Chapter 2.1
Oxygen
65%
Carbon
18.5%
Hydrogen
9.5%
Nitrogen
3.3%
Calcium
1.5%
Phosphorus
1%
Other 19 elements
1.2%
Create a circle graph using
this data
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorus
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Atoms are the basis of compounds using
chemical bonds to create molecules
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Inside cells, bonds of atoms are broken down
to form new molecules releasing energy.
Cells use this chemical energy for life
activities.
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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
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Provide energy
Simple carbohydrates are broken down.
Simple carbs link to form complex carbs like
starch, cellulose, glycogens.
Stored excess plant
sugars
Cell wall material
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Fats, oils and waxes
Form chains of fatty acids
Don’t mix with water
Form the cell membrane and organelle
membranes
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Made up of amino acids.
Enzymes are proteins that control chemical
reactions in the cells.
Support the growth and repair of living
matter
Allow muscles to move
Proteins in your blood fight infections
Transport materials into and out of cell.
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Molecules that hold the instructions for the
maintenance, growth and reproduction of cell
Subunits are nucleotides
Two types
◦ DNA – provides the information needed to make
proteins
◦ RNA –coded nucleotides in DNA that provides
information to cytoplasm to produce proteins.
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Which large molecule…
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Forms the cell membrane
Transports material in and out of the cell
Starch and cellulose is a plant produced type
Made from amino acids
Form chains of fatty acids
Provides energy
Holds the genetic instruction for the cell
Subunit is nucleotides
Support the growth of tissue and muscles in
particular
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Water is polar
Many
substances
dissolve in
water
Lipids in the
cell membrane
keep water in
and out of the
cell