Edible Earth Science
Engaging Earth Science
Presented by
David Crowther and John Cannon
University of Nevada, Reno (UNR)
Lou Loftin and Kelly Cannon
NWRPDP &WCSD
Mystery Bag
20 Questions
Only can answer Yes or No
Rock or Mineral ?
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Need 1 Silver Hershey Kiss
Need 1 Gold Hershey Kiss
Bite in Half
Draw what you see
Describe what you see
Definitions - Minerals
• Minerals – Made from Elements or
combination of elements, they are
consistent throughout (same – same).
• Few minerals are only single elements
(elemental minerals) including Sulfur,
Carbon, Silver, Gold, & Copper
• Most minerals (@ 4000) are a
combination of elements. (E.g.) Sodium
Chloride - Which is Halite or common table
salt.
Definitions – Minerals Cont.
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1. Must be naturally occurring
2. Must be inorganic
3. Must be a solid
4. Must possess an orderly internal
structure (atoms arranged in a definite
pattern)
• 5. Must have a chemical composition with
minimal variation within specified limits
Definitions - Rocks
• Rocks are an aggregate (mixture) of one
or more minerals, mineral-oids, glass, and
even organic matter in various
combinations.
• (E.g.) Feldspar, Quartz, Mica, and
Hornblende make up Granite.
• Have one or more Phases – phases are
defined boundaries between minerals.
Rock Cycle Song
Sung to Row Row Row Your Boat
• Sed-im-entary,
• Meta-morphic too
Igneous, Igneous, Igneous,
Igneous,
That’s the Rock Cycle!
Rock Song
Sung to “My Bonnie”
• Oh Igneous rock starts as magma.
It flows from deep under the sea.
It cools and it sometimes forms crystals.
And it can be found world round.
• Granite, Gabbro, Dolerite, Basalt and Obsidian
Granite, Gabbro, These are igneous rocks
• Now some rocks are laid down in layers
In the bottoms of oceans and lakes.
It takes many years to compress them
And sedimentary rocks it makes.
• Sandstone, Shale, Coal, and chalk and limestone,
Sandstone, shale, these are sedimentary rocks.
• Oh, some rocks are called metamorphic
Which means that the rock has been changed.
It takes pressure and heat to change it
And sometimes it looks kind of strange
• Marble, Slate, Garnets are found in metamorphic rock.
Marble, Slate, these are metamorphic rocks.
3 Basic Kinds of Cookies / Rocks
• Using the baggie of Mother’s cookies try to
determine which rock represents each
category:
• Metamorphic – Heat, Pressure & Time
• Sedimentary – laid down in layers over time
• Igneous – Born of fire
Plate Tectonics
• Look at the world map? Do you see any
patterns with the continents?
• How could they fit together?
Major Plates of the World
Plate Tectonics
• The Earth is constantly changing through two
forces: Constructive & Destructive.
– Constructive forces are those that are “Earth
Building,” like volcanoes and plate movement.
– Destructive forces are those that are recycling the
Earth, like Earthquakes and plate movement.
• There are three main types of plate boundaries:
– Convergent (Move toward one another)
• Subduction, collision,
– Divergent (Move away from one another)
– Transform (Slide horizontal from one another)
3 Kinds of Plate Boundaries
Plate Tectonics
Seven Rules of Plate Tectonics
• 1. Continental Crust is less dense, or
lighter, than Oceanic crust so it doesn’t
sink. It is never destroyed and it is
permanent.
• 2. Oceanic Crust is heavier so it can sink
below Continental crust. It is consistently
being formed and destroyed at ocean
ridges and trenches.
Plate Tectonics
Seven Rules of Plate Tectonics
• 3. Continental crust can carry on beyond the
edges of the land and finally end far below the
sea. This explains why the edges of all the
continents don’t have deep trenches right up
against their coast lines.
• 4. Plates never overlap, unless under very rare
conditions (i.e. Rocky Mountains). This means
that they must either collide and both be pushed
up to form mountains, or one of the plates must
be pushed down into the mantle and be
destroyed.
Plate Tectonics
Seven Rules of Plate Tectonics
• 5. There can never be gaps between
plates, so if two plates move apart, as in
the middle of the Atlantic, new rock will be
formed to fill the space.
• 6. We know the Earth isn’t getting bigger
or smaller, so the amount of new crust
being formed must be the same as the
amount being destroyed.
Plate Tectonics
Seven Rules of Plate Tectonics
• Plate movement is very slow. This is
partly why Wegener’s original ideas were
ignored. Nobody could “see” the
continents moving. When the plates make
a sudden movement we call it an
earthquake, and it is the ONLY time we
are directly aware of the plates moving.
Edible Earth movements
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Graham crackers
Fruit roll ups
Frosting
Paper plate
Small cup of water
Look at world map
Conclusions
• What we have known for about 40 years
still holds true. . .
“There is substantial evidence that children
and teachers can explain scientifically and
socially important science concepts in their
own words when the concepts are
presented in the hands-on manner and
problem solving reference that Dr. Karplus
invented in the learning cycle.”
A Love of Discovery – The second career of Robert Karplus. (Fuller, 2002,
p16).
Convergent Boundaries
Plate Tectonics
• Flip Book of Pangaea to Present
• Meat tray Plates. . . .
Evaluation:
• Can a rock be a mineral? Why or why not?
• Can a mineral be a rock? Why or why not?
Gelatin Volcano Molds
• Homework #1
• See packet for directions…
Science Notebooks
Courtesy of Dinah Zike, Dinah-Might Activities
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Take 5 sheets of plain computer paper
Take one of them:
Fold it like a hamburger
Measure 1 inch from each end on the spine & mark
Cut between the marks on the spine - like a sliver...
Take the other 4 sheets:
Fold them like a hamburger
Measure 1 inch from each end on the spine & mark
Cut from 1 inch mark to the end of spine on each end
Roll last 4 sheets - like a burrito - insert into slot in first
paper -unfold - wallah - you have a book!!
National Science Education
Standards
KWL or THC
• Know to Think about Rocks and minerals
• Want to learn to what I think? How can I find out
• (Later) What Learned to What do I Conclude
from activities, debriefing, discussion, and
assessments.
• THINK
HOW TO FIND OUT
CONCLUDE
Rock Cycle Game
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Begin at any station
Roll / visit at least 13 times
Record your journey in notebook
Write paragraph with at least three visits
that shows the Desert
• Write story about your journey
Apple as Earth
• How is the apple like the Earth
• Explore the parts
Volcanoes
• Parts of a Volcano (p. 129)
• 3 Most common types of volcanoes
– Cinder Cone
– Composite
– Shield
• Cake Batter Lava Flows
What do we conclude?
• Which candy situation eroded the fastest,
slowest? Why?
• What happens to rocks when they erode?
BSCS 5 E Learning Cycle
• Engagement – Hook – Introduces concept and activates
prior knowledge (MYSTERY BAG)
• Exploration – hands-on activity where experience allows
construction of knowledge (HERSHEY KISSES)
• Explanation – Through careful questioning, content is
conveyed (ROCKS & MINERALS)
• Elaboration – A second hands-on learning experiene
where the knowledge is used to extend new knowledge
or practice new knowledge (EROSION)
• Evaluation – both Formative (as you go) and Summative
– a project at the end etc.
History of Science Education
• Committee of 10 in 1910 – suggested learning
science become more meaningful
• 1958 – Sputnik
• 1962 – Robert Karplus visits daughters 2nd
grade classroom
• Karplus changes careers
• Visits Jean Piaget Institute in Switzerland
• Birth of the Learning Cycle in SCIS Program
ABC Science
Activity Before Content
• Karplus & Atkin The Learning Cycle (Published in ’62,
but named in ’70)(Exploration, Invention, & Discovery)
• Chester Lawson’s (geneticist in Michigan ‘58) same
discovery in Life Science – brought to Berkeley to work
on SCIS late 60’s
• Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) – The 5 E
Learning Cycle
• National Science Education Standards (1996)
• Formal K- 12 Science Curriculum using Learning Cycle
format (FOSS, SCIS 3+, Delta Science Modules,
TRACS, etc. (2000)
• 2004 – how many schools using kits K-6 @ < 50%??
Challenge
• Make science engaging and fun
• Connect to prior knowledge and
experience
• Use LOTS of hands-on experiences
• Use your ABC (Activity Before Content) or
Learning Cycle.
Apple - A - Day
• List 20 things that you can learn from this
apple using your 5 senses. . .
Apple - A - Day
Apple - A - Day
•Apple
•Apple
•Apple
Apple
Fossils
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8 sugar cubes
Glue together with Hot Glue
Cover up in cup with sand
Pour water over
Excavate. . .
History of Everything
• MYA = Million Years Ago
• 1 MYA = 1 millimeter
(e.g. 40 MYA = 40,000,000 = 4 centimeters)
• Make a timeline of everything
• Look at bookmark
• Compare Geological Periods to timeline
Erosion Activity
• 3 groups – lots of hard candy
• Slow moving stream (candy in place
between teeth and swish)
• Rock Tumblers – (move candy all around
mouth – use tongue – but no biting!)
• Rocks with rocks – (Bite candy into bits
and swish all around)
Process Skills of Science
Peanut Processes
• Inquiry
• Observation,
• Communication (written & oral)
Rocks & Minerals Flip Book
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Make 2 flip book
Rocks & Minerals on Cover
Draw rock and Mineral Kiss
Describe the kisses
Venn Diagram (on back)