Classification Of Matter
Integrated Science
Dr. May
Matter
• Anything that has mass and occupies space
is defined as matter
• Matter may be invisible to the eye
• All matter is composed of discrete, tiny
particles called atoms
Physical States Of Matter
• All matter exists in one of three physical
states:
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
Solid Matter
• Definite shape and definite volume
• Particles cohere rigidly to one another
• Shape can be independent of the container
• May be crystalline (salt, sugar, metal) or
• May be amorphous (plastic, glass, gels)
Liquid Matter
• Definite volume but not a definite shape
• Particles adhere firmly but not rigidly
• Takes the shape of the storage container
• Particles are in close contact with one
another but are able to move freely
Gaseous Matter
• Indefinite volume and no fixed shape
• Particles move independently of each other
• Particles have gained enough energy to
overcome the attractive forces that held
them together as solids and liquids
Substance
• Matter with a definite, fixed composition is
called a substance
• Pure substances are either
• Elements or
• Compounds
Homogeneous
• Uniform in appearance
• Same properties throughout
• Water in each phase is homogeneous in
composition
Ice Is Solid H2O
Heterogeneous
• Matter having two or more physically
distinct phases
• Ice, water, and steam are each homogeneous
• But, ice in water is heterogeneous and
• Boiling water is heterogeneous
Mixtures
• A material containing two or more pure
substances
• Can be either
• Homogeneous or
• Heterogeneous
Classification of Matter
Matter
Pure Substances
(Homogeneous)
Elements
Compounds
Mixture of two or more substances
Solutions
(Homogeneous
Compositions)
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
(Two or more phases)
Physical Properties
• Can be determined without altering the
composition of the material
•
•
•
•
Density
Melting and boiling point
Odor and color
State of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)
Chemical Property
• Ability of a substance (H2) to form new
substances (H2O)
• By reacting with another substance (O2)
2 H2 + O2  2 H2O
or
• By decomposition
H2CO3  H2O + CO2
Physical Change
• Any change in a property of matter that
does not result in a change in identity
•
•
•
•
Chopping wood
Freezing water
Melting sugar
Grinding coffee
Chemical Change
• Any change in which one or more
substances are converted into different
substances with different characteristic
properties
• Burning wood
• Burning sugar
• Adding sodium to water
Indications Of Chemical Reactions
• Evolution of heat and light
Burning propane
• Production of a gas
Soda and vinegar
• Formation of a precipitate
Silver nitrate in salt water
The End
• This presentation was created for the benefit
of our students by the Science Department
at Howard High School of Technology
• Please send suggestions and comments to
rmay@nccvt.k12.de.us