Protista and Fungi
Continued……
Heba Al-Tamimi 
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Eukarya
Protista
Euglenozoa
Alveolata
Plant
Fungi
Amoebozoa
Animal
Chlorophyta
Stramenopila
(Green algae)
Phylum
Phylum
Bacillariophyta
Phaeophyta
(diatoms)
(brown alage)
Volvox
Spirogyra
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STRAMENOPILA

Have hairy flagellum

We will study 2 phyla


Phylum Bacillariophyta (diatoms)
Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae)
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PHYLUM BACILLARIOPHYTA
diatomaceous
earth
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Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae)
Plant-like organism called seaweeds and
kelps
 Have chl a & c and large amount of pigment
(fucoxanthin)

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PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA (BROWN ALGAE)

e.x : Fucus
Male
antheridia
Female
oogonia
CHLOROPHYTA (GREEN ALGAE)


As a higher plant, it has chl a &b and other
pigments
We will study 2 examples :
Volvox
 Spirogyra

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VOLVOX



Complex green algae consist of cells aggregated
in colonies
Asexual: forming daughter colonies(gonidia)
Sexual: forming oogonia and antheridia .
Daughter
colony
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SPIROGYRA

Spirogyra are filamentous algae
having spiral chloroplasts
Sexual: conjugation
 asexual :fragmentation

conjugation
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Kingdom Fungi
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI





Fungi are NOT plants
Lack true roots, stems or
leaves
Nonphotosynthetic
Most are multicellular,
except unicellular yeast
Absorptive heterotrophs
(digest food first & then
absorb it into their bodies)
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI
 Cell
walls are made of chitin
(complex polysaccharide)
 Grow
as microscopic tubes
or filaments called hyphae
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGI

The bodies of multicellular fungi are composed of
many hyphae tangled together into a thick mass
called a mycelium.
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MODIFICATIONS OF HYPHAE
 Fungi
may be classified based on
hyphae segmentation
 Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa)
 Septate (with septa)
NO
CROSS
WALLS
CROSS
WALLS
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HOW DO FUNGI REPRODUCE?
 Most
fungi reproduce both asexually and
sexually.
 We
must know two terms:
 Plasmogamy
 Karyogamy
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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION


hyphae from 2 mating types (+ and -)
FUSE( plasmogamy )
Hours, days, or(in some fungi )even centuries
may pass between plasmogamy and the next
stage in the sexual cycle ,karyogamy.
+
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THREE TYPES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Fragmentation – part of the mycelium
becomes separated & begins a life of its
own
 Budding – a small cell forms from
mother cell

 Used

by yeasts
Asexual spores – production of spores by
a single mycelium
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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
 Types
of
Fruiting Bodies:
Basidia
Sporangia
Ascus
Sporangia
Basidia
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asci
zygosporangia
basidia
Classification
& Phylogeny
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Eukaryote
Protista
Fungi
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Rhizopus
Morchella
Peziza
Plant
Animal
Basidiomycota
Mushroom
Puccina graminis
Penicillium
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ZYGOMYCOTA
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ZYGOMYCOTA

Characterized by production of thick –
walled spore called zygospore which
develops within zygosporangium
ZYGOMYCOTA
Sexual spores are
produced by
conjugation when (+)
hyphae and (-)
hyphae fuse
 Sexual spores are
called ZYGOSPORES

Sporangium
(Asexual)
Zygosporangium
(sexual)
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ASCOMYCOTA
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CHARACTERISTICS
Called Sac fungi
 Have 2 form :
 Unicellular as yeast

(Saccharomyces) produced
asexually by budding
 Multicellular
as Penicillium
SEXUAL(ASCOSPORES)
Morchella
Pezziza
Ascus - sac that contains ascospores in sexual reproduction
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ASEXUAL
 Yeasts
reproduce
asexually by budding
(buds break off to
make more yeast cells)
means of
spores(conidia)
produced by
conidiophores
Saccharomyces
 By
CONIDIA
Penicillium
BASIDIOMYCOTA
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BASIDIOMYCOTA
Called Club fungi
 Basidiocarp (fruiting
body) is a flattened
cap with gills having
Basidia
 Basidiospores are
found on basidia

WHEAT RUST
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GO TO WORK…
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