratic Reactions; Chemical Carcinogens
Drug abuse, Drug addiction, Substance-abuse prevention, Substance-abuse rehabilitation
and Substance –abuse treatment.
Drug safety issues with emphasis to:Medicine safety, who is at risk and what you can do.
Buying and using medicines safely.
Course coordinator:
Prof. Celestino Obua
Requirements
60 contact hours equivalent to 4 CU
Mode of assessment
Progressive assessment 40%
End of Semester exam 60%.
Reading materials
1. Goodman and Gilman's pharmacological basis of therapeutics: /New York : MacGrawHill , 1996
2. Basic and clinical pharmacology/New York : MacGraw-Hill , 2002
3. Pharmacology/Churchill and livingstone, 2002
4. Clinical pharmacology/ Curchill and livingstone, 2002
BBS 3204: Dissertation writing
Course description
This course involves implementation of an approved research project which a student will
have developed in the first semester of the third year.
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to implement a research project, collect
analyse and draw logical conclusions from the data collected.
Course outline:
43
During this period the student is expected to collect data
Practical session in data analysis
Representation of research data
Report writing
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Marking of written Dissertation 100%
Course coordinator
Dr. Ian Munabi
Option II : Microbiology
BBS 3205: Applied bacteriology and parasitology
Course description
This course covers bacteriology and parasitology as applied the infectious diseases.
biology of parasites and fungi which causes disease in man, their, mode of transmission,
diagnosis and control. The student will also be introduced to basic immunology and use of
immunological principles in diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of bacterial and
parasitic infections.
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Discuss bacteria and parasitology and causes of infections.
Explain the role of parasite s in causation of infections.
Course outline:
Classification of bacteria and protozoa
Bacteriology of acute respiratory infection
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
44
BBS 3206: Applied Mycology and Virology
Course description
This course brings out the relationship between fungi, viruses and disease.
The student will also be introduced to basic immunology and use of immunological
principles in diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of bacterial and parasitic
infections.
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Discuss fungi and viruses as causes of disease.
Explain the role of viruses in causation of infections.
Course outline:
Classification of fungi and viruses
Bacteriology of acute respiratory infection
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
BBS 3207. Routine diagnostic Techniques
Course description
This course focuses on diagnosis of infections and infestations using routine techniques.
The course involves practical and seminars.
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Carry out routine microbiological techniques for the diagnosis of disease.
Interpret microbiology results arising out of routine tests.
Course outline:
Classification of fungi and viruses
Bacteriology of acute respiratory infection
45
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Option III: Anatomy
BBS 3208 Embryology, Human development and Comparative anatomy
BBS 3209 Microscopic anatomy and histological techniques
BBS 3210 Tissue preservation and embalming
BBS 3208 Embryology, Human Development and Comparative anatomy
Course Description
This course covers human development from conception to birth. It will expose students
to pre-fertilization state, fertilization, embryonic and fetal periods, including development
anomalies. It will also expose students to primatology and comparative anatomy of
human and primates as well as theories of human evolution.
Course Objectives
 To discuss the process of human development
 To discuss the congenital anomalies
 To discuss comparative and evolutionary anatomy
Leaning Outcomes
At the end of the course students will be able to appreciate human development,
challenges and risks to development as well as comparative anatomy..
Content outline
The course covers the Basic genetic organization in cells and chromosomes, cell division,
structure and function, Sex determination, Sexual differentiation, Gametogenesis,
Fertilization and blastocyst formation, Bilaminar germ disc, Ectodermal, endodermal and
mesodermal derivatives, Foetal period, Foetal membranes and placenta, Congenital
malformations. The students will be exposed to primatology and comparative anatomy.
Requirements
60 contact hours resulting into 4 Credit Units
46
Mode of assessment
The course shall be assessed on the basis of 100 total marks; Progressive assessment 40%
and End of Semester exam 60%.
Course Coordinator
Dr. Joseph Ochieng; MBChB, MSc, MHSc
BBS 3209 Microscopic Anatomy and Histological Techniques
Course Description
The course will cover microscopic anatomy and histological techniques including tissue
acquisition, preservation, preparation, staining and mounting of tissues on slides. It will
also cover microscopy including handling, maintaining and use of microscopes.
Objective
 Describe process of tissue preservation and preparation for microscopic use
 Describe uses and maintenance of microscopes
 Describe the different stains and staining techniques
Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student will be able expected to demonstrate tissue
preparation and its use in microscopy. The student should be able to purchase, maintain
and use the different types of microscopes.
Content
Acquisition of lab specimens, preservation and preparation of microscopic tissues,
staining techniques, mounting of specimen, use and maintenance of the microscope.
Requirements
75 contact hours equivalent to 5 Credit Units
Mode of assessment
The course shall be assessed on the basis of 100 total marks; Progressive assessment 40%
and End of Semester exam 60%.
Course Coordinator
Dr. Haruna Kiryowa; BDS, MSc
BBS 3210 Tissue Preservation and Embalming
Course Description
47
The course covers preservation of tissues both for microscopic and gross anatomical
studies. All types of tissue preparation and preservation both for short term and long
term storage.
Course Objectives
 Describe the process of embalming
 Describe types of tissue preparation and preservation
 Describe the process of skeleton preparation and assembly
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student should have the ability to demonstrate the different
types of tissue preservation and embalming both for short term and long term purposes.
Handling of human cadavers for academic and bereaved families, as well as ability to
prepare and assemble a human skeleton. Should demonstrate proper disposure of human
remains.
Course Content
Embalming cadavers for dissection, embalming cadavers before burial, preparation and
assembly of human skeletons, preservation of human and other biological tissues and
specimens, disposing of human remains.
Requirements
45 contact hours equivalent to 3 Credit Units
Mode of assessment
The course shall be assessed on the basis of 100 total marks; Progressive assessment 40%
and End of Semester exam 60%.
Course Coordinator
Dr. Erisa Sabakaki Mwaka; MBChB, MMED, PhD
Option IV: Heamatology
BBS 3211: Blood disorders and malignancy
BBS 3212: Diagnostic approaches in haematology
BBS 3213: Transfusion and stem cell transplantation
BBS 3211: Blood disorders and malignancy
Course description
48
This course focuses on presentation and diagnosis of blood disorders and malignancies.
The course involves lecturers, tutorials and practicals
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Discuss common blood disorders and malignancies.
Interpret pathological diagnosis of common blood disorders.
Course outline:
Heamoglobopathies
Blood malignancies; classification presentation and diagnosis
Bacteriology of acute respiratory infection
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. othieno
Reading materials
1. Muir’s textbook of pathology
2. Pathology /Philadelphia : Harwal Publishing , 1993
3. Essentials of pathology /Edinburgh; New York : W.B. Saunders
4. Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid
tissues/Phildelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1994
BBS 3212: Diagnostic approaches in haematology
Course description
This course focuses on diagnostic approaches toin haematology. The course involves
lecturers, tutorials and practicals
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Carry out common diagnostic techniques in heamatology.
Interpret pathological diagnosis of common blood disorders.
49
Course outline:
Microscopy
Bonne marrow biopsy
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Nalwoga Hawa
Reading materials
1. Muir’s textbook of pathology
2. Pathology /Philadelphia : Harwal Publishing , 1993
3. Essentials of pathology /Edinburgh; New York : W.B. Saunders
4. Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid
tissues/Phildelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1994
BBS 3213: Transfusion and stem cell transplantation
Course description
This course focuses on blood transfusion and stem cell transplant. The course involves
lecturers, tutorials and practicals
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Discussed the principles of blood transfusion and stem cell transplant.
Course outline:
Blood transfusion; blood storage and preservation
Indications, precautions and Complications of blood transfusion.
Techniques in stem cell transplantation.
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
50
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator:
Dr. Lynette Tumwine
Reading materials
1. Muir’s textbook of pathology
2. Pathology /Philadelphia : Harwal Publishing , 1993
3. Essentials of pathology /Edinburgh; New York : W.B. Saunders
4. Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid
tissues/Phildelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co., 1994
Option V: Molecular Biology
BBS 3217
Advanced concepts of cell biology and principles of microscopic
analysis
Course description
This course introduces participants to key concepts of cell biology and microscopic
analysis. This is largely a practical course with most of the time spent in the laboratory.
Course Objectives

To describe advanced concepts in cell biology and application of microscopy.
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able use a microscope to study cell structures.
Content outline


DNA/RNA melting, Hybridization and replication
Protein Synthesis and degradation
o Genome of prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses, Operon theory
o Early-late genes, Control models in eukaryotes, Promoters
o Repeat sequences
Requirements:
4 Weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
51
BBS 3218
Principles of molecular biology
Course description
This course introduces participants to the principles of molecular biology. This is largely
a practical course with most of the time spent in the laboratory.
Course Objectives

To describe the principles of molecular biology.
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able use a microscope to study cell structures.
Content outline
Molecular methods
o Separataion and purification
o Analystical techiniques
o Structural studies
o Experimental techiniques
 Control mechanisms at other levels
o Hormones
o Post transcriptional modifications
o Splicing mechanisms
o Post translational mechanisms
o Mechanisms of recombination, transposition, transformation.
 Mobile genetic elements, Transposons, Insertions
 Insertion sequences
Requirements:
4 Weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
BBS 3219
Advanced molecular biology and biotechnology
Course description
This course covers advanced molecular biology and principles of biotechnology. This is
largely a practical course with most of the time spent in the laboratory.
Course Objectives

To describe some advanced concepts in molecular biology
52

To describe the principles of biotechnology.
Learning outcomes:
Apply advanced molecular biology techniques to disease diagnosis and research
investigations..
Content outline




Biotechnology
o Vectors
o Enzymes for nuclear research, hybridization, DNA-synthesis
o PCR
o Synthesis of primers, ligation, transfection, reverse transcription
Uses in genetics
o Gene libraries, construction and their uses
o Restriction frgment length polymophisms analysis
Genetic engneering
o Recombinant DNA technology
o Cell culture techniques
o Mutagenesis,
o Hybridisation
o Plasmids protoplasta and cell fusion
o Monoclonal antibodies
o Cloned genes
Gene transfer
o Inborn genetic defects and disease
Requirements:
4 Weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Option VI: Physiology
BBS 3220: Application of Radioimmunoassay and Imaging techniques
Course description
This course covers the instruments, reagents and methods used in radioimmunoassay and
radio imaging of internal organs. It also brings out the major diagnostic and therapeutic
procedures carried out using radioisotopes. They will demonstrate the diagnostic and
therapeutic uses of radioisotope machines and instruments. The course involves tutorials,
lectures, seminars and practical sessions.
Course Objectives
53




To describe the principles of radioimmunoassay and imaging
To discuss the instruments, materials and reagents used in radioimmunoassay and
imaging.
To outline the safety measures used in radioimmunoassay, imaging and
radiotherapy.
To demonstrate the ability of use of radioimmunoassay and imaging machines.
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to protect themselves and the subjects
against irradiation. They will be able to use radioimmunoassay and imaging to diagnose
and treat diseases, order materials and regents from the manufacturers and manage a
radioimmunoassay, imaging and radiotherapy lab.
Content outline
Radio isotopes, radioimmunoassay, radio-imaging, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine,
radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine manufacturers of radioisotopes used in nuclear
medicine. Sample collection for radioimmunoassay, patient/subject preparation for
imaging and radiotherapy. Safety measures while in radiotherapy, radioimmunoassay
and imaging labs. Companies that manufacturer radioactive kits and reagents.
Requirements:
4 Weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Mr. Hannington Kasozi, BSc Zoology, MSc (MUK)
Reading materials
1. Textbook of medical physiology, Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000
BBS 3221: Physiological Assessment of brain and Neuronal functions.
Course description
This course covers the physiological assessment of the brain and neuronal functions. The
students will acquire the skills to carry perform these practicals in the labs, using animals
and human subjects. They will learn how and where to purchase the equipment, materials
and regents to be used in these experiments.
Course Objectives



To discuss physiological assessment of the special senses
To describe the physiological assessment of nervous system
To demonstrate the physiological assessment of neural functions.
54
Learning outcomes:
By the end of this course the trainees will be able to carry out physiological assessment of
the nervous system. They will be able to purchase materials to be used in the neural
physiology labs.
Content outline
Stimulation of motor points in man, ischemic muscular pain, Reflexes in human subjects,
Sciatic sensations, pain sensation, temperature sensation, proprioceptive mechanisms,
vibration sensibility, Rinne’s test, localization of sound, the audiometer, taste,
labyrinthine mechanisms, stimulation of the retina, blind sport, inversion of the retinal
image, colour vision, visual acuity, assessment of cerebellum functions, assessment of
the extra pyramidal tracts including the basal ganglion. Localisation of spinal code
damage.
Requirements:
4 Weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Rosemary Nakiboneka MBChB, MSc (MUK)
Reading materials
1. Hematology: physiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical principles /New York :
Macmillan, 1975
2. Textbook of medical physiology, Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000
BBS 3222: Physiological assessment of body systems
Course description
This course covers the assessment of body systems, including the machines and materials
used. It will expose the students to correctly collect the spacemen’s, store them safely,
analyse them and make correct reports. The types and the operations of the machines
used in these assessments. This course will cover the four systems i.e. Cardio-respiratory,
renal, endocrine and gastrointestinal systems. The course involves tutorials, lectures,
seminars and practical sessions.
Course Objectives




To identify the physiological assessment tools of body systems
To discuss the machines, materials and reagents used in the body systems.
To describe the uses and maintenance of a physiology lab equipment
To demonstrate physiological functions of body systems.
55
Learning outcomes:
At the end of the course students will be able to demonstrate physiological functions of
body systems. They will be able to purchase and maintain physiology labs and will be
able to interpret the results and make reports of the outcomes.
Content outline
Assessment of the heart, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, reproduction and the
endocrine systems. Blood pressure, ECG, Spirometry, calorimetry, Analysis of
respiratory gases. Urinalysis, urine proteins and sugars, electrolytes in body fluids,
Basal metabolic rate, metabolism during exercise, Measurement of body fluid
components, ELISA tests, Blood grouping.
Requirements:
4 Weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Josephine Kasolo MBChB, MSc (MUK)
Reading materials
1. . Textbook of medical physiology, Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000
Option V: Clinical Chemistry
BBS 3223: Clinical chemistry Equipments and Instrumentation
Course description
This course focuses on introduction to clinical chemistry and equipments used in clinical
chemistry.. The course involves lecturers, tutorials and practicals
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Handle commonly used clinical chemistry equipments
Describe common clinical chemistry techniques.
Course outline:
Spectrophotometry
Spectroscopy,
Requirements:
56
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Course coordinator
Dr. Hakim Sendagire
Reading materials
1. Harper's biochemistry/New York: McGraw-hill , 2000
2. . Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations /New York: Wiley-Liss , 1997.
BBS 3224: Principles and applications of laboratory tests and other Biochemical
methods
Course description
This course introduces participants to the principles and applications of laboratory test
The course involves lecturers, tutorials and practicals
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Explain the principles and common applications of clinical chemistry tests.
Course outline:




Uses of laboratory tests
o Patient preparation
o Sample analysis
o Result reporting
o Result interpretation
Population based reference values
Total quality management
o Assurance and control
Enzymes in clinical diagnosis
o Functions of the liver, kidney and pancreas
Theory behind biochemical methods:
o Separataion and purification
o Analystical techiniques
o Mesurement methods
o Structural studies
o Experimental techiniques
57
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Dr. Hakim Sendagire
Reading materials
1. Harper's biochemistry/New York: McGraw-hill , 2000
2. . Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations /New York: Wiley-Liss , 1997.
BBS 3225: Clinical Biochemistry and disease processes
Course description
This course introduces participants to disease process that affect body chemistry. The
course involves lecturers, tutorials and practicals
Course Objectives
At the end of this course a student should be able to;
Discuss common disease process that affect body chemistry.
Course outline:




Basis of abnormal Biochemical mechanisms;
o Biochemical lesions
o Molecular basis of inheritance
o Inborn errors of metabolism
Abnormalities of metabolism
Genetic diseases
Neoplastic diseases
Requirements:
4weeks, 60 CH
Mode of assessment
Practical examination 40%
Final summative examination 60%
Dr. Hakim Sendagire
Reading materials
1. Harper's biochemistry/New York: McGraw-hill , 2000
2. . Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations /New York: Wiley-Liss , 1997.
58
7.0 Teaching resources
7.1 Human resource
The program will be taught in the following departments; Pathology, Physiology,
Anatomy, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Public Health ,
Paediatrics and Child health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and other Units of Mulago
National referral Hospital. A detailed list of teaching staff on the proposed program is
indicated in table 1 below.
Table 1: Academic staff to teach on the program
Name
Title
Qualifications
Status
Proposed
TL(hrs/wk)
PT
Current
TL
(hrs/wk)
10
Dr. Dan Wamala
SC
Prof.Byarugaba
Prof.Paul Waako
Dr.P. Misaki
Dr. Joseph Ochieng
Dr.Michael Odida
Prof.Henry Wabinga
Dr.Lynette Tumwine
Dr.Josephine Kasolo
Dr.David Othieno
Dr Andrew Okwi
Mr.Oswalt
Prof.Moses Joloba
Prof.Gabriel Bimenya
Dr.Henry Kajjumbura
Dr.Christine Najjuka
Dr. Fred Bwango
Dr.Achiles Katamba
Dr.Byamugisha
Dr. Benon Asiimwe
Prof. Kaddu Mulindwa
Dr. Hakim Sendagire
Dr, Okoth Ndiira
Dr. Orach Garamoi
Dr. Charles Ibingira
Prof. Celestino Obua
Dr. Peter Waiswa
Prof. Jasper OgwalOkeng
Prof. G. Olobo
L
AP
L
L
L
P
L
SL
C
T
T
AP
P
SL
L
L
L
L
l
L
L
L
SL
SL
AP
L
P
P
MB.Ch.B, M.Med (Path).
M.Med.Sc.(Cytopath)B.SC.M.MSc.PhD.
M.B ChB,M.Sc.PhD
M.B.Ch.B, M.SC.
M.B.Ch.B, M.Sc.(Anat.)
MB,Ch.B, M.Med.(Path)
MB,Ch.B, M.Med.(Path)MD
MB,Ch.B, M.Med.(Path
M.B.Ch.B, M.Sc.(Physio.)
MB,Ch.B, M.Med.(Path
BSc. M.SC.
BLT, M.Sc.Lab magt
MB ChB, M.Sc., PhD
B.Sc, M.Sc. PhD
MBCH.B.,M.Med(Micro.)
MBCH.B.,M.Med(Micro
BVM,MMED ,PHD
MB.ChB, PHD
MB ChB, M.Med, PhD.
BVM,MMED, PHD
BVM,MSc, PhD
MB ChB, M.Sc., PhD
MB,Ch.B, M.Med.
MBchB MPH PhD
MBchB Mmed
MD, MSc. PhD
MB ChB, M.Med, PhD.
M.B ChB,M.Sc.PhD
MB ChB, M.Med, PhD.
PT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
PT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
PT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
FT
2
10
8
10
10
10
8
10
6
8
10
10
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
8
6
8
8
8
8
4
12
10
12
12
12
12
12
8
10
12
12
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
10
12
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
59
Dr. David Makumbi
Dr. Joel Okullo
Dr. Hawa Nalwoga
Dr.Nabadda
SL
SL
sl
cons
BSc. MPH, PHD
MBChB MSc.
MB ChB, M.Med, PhD.
MBchB Mmed
FT
FT
FT
8
8
8
6
10
10
10
8
L-lecturer, SL-Senior Lecturer, AP-Associate professor, P-Professor
SC-Senior Consultant , C-Consultant, PT-Part time, FT-Full Time, TL-Teaching Load
7.2 Laboratory Equipments and specimens
Physical Facilities
(a) Pathology lecture theatre for lectures
(b) The cytology laboratory
(c) The Histopathology laboratory
(d) Davis Lecture theaters.
(e) Molecular pathology Laboratory
(f) Immunohistochemistry Laboratory.
(g) Mortuary lecture theatre.
(h) Hospital Pathology Laboratory.
(i) Microbiology Laboratory
(j) Immunoflorence Laboratory-Mulago Hospital
(k) Mortuary
7.3 Financial resources and Budget
Funding of the program will come from private sponsored students. The program will
take on 60 students at the start of which all will be privately sponsored. (20 International
students and 40 Ugandans). Ugandan privately sponsored students will pay 1,200,000
Ug. Shs Per Semester and 705,000 Shs for the recess semester. International students will
pay 2,400,000Shs per semester and 1,410,000 for the Recess semester. The faculty will
retain 60% of this collection. The expenditure budget for this money is attached in annex
II.
Appendix I: Income and Expenditure budget for the program
a) Income:
1. 40 Ugandan private students @ 3,105,000 Shs per year = 124,200,000
2. 20 International students @ 6,210, 000 Shs per year = 124,200,000
Total collection
248,400,000
60
b) Expenditures:
Item
1.
2.
5.
6.
Activity/Item
Administrative
costs
Office supplies
and cleaning
equipments
Laboratory
equipments
Staff
development
GRAND
TOTAL
Resource/Items
Amount (Ug. Shs)
20,000,000
Subtotal
20,000,000
Stationery
Cleaning equipments
Subtotal
10,000,000
5,000,000,
15,000,000
Reagents
Minor Equipments
Subtotal
40,000,000
40,000,000
80,000, 000
Workshops and conferences
20,000,000
135,000,000
61