Physiology
Exam 1 Study
chapters 1-5
1
The cytoplasm includes all
material inside the cell
membrane except for_____.
2
Nucleus
3
Which elements make up
90% of your body’s mass?
4
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
5
The alpha helix and pleated
sheets are examples of ____
structure proteins.
6
Secondary
7
A sequence of amino acids
are examples of ____
structure proteins.
8
Primary
9
Fibrous proteins (Collagen)
and Globular proteins
(Hemoglobin) are examples
of ____ structure proteins.
10
Quaternary
structure
11
A 5M solution of 0.100 mL
glucose contains how many
grams of glucose? (m.w. of
glucose is 180g)
12
M = #mols of solute
L of solution
90g glucose
13
Name the six
nonmembraneous organelles
14
Cilia
Centrioles
Microvilli
Cytoskeleton
Flagella
Ribosomes
15
How many primary tissue
types are in the human body?
16
Four
17
What are the primary tissue
types in the body?
18
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Neural
19
Plasma is to blood as ____ is
to cytoplasm.
20
Cytosol
21
Clathrin and Caveolae are
used in which process by the
cell to bring molecules in to
the cytoplasm?
22
Endocytosis
23
How does potocytosis differ
from endocytosis?
24
Potocytosis uses caveolae
rather than clathrin coated
pits to bring molecules into
the cell.
25
What happens to
macromolecules that are too
large to enter or leave cells
through protein channels or
carriers?
26
Cells use two basic
mechanisms to import
large molecules and
particles: phogocytosis and
endocytosis.
27
In osmosis water always
moves towards the ___
solution, that is the solution
with the ___ concentration of
solute.
28
Hypertonic,
Higher
29
During osmosis, what
happens to water once all
concentrations are equal?
30
Net movement
of water stops.
31
What are the units of osmotic
pressure?
32
atmospheres
(atm) or millimeters
of mercury (mm Hg)
33
If a cell is place in solution A
and it swells, solution A is
____.
34
Hypotonic
35
If a cell is place in solution B
and it shrinks, solution B is
____.
36
Hypertonic
37
If a cell is place in solution C
and it doesn’t change size,
solution C is ____.
38
Isotonic
39
The framework of cilia,
flagella, centriole, and
mitotic spindle is formed by
____.
40
Microtubels
41
What cellular specialization
causes fluid to flow over the
epithelial surface?
42
Cilia
43
What is the main component
of cytosol?
44
Water
45
What layer of skin protects
from bacterial, chemical, and
mechanical injuries?
46
Epidermis
47
What layer of skin contains
adipose tissue?
48
Hypodermis
49
What is the movement of
molecules across the cell
membrane with the aid of a
membrane protein?
50
Facilitated
diffusion
51
Where are receptors molecules
for chemical signaling
located?
52
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
53
What is a bond in which
atoms are completely lost or
gained during bonding?
54
Ionic Bond
55
What is a molecule whose
shared electrons are
distributed so evenly that
there are no regions of partial
charge?
56
Non-polar
molecules
57
What is an antioxidant?
58
A molecule that
alters free
radicals
59
What would we expect from
a cell with an extensive
Golgi Apparatus?
60
Secretion of a
lot of material
61
What would we expect from
a cell with a large number of
Mitochondria?
62
Production of
large amounts of
energy (ATP).
63
You conduct a study on 20
18 year olds (subjects) to see
how intensity of exercise
influence heart rate. What is
the dependent variable?
64
Heart rate
65
You conduct a study on 20
18 year olds (subjects) to see
how intensity of exercise
influence heart rate. What is
the independent variable?
66
Intensity of
exercise
67
What is a bond that results
when two atoms share a pair
of electrons, one from each
atom?
68
Covalent bond
69
Of the following bonds;
hydrogen, covalent, and Van
der Waals Forces, which
bond usually requires input
of energy to be broken?
70
Covalent
bonds
71
The cells of any tissue are
held together by specialized
connections called_____.
72
Cell Junctions
73
_____ junctions create
cytoplasmic communication
bridges between adjoining cells
so that chemical and electrical
signaling pass rapidly from one
cell to the next.
74
Gap Junctions
75
What cell junction are
occluding.
76
Tight junctions
77
Which type of junctions
create what is called the
blood-brain barrier?
78
Tight junctions
79
Which type use Cadherin
proteins?
80
Desmosomes
(anchoring junctions)
81
Which type of junctions
Connexin proteins?
82
Gap junctions
83
What is protein specificity?
84
The ability of a protein to
bind to a specific ligand
or group of closely
related molecules.
85
True or False? One function
of a membrane protein is to
produce energy.
86
False
87
Cytoplasmic protein fibers
come in three sizes. Which
is the largest?
88
Microtubles
89
Cytoplasmic protein come in
three sizes. Which is the
smallest?
90
Micro filaments
91
Cytoplasmic protein come in
three sizes. Which is the
mid-size?
92
Intermediate
filaments
93
What is a molecule that binds
to another molecule?
94
Ligand
95
What is a ligand that binds to
enzymes and membrane
transporters.
96
Substrates
97
The internal skeleton of a
cell is composed of what?
98
Micro filaments
Microtubels
Intermidiate filaments
99
How do proteins and other
substances get from the
endoplasmic reticulum to the
Golgi Apparatus?
100
Vesicles
101
In the cell what are the sacs
that digest things called?
102
Lysosomes
103
Where in the cell are lipids
manufactured?
104
Smooth ER
105
What is a major difference of
active transport and
facilitated diffusion?
106
Facilitated
diffusion does not
require ATP
107
True of False? One function
of the cytoskeleton is to
maintain a critical size limit
on the cell.
108
False
109
What is it called when a
group of carrier proteins
operate at its maximum rate?
110
Saturation
111
Name the two ways the
selectivity of a channel is
determined.
112
Diameter of its central pore
Electrical Charge of the
amino acids that line the
channel
113
This type of channel spends
most of its time in a closed
state?
114
Gated channels
115
This type of channel allows
ions to move back and forth
across the membrane without
regulation and is sometimes
called “leak channels or
pores?”
116
Open Channels
117