实验课件1 2012-11

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Microbiology experiments
李玉军
讲师
病原学馆319室
实验室要求
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物品放于走廊柜子内
穿白服
禁止吃东西、喝水
零食、水等禁止带入实验室
禁止开窗
值日
出勤
Project
 Laboratory Diagnosis of Pathogenic
Enterobacterial Infection
 Isolation and identification of pyogenic cocci
 微生物实验基本技能
 细菌形态和特殊结构观察
 流感病毒的血清学检测
考核方法
 出勤 3’ ×5
 报告 5’ ×5
 考试 60’
消毒、灭菌及无菌操作
 热力灭菌法
 干热灭菌器:160~170℃,维持2h
 高压蒸气灭菌:103kPa(121℃ ),维持15~
30min
 紫外线灭菌
 265nm,破坏DNA构型,干扰复制
 常用消毒剂
 无菌操作技术
 普通实验室
 超净工作台
 生物安全
微生物实验基本技能
 微生物实验基本方法
 Bacterial culture
 Staining of bacteria
 Use of oil-immersion microscope
 细菌分离培养
 Pyogenic cocci
 Pathogenic enterobacteria
培养基制备
培养基种类
半固体培养基:适合保存细菌
斜面培养基:适合细菌的纯培养
液体培养基:适合细菌的扩增
培养基种类
细菌培养法
 PURPOSE :
To obtain information about bacterial
biological characteristics
 METHODS :
平板划线法
斜面培养法
液体培养法
穿刺接种法
isolation and culture
pure culture
平板划线法(Streak Plate Method)
 PURPOSE:
Isolation and culture of bacteria growing
together in a specimen
平板划线法
RESULT:
observe the location and characteristics of
the bacterial colonies:
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Size
Shape: circular, irregular, spreading
Color
Density: transparent, or opaque
Elevation
Margin
Hemolysis
Surface: rough or smooth, dry or moist.
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
纯种细菌培养法
液体培养法(Liquid Medium Culture)
穿刺培养法(Stab Culture)
斜面培养法(Agar Slope Method)
液体培养法细菌生长情况
菌
膜
对
照
沉淀
均匀浑浊
穿刺培养法细菌生长情况
有动力
无动力
有动力
Staining of Bacteria
 PURPOSE :
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To make bacteria more easily observable
To acquaint you with Gram stain
Gram stain
 涂片(Smear): size of a dime to
form a thin film
 干燥(Dry) : air dry
 固定(Fix): through the warm
air above the flame two or three
times.
Gram stain
 Results:
 typical shapes and colors of the
bacteria.
 Gram positive bacteria are violet
colored and Gram negative cells are
red colored.
油浸镜的使用
Use of The Oil-immersion Microscope
Isolation and identification
of pyogenic cocci
Laboratory Diagnosis
of Pathogenic Enterobacterial Infection
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