Chapter 8 Review
Mass Movements, Wind, and
Glaciers
Which is NOT a factor that
influences mass movements?
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
t
14
0%
il
ty
ei
gh
w
w
1
0%
tim
e
0%
pe
0%
so
water
weight
soil type
time
at
er
1.
2.
3.
4.
15
16
17
18
19
20
A once straight fencepost is now
tilted slightly. What type of mass
movement is this demonstrating?
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0%
ll
0%
fa
id
e
flo
cr
1
0%
w
0%
sl
creep
flow
slide
fall
ee
p
1.
2.
3.
4.
15
16
17
18
19
20
At which location would a catastrophic
mass-movement be most common?
1. On a slope of 15° in an area of
120 cm of annual rainfall.
2. On a slope of 35° in an area of
72 cm of annual rainfall.
3. On a slope of 30° in an area of
110 cm of annual rainfall.
4. On a slope of 18° in an area of
88 cm of annual rainfall.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0% 0% 0% 0%
O
15
n
a
e
op
l
s
1
of
5°
O
16
n
in
a
a.
..
e
op
l
s
3
of
5°
O
17
n
in
a
a.
..
e
op
l
s
3
of
0°
O
18
n
in
a
a.
..
e
op
l
s
19
1
of
8°
in
a.
..
20
Where is wind erosion least
likely to take place?
1.
2.
3.
4.
deserts
prairies
seashores
lakeshores
0%
d
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
e
es
rts
14
0%
ai
pr
15
0%
s
rie
se
16
as
re
ho
0%
s
la
17
k
s
re
o
h
es
18
19
20
What is formed when two cirques on
opposite sides of a valley meet?
1.
2.
3.
4.
hanging valley
arete
horn
U-shaped valley
0%
h
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
g
an
g
in
y
lle
a
v
0%
ar
e
et
0%
ho
rn
U
15
16
17
0%
18
-s
p
ha
ed
19
lle
va
y
20
What makes a kame different
from an esker?
1.
2.
3.
4.
its layering
its origins
its sediments
its shape
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
0%
its
13
la
g
rin
e
y
14
its
15
0%
s
in
g
i
or
its
16
0%
d
se
17
im
0%
ts
en
its
18
a
sh
19
pe
20
Which of the following actions could prevent
mass-movement disasters?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
rie
s
se
di
gg
i
ng
a
pe
at
in
g
uc
ed
16
of
ab
op
le
s
tre
e
g
m
ov
in
re
15
t..
.
...
fr
om
ld
in
..
bu
i
tin
g
tru
c
ns
14
o.
.
0% 0% 0% 0%
co
1. constructing buildings and
roads in stream drainage
paths
2. removing trees from steep
slopes
3. educating people about the
advantages of building on
steep slopes
4. digging a series of trenches to
divert water around a slope
17
18
19
20
Which of the following statements is true
about wind transport?
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
15
.
c..
..
..
ca
n
e.
ne
ra
lly
,
wi
nd
rt
an
d
po
tr a
ns
in
d
an
d
wa
te
r
ha
ve
.
...
an
te
r,
c
wa
in
d
, li
ke
in
d
16
Ge
3
W
2
W
1
0% 0% 0% 0%
W
1. Wind, like water, can only move
materials downhill.
2. Wind and water have the same
relative ability to erode materials.
3. Wind transport and erosion
primarily occur in areas with little
vegetative cover.
4. Generally, wind can carry particles
as large as those transported by
moving water.
17
18
19
20
Dune formation will take place when
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
av
ai
ar
e
s
w
in
d
w
ith
gh
ly
hi
on
16
la
b
...
sa
ar
tz
qu
h
,h
ig
nd
15
nd
n.
..
w
in
ds
,a
n.
..
,a
sa
nd
s,
14
sa
w
in
d
hi
1
le
0% 0% 0% 0%
gh
1. high winds, sand, and no
vegetation are present
2. sand, high winds, and
vegetation are present
3. only with quartz sand, high
winds, and vegetation are
present
4. high winds are available
17
18
19
20
Where there is limited sand available
and strong prevailing winds,
1. longitudinal dunes are
formed
2. parabolic dunes form
3. no dune formation can
take place
4. transverse dunes are
formed
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
0% 0% 0% 0%
lo
14
15
16
ng
u
it
n
di
d
al
u
n
es
p
...
ar
ab
ar
o
lic
d
un
n
17
o
es
d
18
rm
fo
u
n
e
fo
rm
io
at
n
an
tr
19
ca
...
er
sv
se
du
n
es
20
e.
ar
..
Which of the following statements
is NOT true about valley glaciers?
1. Flow rates are the same within the
various portions of the glacier.
2. The speed of the glacier is affected
by the slope of the valley floor.
3. They widen V-shaped stream
valleys in U-shaped glacial valleys.
4. Movement is usually less than a few
millimeters a day.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
15
0% 0% 0% 0%
F
16
w
lo
te
ra
s
e
ar
e
th
T
h
17
e
..
sa
sp
ee
d
o
he
ft
T
h
a
gl
ey
18
..
ci
w
id
en
V
p
ha
-s
M
o
ed
m
ve
...
en
19
t
is
u
us
ly
al
...
20
A ridge consisting of mixed debris
deposited by a glacier is a(n) ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
outwash plain
kettle
moraine
esker
0%
o
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
w
ut
h
as
a
pl
14
in
0%
t
ke
0%
tle
m
15
16
ne
ai
r
o
17
0%
k
es
18
er
19
20
Slumps are common after a
rainfall because the water ____.
1. reduces friction
between soil grains
2. breaks the
underlying rock
3. causes snow to melt
4. washes away the
vegetation cover
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
0% 0% 0% 0%
re
12
du
s
ce
13
tio
rf ic
n
t..
be
ea
br
14
.
ks
e
th
de
un
in
rly
c
...
s
au
es
ow
sn
w
15
16
a
to
t
el
m
es
sh
17
aw
ay
e
th
18
g
ve
...
19
20
Which of the following causes
deflation?
1. glacial erosion
2. deposition by
meltwaters
3. wind
deposition
4. wind erosion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
er
os
io
n
tio
n
po
si
w
in
d
de
w
de
po
si
ti
gl
on
in
d
by
ac
ia
le
ro
si
m
el
tw
...
on
0% 0% 0% 0%
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Glaciers covered 30 percent of the earth
during the last ice age that began about
1.
2.
3.
4.
10 000 years ago
1.6 million years ago
2000 years ago
50 million years ago
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
0%
0
00
13
ar
ye
s
1.
ag
6
14
0%
o
ill
m
n
io
ye
s
ar
ag
0%
o
20
00
a
ye
rs
o
ag
50
15
16
17
0%
i
ill
m
on
a
ye
18
rs
o
ag
19
20
When two cirques on opposite sides of a
valley meet, they form a(n) ____.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
0%
14
0%
0%
15
he
an
c
av
al
or
a
in
e
dr
um
lin
êt
e
0%
m
arête
drumlin
moraine
avalanche
ar
1.
2.
3.
4.
16
17
18
19
20
a swiftly moving mixture of sand and
water that occurs after an
earthquake
1. creep
2. flow
3. slide
4. fall
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
15
0%
fa
id
e
ll
0%
sl
flo
ee
p
cr
1
0%
w
0%
16
17
18
19
20
a slump formed after a heavy rain
1. creep
2. flow
3. slide
4. fall
0%
p
ee
cr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
0%
flo
13
w
14
0%
0%
e
fa
id
sl
15
16
17
ll
18
19
20
solifluction in Antarctica
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0%
fa
id
e
ll
0%
flo
ee
p
cr
1
0%
w
0%
sl
1. creep
2. flow
3. slide
4. fall
15
16
17
18
19
20
talus results at the base of
a mountain
1. creep
2. flow
3. slide
4. fall
0%
0%
p
ee
r
c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
flo
13
w
0%
sl
14
15
e
id
0%
fa
16
17
ll
18
19
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0%
15
16
0%
17
0%
0%
F
B
0%
D
0%
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
E
hanging valley
18
19
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0%
15
16
17
0%
18
0%
0%
F
B
0%
D
0%
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
E
waterfall
19
20
arete
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
15
0%
16
17
0%
18
19
0%
F
0%
E
B
0%
D
0%
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
B
14
0%
15
16
0%
17
18
0%
0%
F
0%
D
0%
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
E
horn
19
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0%
15
16
0%
17
18
0%
0%
F
B
0%
D
0%
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
E
U-shaped valley
19
20
cirque
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
B
C
D
E
F
0%
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
0%
B
14
15
0%
0%
C
D
16
17
18
0%
0%
E
F
19
20
The slow, steady, downhill flow of
loose, weathered earth materials
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
slump
creep
water
mudflow
landslide
0%
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
p
m
u
l
0%
p
ee
r
c
0%
w
0%
er
at
m
13
14
15
16
flo
ud
0%
w
17
la
sl
nd
18
e
id
19
20
Swiftly moving mixture of mud and
water that causes many deaths
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
slump
creep
water
mudflow
landslide
0%
u
sl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
p
m
0%
p
ee
r
c
0%
w
0%
er
at
m
14
15
16
17
flo
ud
0%
w
la
18
sl
nd
e
id
19
20
A rapid, downslope slide of
earth materials
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
slump
creep
water
mudflow
landslide
0%
s
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
p
m
lu
13
0%
p
ee
cr
0%
w
0%
er
at
m
14
15
16
flo
ud
17
0%
w
la
18
lid
s
nd
19
e
20
A landslide in which the material rotates and
slides along a curved surface
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
slump
creep
water
mudflow
landslide
0%
u
sl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
p
m
0%
cr
p
ee
0%
w
0%
er
at
m
14
15
16
f
ud
17
0%
w
lo
la
18
sl
nd
e
id
19
20
This acts as a lubricant between
grains of soils and sediments
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
15
nd
sl
la
ud
f
16
0%
id
e
0%
lo
w
0%
m
sl
cr
ee
p
0%
at
er
0%
w
slump
creep
water
mudflow
landslide
um
p
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
17
18
19
20
A mass of ice that forms in mountainous areas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0%
0%
0%
0%
m
as
s
ab
ra
si
on
m
ud
flo
w
0%
lo
es
s
0%
ue
dr
um
lin
m
ov
em
en
t
0%
ci
rq
0%
en
ta
lg
la
ou
ci
tw
er
as
h
pl
va
ai
lle
n
y
gl
ac
ie
r
0%
tin
continental glacier
outwash plain
valley glacier
cirque
drumlin
mass movement
loess
abrasion
mudflow
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
15
16
17
18
19
20
A downslope movement of loose sediment
and rock under gravity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
tin
lo
es
s
ab
ra
si
on
m
ud
flo
w
0%
ue
dr
um
lin
sl
um
p
0%
en
ta
lg
la
ou
ci
tw
er
as
m
h
as
pl
s
ai
m
n
ov
em
en
t
0%
ci
rq
continental glacier
outwash plain
mass movement
cirque
drumlin
slump
loess
abrasion
mudflow
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
A broad, continent-sized mass of ice
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
0%
0%
0%
0%
12
13
14
15
16
0%
0%
0%
ab
ra
si
en
on
ta
lg
la
ci
er
0%
lo
es
s
0%
sl
um
tw
p
as
h
pl
va
ai
lle
n
y
gl
ac
ie
r
ci
rq
ue
m
dr
as
um
s
lin
m
ov
em
en
t
tin
co
n
slump
outwash plain
valley glacier
cirque
drumlin
mass movement
loess
abrasion
continental glacier
ou
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
17
18
19
20
Windblown deposits composed of silt
continental glacier
loess
valley glacier
cirque
drumlin
mass movement
slump
abrasion
mudflow
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
12
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
gl
ac
ie
r
ci
rq
ue
m
dr
as
um
s
lin
m
ov
em
en
t
sl
um
p
ab
ra
si
on
m
ud
flo
w
lo
es
s
va
lle
tin
11
0%
y
en
ta
lg
la
ci
er
0%
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
A deep depression carved out by an alpine
glacier
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
0%
0%
0%
ab
ra
si
on
m
ud
flo
w
lo
es
s
0%
ue
0%
ci
rq
0%
p
dr
um
lin
0%
sl
um
0%
en
ta
lg
la
ou
ci
tw
er
as
h
pl
va
ai
lle
n
y
gl
ac
ie
r
0%
tin
continental glacier
outwash plain
valley glacier
slump
drumlin
cirque
loess
abrasion
mudflow
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Occurs when sand particles rub against the
surface of rocks
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
tin
11
12
13
14
15
0%
0%
0%
p
ab
ra
si
on
0%
sl
um
0%
lo
es
s
0%
ue
dr
um
lin
m
ov
em
en
t
0%
m
as
s
0%
en
ta
lg
la
ou
ci
tw
er
as
h
pl
va
ai
lle
n
y
gl
ac
ie
r
0%
ci
rq
continental glacier
outwash plain
valley glacier
cirque
drumlin
mass movement
loess
slump
abrasion
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
16
17
18
19
20
Where meltwater flows and deposits
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
ab
ra
si
on
m
ud
flo
w
0%
lo
es
s
0%
sl
um
tw
p
as
h
pl
ai
n
ci
rq
ue
m
dr
as
um
s
lin
m
ov
em
en
t
0%
ou
en
ta
lg
la
ci
er
0%
tin
continental glacier
slump
outwash plain
cirque
drumlin
mass movement
loess
abrasion
mudflow
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Swiftly moving mixture of mud and water
sometimes triggered by an earthquake
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
tin
11
12
13
14
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
ue
dr
um
lin
m
ov
em
en
t
m
ud
flo
w
ab
ra
si
on
sl
um
p
0%
15
m
as
s
0%
en
ta
lg
la
ou
ci
tw
er
as
h
pl
va
ai
lle
n
y
gl
ac
ie
r
0%
ci
rq
continental glacier
outwash plain
valley glacier
cirque
drumlin
mass movement
mudflow
abrasion
slump
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
16
17
18
19
20
A landslide in which earth material rotates
and slides along a curved surface
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0%
0%
0%
n
sl
um
p
0%
m
as
s
ab
ra
si
o
0%
lo
es
s
0%
ue
dr
um
lin
m
ov
em
en
t
0%
ci
rq
0%
en
ta
lg
la
ou
ci
tw
er
as
h
pl
va
ai
lle
n
y
gl
ac
ie
r
0%
tin
continental glacier
outwash plain
valley glacier
cirque
drumlin
mass movement
loess
abrasion
slump
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
15
16
17
18
19
20
An elongated landform produced when
glaciers move over older moraines
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
0%
0%
0%
0%
m
as
s
ab
ra
si
on
m
ud
flo
w
0%
lo
es
s
0%
ue
dr
um
lin
m
ov
em
en
t
0%
ci
rq
0%
en
ta
lg
la
ou
ci
tw
er
as
h
pl
va
ai
lle
n
y
gl
ac
ie
r
0%
tin
continental glacier
outwash plain
valley glacier
cirque
drumlin
mass movement
loess
abrasion
mudflow
co
n
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
15
16
17
18
19
20
After weathering processes take
place, mass movements may occur.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
Fa
ls
e
Tr
ue
0%
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
A landslide in which layers of snow
slide down a mountainside at speeds of
up to 300km/hr is a(n) rockslide.
1. True
2. False
0%
0%
ue
Tr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
Fa
14
15
16
e
ls
17
18
19
20
Because a heavy saturation of water
greatly increases the weight of soils, the
force of friction is more likely to pull
the material downhill.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
15
Fa
ls
e
Tr
ue
0%
16
17
18
19
20
The best way to reduce the number of
disasters related to mass movements is to
relocate people.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
Fa
ls
e
Tr
ue
0%
15
16
17
18
19
20
A method of transport by which strong
winds cause particles to stay airborne for
long distances is called saltation.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
Fa
ls
e
Tr
ue
0%
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
The structure shown in the illustration
below is shaped by wind-blown
sediments and is called a(n) ventifact.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
15
Fa
ls
e
Tr
ue
0%
16
17
18
19
20
Many parts of Earth’s surface are
covered by thick layers of windblown
silt that are called loess.
1. True
2. False
0%
0%
ue
Tr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
11
12
13
14
Fa
15
16
e
ls
17
18
19
20