Cell Activity Videos
1) Plant Cells
2) Mitosis
3) Phagocytosis
4) Listeria
Additional Videos
Meiosis
Mitosis 2
Mitosis 3
5) Neutrophil
Exocytosis 2
Exocytosis 3
6) Exocytosis
Bacteria 2
7) Bacteria
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 2 : Slide 1 Optional
Where are proteins in our bodies?
Testing for Protein
Where are proteins in chicken parts?
Part being tested
Prediction – Is protein
present?
Result – Is protein present?
Mixing solution without any
chicken
skin
liver
muscle
fat
bone
feather
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 2 : Slide 1
Special Skin Cells Make Melanin
body
tissue
epidermis
melanocytes
epidermis
cells
Melanosomes- organelles
containing melanin found in
melanocytes and other skin cells.
Other skin cells
How is melanin made inside the melanocytes?
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 2
Melanocyte
Melanin
(black
dots)
taken up
by skin
cells
called
keratino
cytes
“Octopus”
like arms of
Melanocyte
cell
Other skin cells
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 3
Looking inside a melanosome
Other skin cells
Large protein molecule called Tyrosinase. It
is special type of protein that assists
chemical reactions in the body.
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 4
Looking inside a melanosome
Tyrosine- small
molecule. Building
block needed to
build melanin.
Oxygen
OO
Other skin cells
First step in making melanin:
Reaction between two molecules, one
tyrosine and one O2 to make a new
molecule (called DOPA)
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 5
How can a large protein
molecule like the
Tyrosinase help to start
the chemical reactions
that form melanin?
OO
Oxygen
Tyrosine
•
Other skin cells
Tyrosinase
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 6
Tyrosinase helps to position the molecules so that
they can react.
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 7
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 8
Tyrosinase
(protein)
O
•
nuc
New Molecule
Skin cell
Other skin cells
Other proteins help turn the new
molecule (called DOPA) into melanin.
What happened to Sammy
Sosa?
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 9
Ponds Skin Lightening
Cream
What is the message of this ad?
www.advertolog.com/ponds-5419455/print-outdoor/swan-7423605/
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 10
Lactose intolerance
• Cannot break down lactose, a sugar found in
dairy products
• Instead, bacteria in the intestine break down the
lactose, producing gas
• Most children can break down lactose
• Most adults in the world cannot break down
lactose - making them lactose intolerant
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 11
Cells in Small Intestine
Break Down Lactose
Lactose
from diet
Lactose
brought
into
intestine
cells
small
intestine
intestine cells
Lactose
broken
down
How is lactose broken down in intestine cells?
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 12
Looking inside small intestine cells
lactose
galactose
glucose
Small intestine cells
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 13
Looking inside small intestine cells
How does the shape
of the large protein
molecule Lactase
help the chemical
reaction that forms
glucose from
lactose?
lactase
lactose
Small intestine cells
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 14
Looking inside small intestine cells
lactase
glucose
galactose
Small intestine cells
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 15
inventorspot.com
Lactose intolerance?
www.pcrm.org/newsletter/jun05/milk_ad.ht
ml
Is it really an illness or are we victims of false
advertising?
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 16
Protein Models
Cartoon Model
Space-filling Model
Backbone Model
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 17
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
A protein
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 18
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Amino Acid Chain
When amino acids
form a long chain, the
chain folds and makes
a protein. The amino
acids cause the
protein to twist and
bend, as shown on
the left.
Chain of amino acids
folded into a protein.
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 19
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
Circle that portion of each molecule that is the same in every molecule.
Adapted from Carolina Supply Company
Learning Set 2 : Optional Lesson: Slide 20
BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN AMINO ACID
Basic structure of an amino acid
Learning Set 2 : Optional Lesson: Slide 21
AMINO ACID STRUCTURE
ALANINE
Learning Set 2: Optional Lesson: Slide
Chemical Structure: Chains and Rings
Tryptophan
Learning Set 2: Optional Lesson: Slide 23
ASSEMBLY OF AMINO ACIDS
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 24
Protein Models…again
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 25
Key to Toobers
Red = positive charge (+)
K, R, H
Yellow = negative charge (-)
D, E
Green = hydrophobic
A, V, L, I, P, M, F, W
Blue = hydrophilic
G, S, T, N, Q, Y
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 26
Toober Model (Step 1)
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 27
Lactase Amino Acid Sequence
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 28
Preparing a Gel
Holes for samples
to be tested
gel
Image from powerful microscope
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 29
Put Protein Sample in Holes
Pipet with
solution of
proteins
Lots of different
sized proteins
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 30
Samples We Want to Test
lactase
tyrosinase
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 31
Adding Electricity to the Electrodes
Negatively charged
proteins move
towards positive
electrode
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 32
Proteins Move Based on Size
lactase
tyrosinase
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 33
Record Data with a Picture
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 34
Lactase Sample for 3 Different People
Lactose intolerance:
1) No
2) ???
3) ???
Should person 2 drink
milk? Person 3? Explain
your reasoning.
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 35