A Summary of Terminology
in Linguistics
First Session
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Orientation to the Course
Introduction to Language & Linguistics
1. Definition of Language
2. The origins of language
3. Universal properties of language
4. The diversity of linguistics
CEN 6102 Session II
The sounds of language
Phonetics:
Key terms:
1. Articulator phonetics
2. Places of articulation
3. Manners of articulation
4. Suprasegmentals
5. Acoustic phonetics
CEN 6102 Session II/1
• A view of the vocal tract
• A magnetic resonance image of a mid-sagittal
section (side view slice of the vocal tract
CEN 6102 Session III
• Key terms.
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Phonology
Phonemes
Phones and allophones
Minimal pairs and set
Phonotactics
Syllable and clusters
Co-articulation effects
CEN 6102 Session IV
• Words and Their Parts:
• Key terms:
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Morphology
Morpheme and allomorph
Word formation processes
Multiple processes in word formation
Reduplication
Derivation and inflection
CEN 6102 Session V
• Word formation process
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Key terms:
Coinage
-Acronym
Borrowing
-Derivation
Compounding -Affixes
Blending
-Prefixes & Suffixes
Clipping
-Infixes
Backformation -Conversion
CEN 6102 Session VI
• The Structure of Sentences
• Part 1: Phrases and Sentences: Grammar
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Key terms:
Mental grammar
Linguistic etiquette
Descriptive grammar
CEN 6102 Syntax (Coninued)
Symbols used in syntactic description
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S Sentence
N
noun
Pro
pronoun
PN proper noun V
verb
Adj
adjective
Art article
Adv adverb
Prep preposition
NP noun phrase VP
verb phrase PP
prepositional
phrase
*
= ‘ungrammatical sequence’

=’consists of’
( ) = ‘optional constituent’
{ } = ‘one and only of these constituents must be selected’
CEN 6102 Session VII
• Meaning
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-Key terms
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Semantic roles
-Semantics
-Agent -Source
-What is Semantics?
-Theme -Goal
Conceptual meaning
-Instrument
Associative meaning
-Experience
Semantic features
-Location
Lexicon relations
-Types of lexicon relations
CEN 6102 Session VII/1
• Lexical Ambiguities
• Structural Ambiguities
• Lexico-categorial Ambiguities
CEN 6102 Session VII/2
• Semantic Roles and Syntactic Structures
• Semantic roles (sometimes, particularly in Generative
Grammar, also called Thematic roles or Theta roles) are
the roles played by participants in some situation. For
example, in Mary broke the egg, Mary initiates and
carries out the action of breaking and the egg is the
object affected by Mary’s breaking action. We could say
that Mary and the egg have the semantic roles of
Breaker and Breakee, respectively. However, this is only
a specific application to the verb break. There are more
general descriptions of Semantic Roles in different
situations
CEN 6102 Session VII/3 Exercises
Examples:
Allen sent the book to Mary.
Send <AGENT, THEME, GOAL>
HEADLINEs from Bangkok Post, August 16, 2010
1. UN stresses need for aid for Pakistan.
2. PM defends delay to bus lease project.
3. Asia pauses to recall end of World War II.
4. Off-road truck kills 8.
5. Downpours prompt flash flood warning in 16
provinces.
CEN 6102 Session VII/4
• Leading Questions
• 1. What are the differences between
conceptual meaning and associative
meaning?
• 2. Are there any associations between
Semantic roles and syntactic strctures?
• 3. Why words have many meanings?
CEN 6102 Session VIII
• What is Pragmatics?
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Invisible Meaning
Context
Deixis
Reference
Anaphora
Presupposition
Speech Acts
-Politeness
CEN 6102 Session IX
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What is Discourse?
Discourse analysis
How to interpret discourse?
Cohesion
-Coherence
Speech events
Conversational interaction
The co-operative principles
Background knowledge
CEN 6102 Session X
• Language, Culture and Society
• Key terms
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Sociolinguistics
Social dialects
Language and culture
Language universals
CEN 6102 Session X/1
• Language, Culture and Society (continued)
• Gender
• In contemporary English, there are many
reported differences in the talk of males and
females. In some gender pairs having
conversations, women generally discuss their
personal feelings more than males. Men
appear to prefer non-personal topics such as
sport and news