維他命C含量測定

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Determination of Vitamin C
維他命C含量之測定
• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water soluble antioxidant, and
plays a vital role in protecting the body.
• It can be obtained from citrus fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, and
fresh vegetables, particularly from red and green peppers.
• The minimum daily requirement is 30 mg, the recommended
daily allowance is 60-70 mg.
• The formula for ascorbic acid is C6H8O6 and the structures
for the reduced form and for the oxidized form
(dehydroascorbic acid) are
• The amount of ascorbic acid can be determined by a redox
titration with a standardized solution of iodine. The iodine
is reduced by the ascorbic acid to form iodide.
1 IO3- + 5 I - + 6 H+  3 I2 + 3 H2O
C6H8O6 + I2  C6H6O6 + 2 I- + 2 H+
• The titration end point is reached when a slight excess of
iodine is added to the ascorbic acid solution.
• The reaction with potassium iodate titration utilizes starch
as the indicator.
• When all of the ascorbic acid has reacted with the KIO3,
the excess KIO3 oxidizes the KI produced in the reaction
(which is colorless) to I2 which forms a deep blue color
with the starch indicating that the reaction is complete.
Procedure
Part 1: Preparation of iodine solution :
0.1g of potassium iodate and 2g of potassium
iodide were weighted accurately by an electric
balance.
Then was dissolved in 50 mL distilled water
and 1 mL conc. HCl.
 It was then dissolved in a volumetric flask
to make up to 250 mL iodine solution.
Part 2: Preparation of vitamin C
 Accurately weigh out a sample of ascorbic acid
(about 0.3 g) .
The sample was dissolved in distilled water.
 It was made up to 100 mL by a volumetric flask.
Part 3:Titration of iodine solution against vitamin C.
• The burette was filled up with the standard iodine
solution.
• 25 mL of the vitamin C solution, were pipetted out and
added into a conical flask. Starch was added as an
indicator in this moment.
• Titrate with the standard iodine solution until the first
appearance of a blue endpoint.
• Do a total of three accurate titrations with one
standard solution. Determine the average molarity of
your sample. Determine the standard deviation of that
average.
試題規範
• 操作時間:三小時三十分
• 操作說明:碘酸根離子和過量之碘離子
於酸性下反應,可生成碘,利用其與維
他命C之氧化還原反應,可用以定量維他
命C。
操作步驟
1. 碘溶液之配製:
(1) 精秤約0.1 g乾燥之KIO3,放入150 mL燒杯
中,並加入約2 g KI。
(2) 以50 mL去離子水及1 mL濃鹽酸將其完全溶
解,並定量至250 mL。
2. 維他命C之定量:
(1) 精秤維他命C約0.3 g,以去離子水溶解,並
定量至100 mL。
(2) 取上述溶液25 mL,加入1 mL 3%偏磷酸溶
液,再加入1mL 0.5%澱粉溶液。
(3) 用碘溶液滴定至終點,再重覆滴定二次,求
維他命C之平均值。
分析原理
• 碘酸鉀中之碘酸根離子(IO3-)與碘化鉀之碘
離子(I-,過量)在酸性(濃鹽酸)下反應可
生成碘分子(I2)(如此配製而成之溶液稱為碘
溶液)。
• 而碘分子則會與維他命C反應後還原為碘離子,
因此可以用碘溶液當做標定液,並用澱粉當做
指示劑來測定維他命C的含量。
• 當碘溶液剛開始滴入到維他命C溶液中時,因為
維他命C將碘溶液中的碘分子還原為碘離子,所
以溶液雖會有藍色出現但很快會消失
• 而直到滴定終點,當維他命C已耗盡,則碘分子
與澱粉液產生藍色且維持30秒不褪色。
• 由此滴定結果可進一步計算求出溶液中
維他命C的含量。其反應方程式如下:
IO3- + 5 I- + 6H+ → 3 I2 + 3 H2O
C6H8O6 + I2 → C6H6O6 + 2 I- + 2H+
(維他命C)
(去氫維他命C)
計算
• 由以上反應方程式知一莫耳碘酸鉀反應之後可
產生三莫耳的碘分子,而一莫耳碘分子則恰可
與一莫耳之維他命C反應。其計量方程式如下:
操作指引 : (一)碘溶液之配製
精秤約0.1 g乾燥之KIO3

放入150 mL燒杯內

再加入約2 g KI

加50 mL去離子水及1mL濃鹽酸,
並攪拌將之溶解

將溶解之溶液倒入250 mL量瓶中

用水潤洗燒杯數次,並將洗液併入量
瓶中(注意水勿過量)

將量瓶加水稀釋至刻度線,並倒置震盪均勻
操作指引 : (二)維他命C之定量
精秤約0.3g 之維他命C

放入150 mL燒杯內,加水並攪拌將之溶解

將溶解之溶液倒入100 mL量瓶中

用水潤洗燒杯數次,並將洗液併入量瓶中
(注意水勿過量)

將量瓶加水稀釋至刻度線,並倒置震盪均勻
以 球型 吸量管吸取25 mL試樣
溶液於250 mL錐形瓶中

加入1 mL 3%偏磷酸溶液,再加入
1 mL 0.5%澱粉溶液
用碘溶液滴定至終點,再重覆滴定兩
次(至產生藍色維持30秒不褪色,即
達滴定終點)

記錄碘溶液用量
結果報告
相對標準偏差(standard deviation)
Σ X i  X 
n 1
2
SD=
X :數據平均值
A.碘溶液之配製
HCl
(1)精秤約0.1g乾燥之
KIO3放入150mL燒杯中
並加入2g的KI。
(2)以約50mL純水將其
完全溶解後再加入
1mL濃鹽酸。再以定
量瓶稀釋至250mL。
B.維他命C之定量
(3)精秤維他命C
約0.3g以純水溶
解之並以量瓶定
量稀釋至100mL。
(4)以移液管精取上述溶液
25mL,再以吸量管加入
1mL3%偏磷酸溶液,再加
入1mL0.5%澱粉溶液。
(5)用碘溶液滴定至
終點,再重複滴定
二次,求維他命C
之平均值。
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