• Appearance: Large Oval
• Location: varies
• Function: Control center
for all cell functions
• Appearance: Clear fluid
• Location: Inside the cell
membrane
• Function: Suspends organelles;
site of chemical reactions
• Appearance: Round structure inside the nucleus
• Location: Inside the nucleus
• Function:
• Site of RNA synthesis
• Produces ribosomes
• Appearance: surrounds cell
• Location:
–Plant: inside the cell wall
–Animal: outer layer
»Semipermeable
»Composed of lipids & proteins
• Function: Controls materials in and out of the
cell
• Appearance: mesh of hollow
sheets with ribosomes attached
• Location: Connected to the nucleus
and plasma membrane
• Function:
• Rough: acts like a conveyer
belt and transports proteins
Rough ER
• Appearance: mesh of hollow sheets
• Location: Connected to the nucleus and plasma
membrane
• Function:
• Smooth: produces lipids
• Appearance: Small,
dense granules
• Location: Free in the
cytoplasm; attached to
the ER
-proteins made are used by
the cell or moved out
and used by other cells
• Function: Synthesize
proteins
• Appearance: Flattened sacs
• Location: Near the ER
• Function: Temporary storage, packaging and
secretion of proteins and fats
– Produces lysosomes
• Appearance: usually bean shaped with folded
membranes (greater surface area-hence more
energy)
• Location: Many mitochondria in a cell!
• Function: Powerhouse of the
cell (energy production ATP)
• Appearance: Cavities filled with fluid
• Location:
• Plant: usually 1 large water-filled vacuole
(maintains structure)
• Animal: many tiny vacuoles
• Function: Storage of water, starch, fats, etc
• Two types:
–Contractile vacuole: removes water and
wastes
–Food vacuole: breaks down food
• Appearance: Egg shaped-membrane bound
structure
• Produced by the Golgi Bodies
• Location: ONLY found in animal cells
• Function: Contain digestive enzymes that break
down molecules
• Aid in the digestion of nutrients
• Break down destructive cells (bacteria)
• Appearance: Network of
thin, fibrous proteins
(microtubules &
microfilaments)
• Location: Entire cell
• Function: Acts as sort of a
scaffold to provide support
for organelles
– Helps maintain cell shape
• Appearance: Long, threadlike
proteins
• Location: A part of
cytoskeleton
• Function: Associated with
muscle contractions in large
organisms
– Associated with cell
movement
• Appearance: Thin, hollow
cylinders of proteins
• Location: A part of
cytoskeleton
• Function: Provide shape and
rigidity to the cell
• Assist organelles to move
from place to place within
the cell
• Appearance: thin hair-like
projections
• Location: Formed from
specialized microtubules
• Attached to outside of cell
• Function: Aid in movement
and locomotion (intestinal
cells)
• Appearance: Whiplike tails
• Location: Formed
from specialized
microtubules
• Attached to
outside of cell
• Function: Aid in
movement and
locomotion
(sperm)
• Appearance: Strings of “spaghetti”
• Location: inside nucleus
• Function: Uncoiled DNA; involved in
duplicating the cells
– Coils into chromosomes during cell division
• Appearance: Coiled chromatin
• Location: inside nucleus
• Function: Contains genetic information (DNA)
• Appearance: Two small structures
• Location: Found inside the centrosome (only
in animal cells)
• Function: Moves chromosomes during cell
division
• Appearance: varies
• Have own DNA
• Location: ONLY in plants
• Function: based on type:
Leucoplast (store starch),
chromoplast (store pigments),
chloroplast
• Appearance: Small, circular,
green (contains chlorophyllgreen pigment
• Location: ONLY in plants
• Function: Site of
photosynthesis
• Appearance:
• Made of cellulose
• Rigid, strong, stiff structure
• Location: Surrounds cell membrane
(only in plants)
• Function: Support & protection
• Allows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out
of cell
• All the organelles work together!
–For example, after some proteins are
made by the ribosomes, the rough ER
transports these proteins to the golgi
apparatus, then the golgi makes
vesicles that can fuse with the cell’s
plasma membrane to release proteins
to the environments outside the cellor
used within the cell..
Microfilaments
Golgi Body
Ribosomes
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Chromatin
Microtubule
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Nucleus
Plasma
Membrane
Ribosomes
Microtubule
Microfilaments
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Plasma
Membrane
Golgi Body
Chromatin
Smooth ER
Nucleus
Rough ER