Unit 6: Skin/Bone/Muscle
36.3 The Integumentary System

The integumentary system has many tissues that ____________________________.
- The ________________ is the body system that surrounds all your other organ systems.
- ______________ is the largest organ in the body.

Functions of the integumentary system
- serves as a _____________ against ______________ and _____________
- helps to regulate ___________________________
- removes _______________________ from the body.
- provides protection against __________________________ from the sun.

The integumentary system is made up of two main layers: __________________ and
________________.
1) _________________: the outermost layer of the skin
- has two layers
 outer layer is made up of __________ cells
 inner layer is made up of __________ cells
 inner layer cells undergo rapid _____________________, producing new cells
that push older cells to the _______________ of the skin.
- Cells in the epidermis produce ______________ and _______________
 Keratin makes skin _______________ and _______________.
 Melanin is a ______________________ that absorbs __________________ to
protect the skin from sun damage.
 Different amount of _____________ also results in different ________________.
2) __________________: the inner layer of the skin
- ____________________ = produce sweat
 sweat ___________ body temperature
 sweat removes ____________ and _______________
- ____________________ = produce oil to prevent skin from drying out
- ______________ = covers most body sufaces
 protects the ____________ from ___________________ from the sun
 provides _______________ from the cold
 produced by _______________________________.
- _____________________ = blood flow maintains ____________________.
- _______________ and ________________ are also embedded in dermis layer.
3) ___________________: underneath the dermis layer; serves as a ____________ under
the skin
36.1 The Skeletal System

The skeletal system includes __________ and tissues that are important for
_____________, _______________, and ________________ your body.

Functions of the Skeletal System
 ____________ the body
 protects ______________________
 _________________ protects spinal cord
 _________________ protects heart, lungs
 _____________ protects brain
 provides for _________________
 when ______________ contract, they pull on the ____________, causing the bones
to move
 stores _______________________
 materials inside the bones give bones their _______________ (ex. _____________)
 provides a site for __________________ formation
 ____________________ inside the bones produce __________________

The skeletal system is made up of ___________, _____________, ______________, and
_____________.
 There are _________ bones that make up the human skeleton.
 Ligaments = connect __________ to ___________
 Tendons = connect ___________ to ____________
 Joints = where _____________________ meet.

Parts of the skeleton
1) _________________ skeleton
= includes _______________, ______________, _________, ____________________
= supports the ____________________ of the body.
2) ______________________ skeleton
= includes ___________, ____________, _______________, _________________
= attached to the _______________ of the body
____________________
Skeleton

Names of the bones in a skeleton
_____________________
Skeleton

Structure of a bone
 _________________
 Tough layer of tissue
 Blood vessels here carry ____________ and ______________ to the bone
 _______________________
 ____________ layer of the bone
 _________ and __________
 _________________________ allow blood vessels to go through
 _______________________
 ____________ layer of the bone
 __________ and ____________; adds ___________ without adding __________.
 Protects ___________ and ___________ bone marrow
 Red bone marrow produces ___________; yellow bone marrow is mostly ______.

Development of Bones
 The skeleton of an embryo is composed of _______________.
 Cartilage
 strong _______________________
 ____________ body; acts as _______________________ and ______________
between bones
 is __________ and __________________ than bone.
 Is found in ___________, ____________, ___________, and between bones
 Cartilage is gradually replaced by _______________ during the process of bone
formation called __________________ during early childhood.

Types of Joints
 Joints permit ______________________ without damaging each other
 ______________________ forms a thin lubricating film over the surface of the joint.
 enables the bones to slide past each other ______________________.
1) ______________ joint
 permit ______________________ motion (90°)
 ex: _____________, elbow
2) ______________ joint
 allow one bone to _____________________ another (180°)
 ex: __________________________
3) ______________ joint
 permit movement in ___________________ (360°)
 ex: ____________, pelvis
4) ______________ joint
 permit one bone to ___________________________.
 ex: ___________________

Bone Injuries
1) ________________ = torn _____________________
2) ________________ = break in a _______________
3) ________________ = bones are forced out of the _______________

Treatment
- surgically insert ______________ into the injured area to hold broken bones together, so
_______________________ can begin to repair
36.2 The Muscular System

Muscles are tissues that can _______________, enabling __________________.

The muscular system moves substances throughout the body.
 ___________ of the skeletal system
 ___________ through digestive system
 ___________ through circulatory system
 ___________ through excretory system

Structure of a muscle
 muscle tissue is made up of ___________ bundled together called _____________
- muscles work in ___________ in ____________ directions: when one _____________
(shortens), the other ____________ (lengthens) ex: bicep and tricep

There are _________ types of muscle tissue.
1) __________________ muscle
- attaches to ______________
- ________________ (can control it)
- ________________ (show line pattern)
- have _____________ nuclei
- ex: _____________, _______________
2) __________________ muscle
- ________________ (cannot control it)
- ________________ (do not show line pattern) = this is why it is called “smooth”
- have ________ nucleus
- ex: __________________, ___________________
3) __________________ muscle
- is only found in _______________
- ________________ (cannot control it)
- ________________ (show line pattern)
- have __________________ nuclei