From Exclusion to Empowerment: The Role of
Information and Communication Technologies for
Persons with Disabilities
New Delhi | 26th November 2014
SESSION 13
Methods of Data Collection on ICT and
Persons with Disabilities in Brazil
About
CETIC UNESCO (*)
Regional Center of Studies
for the Development of the
Information Society
CETIC.br
Brazilian Internet
Brazilian Network
Steering Committee Information Center
1995
Latin Latin
America
and
America
andPortuguese
Portuguese
speaking
African countries
countries
speaking
African
2005
2012


Regional Center for Studies on the
Development of the Information
Society

Produce ICT indicators
and statistics
Promote the use of ICT
statistics for policymaking
and academic research
Monitor socioeconomic
impacts
Monitoring socioeconomic implications of ICTs
ICT surveys in Brazil
Internationally agreed
methodological frameworks
Monitoring
targets
Data on disabilities in Brazil
Existing statistics
General population
General population
10 years or older
and Internet users
Data on disabilities in Brazil
IBGE Census 2010
IBGE Census 2010 included indicators on four types of disabilities related to
seeing, hearing, walking and mental/intellectual.
Questions covered the difficulty to perform daily activities and the level of such
difficulty, in compliance to the Census Questions on Disabilities endorsed by the
Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics.
QUESTION: Do you have permanent difficulty seeing? (even if wearing
glasses)
1. Yes – can’t see at all
2. Yes – a lot of difficulty
3. Yes – some difficulty
4. No – no difficulty
Person with severe disability
Person with disability
Data on disabilities in Brazil
IBGE Census 2010
Brazilian population: 23,9% had at least one type of disability (45,6 MM):

The most prevalent difficulty was seeing (18,6%), followed by walking (7%),
hearing (5,1%) and mental or intellectual (1,4%).
Considering severe levels of disabilities:

8,3% of the population had at least one of the surveyed disabilities in 2010.
The most prevalent severe disability was related to seeing (3,46%).
Gender, age and geographical region:

Women reported disabilities more than men (26,5% versus 21,2%).

67,7% of the population aged 65 years old or older reported some type of
disability in any level, while 41,8% reported a severe level of disability.

Northeast region had the highest proportion of the population reporting
disabilities (26,6%).
Data on disabilities in Brazil
Mixed mode of data collection
Statistics on:



Persons with
disabilities
ICT and persons with
disabilities
Web accessibility
Probability
Sample Survey
Statistics on:

Web accessibility
Automated
Data Collection
Qualitative data:

Focus group and indepth interviews with
persons with
disabilities
Qualitative
Research
ICT and persons with disabilities
Methods of data collection
Mixed modes of data collection on persons with
disabilities and the use of ICTs
Approach
Data collection method
Project
Quantitative
Nationwide annual sample
survey
ICT Household
Survey
Automated data
Use of web crawler
collection tool
Qualitative
Focus-groups and in-depth
interviews
“.gov.br” Web
Census
Web
Accessibility
study
ICT Households Survey
Sociodemographic variables
CETIC.br’s ICT Households Survey has been collecting data regarding each member of the
household since 2006. Three ICT related indicators are:
 Use of Computer in the household in the last 3 months;
 Use of Internet in the household in the last 3 months;
 Ownership of a mobile phone;
ICT related
indicators
Members of
the
household
ICT Households Survey
Data collection on disabilities
(since 2010)
Measuring disabilities by proxy related to
limitations in basic activity functioning:

Seeing
IBGE Census

Hearing

Walking
Washington Group
on Disability
Statistics

Mental/Intellectual

Hands movement
Based on
questions adapted
from IBGE Census
Relevant for the use of ICTs
Difficulties in firmly holding items such as cutlery or a pen.
This was aimed at classifying persons with physical
disabilities related to the upper body, such as hands and arms
“gov.br” Web Census Project
Context and scope
“The most valuable contribution of the Web is social”
“More important than its technological dimension, is that it is
an environment for human communication, commercial
transactions, government relations and sharing knowledge”
Web Crawler
Data Analyzer
“gov.br” Web Census Project
Key concepts for the
automated data collection
 website1.gov.br
 website2.gov.br
 website3.gov.br
 website4.gov.br
...
 websiten.gov.br
WEB
Content search
(text only)
Web Crawler and
Analysis Tools
Extraction of new URLs
 new URL1
 new URL2
 new URL3
...
Analysis
& Reports
Database
“gov.br” Web Census Project
Category of indicators
A1: Overall size of the “.gov.br":
nr. of Websites and pages
B1: Proportion of Websites using
IPv6 Protocol
Accessibility
A2: Overall size of the “.gov.br”:
size in Gigabytes
C1: Distribution of use of
languages in the “.gov.br” Web
E1: Proportion of Web pages
compliant with W3C HTLM
standards
F1: Proportion of Web pages
compliant with ASES accessibility
standards
B2: Proportion of Websites using
alternative IPv6 domain
G1: Proportion of type of objects
used in Web pages
B3: Proportion of Websites
which respond to Ping IPv6
G2: Proportion of types of
technologies used in Web pages
B4: Proportion of Websites
which respond to GET command
at the IPv6 address
H1: Average age (last updated) of
“.gov.br” Web pages
Compliance with W3C HTML standards
Proportion of websites
compliant with standards
Status of Validation
2010
2011
Validated
5,02%
6,38%
Non validated
90,74%
86,45%
Impossible to validate
4,24%
7,17%

Pages often had less than 10 errors (37,27%), but there was a large
proportion that had more than 100 errors (14,17%) during the
validation process.

This data suggests that the majority of the pages are not far from
being compliant with the standards.
Compliance with Priority Levels - ASES
Proportion of websites
compliant with standards
Status of Validation
2010
2011
Non Compliance
98,00%
95,18%
Priority 1 (A)
1,14%
3,71%
Priority 2 (AA)
0,23%
0,13%
Priority 3 (AAA)
0,63%
0,98%

The analysis on accessibility reveals that there is much that can
be done to improve Web accessibility at the “.gov.br” web
pages.

Only 4,82% of the webpages were compliant with any of the
levels of accessibility (“A”, “AA” or “AAA”).
Measuring Web accessibility
Qualitative approach

Concepts of Web Accessibility and Universal Design

Qualitative data to complement quantitative sample
survey
Expert group on ICT and Accessibility
Measuring Web accessibility
Qualitative approach

Aimed at conducting an exploratory study on Web
accessibility;

Internet use: benefits and barriers
o Location of Internet access
o Frequency of use
o ICT skills
o Online activities: communication, leisure, education,
banking, e-government, e-commerce
o General issues on browsing the Internet
o Assistive technologies
Measuring Web accessibility
Qualitative techniques for
data collection
QUALITATIVE
APPROACH
PROFILE
Focus Group
Children without
disabilities
7-9 y.o. SES “B & C”
Internet users
Focus Group
Adults without
disabilities
30 y.o.+ SES “B & C”
Internet users
Focus Group
Persons that are blind
Persons with physical
Focus Group
disabilities (upper
body)
Persons with low
In-depth Interview
vision
In-depth Interview Persons that are deaf
Internet users
Internet users
Internet users
Internet users
Measuring Web accessibility
Respondent’s voice
"It's horrible, is the most polluted site on earth, I cannot find anything. The site has
more information than you need.“ [Adult, Internet user]
"The other day I went online to buy tickets to the movies, because you can book
your seat. But for you to select the seat, you must click on a tiny dot.“ [Adult,
Internet user, person with physical disability]
"Oh, at first I didn’t have much patience to listen to software. It was too much talking.
But then we got along when I started to search for recipes online.” [Adult, Internet
user, person that is blind]
"If I click here and do something wrong, will everyone see?” [Adult, Internet user]
"I go to the window that says “GOG –” something. Then I write, Barbie games and
they appear. My cousin taught me.“ [Children, Internet user]
Data and statistics for
Evidence-based policymaking
“The impact of policy can be measured with good statistics. If policy
cannot be measured it is not good policy.” (Othman, 2005)
PRODUCTION OF INDICATORS
AND STATISTICS
o
Reliable
o
Policy relevant
o
Timely (to inform policy
decisions)
o
Accessible to all key
stakeholders
o
Cost-effective
o
Interdisciplinary enough to
address cross-cutting issues
ICT Statistics
and
Indicators
Internationally
comparable
data
Policy-relevant
data analysis
Policy
making
o
Empowering and
inclusive policies
Thank you
www.cetic.br
msozio@nic.br
@ComuNICbr
Facebook.com/nic.br