Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Russian ITER Domestic Agency
ITER PROJECT – STEP TO ENERGY OF FUTURE
Institution “Project Center ITER” is responsible for Russian in-kind contribution to the
ITER Organization
Building 3, Kurchatov sq. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
www.iterrf.ru
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
ITER
www.iterrf.ru
International
Thermonuclear
Experimental
Reactor
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Major plasma radius: 6.2 m
Plasma volume: 840 m3
Plasma current: 15 MA
Plasma density: 1020 м-3
Plasma temp.:  20 keV or 200 Mio deg.
Thermonuclear power: 500 MW
ITER – world first international experimental thermonuclear reactor
ITER – hugest international scientific and technical project of today
ITER – important step into energy of future
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Project Milestones
1985
USSR initiative on ITER (M. Gorbachev, E. Velikhov)
1986
Start of negotiations on ITER (USSR, USA, Japan, Europe)
1988-1990
ITER Project conceptual design stage
1992-1998
ITER Project technical design stage, start of R&D on the key problems
and systems of the facility
1999-2001
ITER Project with the price twice as low, execution of R&D for Project
justification
2002-2005
Finalization of the ITER technical design and negotiations on the future
ITER construction site
2006
International ITER Organization Agreement
2007
Establishment of the International ITER Organization
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Tokamak
www.iterrf.ru
In the core of ITER there lies TOKAMAK device (TOroidal Camera Magnetic Coil), concept of which was proposed by
distinguished Russian scientists academicians I. Tamm and A. Sakharov in 1950s and later on developed by academicians L.
Artsimovich, M. Leontovich and B. Kadomtsev
Scheme of classic
TOKAMAK
1
5
3
2
1
4
1. Poloidal field coils
2. Vacuum vessel
3. Inductor
4. Plasma
5. Toroidal field coils
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Thermonuclear fusion
Fusion of Deuterium (D) and Tritium
(T) nuclei is the most feasible
thermonuclear reaction
D–T mixture should be heated up to 100
млн. С° (5 times as much as t° in the
core of the Sun)
D–T gas transforms into totally ionized
plasma
D+ and T+ react with formation of a
neutron and Helium nucleus (αparticle)
Released energy is equal to 17,6 MeV
for a single reaction act
Fusion reaction scheme
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Tritium production
Deuterium is contained in water, and the technology of its extraction from water is well developed. Quantity of Tritium on the
Earth is very small, but it can be gained via neutron to Lithium (Li) reaction
Both Lithium isotopes Li6(7,5%) and
Li7(92,5%) generate Tritium in
reactions:
Li7 + n = He4 + T + n – 2,47 MeV,
Li6 + n = He4 + T + 4,8 MeV.
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
International ITER Organization
www.iterrf.ru
Agreement on the Establishment of the ITER International Fusion
Energy Organization for the Joint Implementation of the ITER
Project was signed by the representatives of seven participating
Parties in the Elysee Palace (Paris, France) November 21, 2006
The Agreement came into
force October 24, 2007
ITER Project participants are:
EURATOM,
China, India, Japan,
Republic of Korea,
Russian Federation,
United States of America
ITER Headquarters completed and
inaugurated in Cadarache (France)
January 17, 2013
Site preparation for ITER construction has been completed
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Russian contribution
Upper ports of ITER vacuum vessel
Superconducting cable for Poloidal and
Toroidal Field coils
First wall components and connectors
for ITER blanket
Poloidal Field coil
High Heat Flux Testing of divertor
components
Dome for divertor cassettes
170 GHz Gyrotrons
Switching Network, Fast Discharge
Units, DC Busbar & Instrumentation
Nine Diagnostic systems for plasma
properties measurement
Port plug Test facility
Russia’s contribution to the ITER Project amounts to ~10% of ITER construction cost and
manifests itself in procurement of unique high-technology equipment
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Russian ITER DA
ITER Domestic Agency key functions
1. Organization and quality control of ITER systems
design and manufacturing within the framework of RF
responsibility.
2. Organization of procurement and commissioning on
ITER facility of the systems produced in Russia.
3. Preparation, conclusion and maintenance of agreements
on manufacturing and procurement, external contracts and
internal agreements.
4. Creation of databases of intellectual property and
thermonuclear technologies, developed
within the
framework of ITER Project, and organization of access to
the similar partners’ databases.
Under the RF Government decree of January 26 2011
Institution “Procect Center ITER is appointed ITER Domestic
Agency (DA) for guaranteeing Russian in-kind contribution to the
ITER Organization
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
5. Organization of informational networks, remote
participation in experiments and videoconferences.
6. Providing cooperation with ITER Organization and
international cooperation with the partners.
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
State Corporation for Atomic Energy
“Rosatom”
(State Client)
Russian Research Center
“Kurchatov Institute”
(Russian ITER DA till 2011)
Federal State Unitary Enterprise
“The D.V. Efremov Institute of the
Electrophysical Apparatus”
Open Joint-Stock Company
“A.A. Bochvar High-Tech Research and
Development Institute of Inorganic
Materials”
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Key contractors
Ioffe Physico-Tecnhnical Institute
of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Institute of Applied Physics
of the Russian Academy of Sciences
State Research Center
of the Russian Federation
Troitsk Institute for Innovative and
Thermonuclear Research
Open Joint-Stock Company
“N.A. Dollezhall Research and
Development Institute of Power
Engineering”
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Systems
www.iterrf.ru
Diagnostic system for hydrogen lines spectroscopy
The H-alpha Spectroscopy system is intended, first of all, for the measurements of time
behavior, space distribution, and spectral shape of the visible hydrogen Balmer lines
Poloidal field coil for the ITER magnet system
Together with other poloidal field coils the PF1 is located around the ITER toroidal field
magnets to provide the plasma control by the magnetic field
Port plug test facility
Test facilities for equatorial and upper port plugs (PPTF) are being developed for carrying
out of preliminary heat, vacuum and functional tests of port plugs prior to their
installation on tokamak
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Systems
Upper ports for ITER vacuum vessel
The VV ports are intended for installation of the plasma diagnostics and heating
equipment, vacuum pumping equipment and provide access into the vessel during facility
operation. The ports, as the vacuum vessel on the whole, are the first ITER safety barrier
classified as the equipment operating with radioactive materials under pressure
Gamma-ray spectroscopy system for ITER plasma
diagnostics
The aim of this diagnostics is to measure distribution and dynamics of high energy
ions in the poloidal cross-section of reactor. Controlling the high energy ion dynamics is
one of the main objectives of ITER plasma diagnostics
Equipment for ECR heating and current drive
Within the framework of the ITER project, Russia is, among other elements, to
manufacture and deliver the components for ECR heating and current drive, specifically,
the 170 GHz/1 MW gyrotron
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Systems
www.iterrf.ru
Divertor Dome and First wall components
The divertor and first wall are the first barriers for the hot plasma in a fusion reactor. The
first wall immediately faces the plasma and protects the ITER systems against high heat
fluxes. The Dome/Liner faces the plasma and protects the ITER systems against heat and
corpuscular fluxes
Lenpa and Henpa neutral particles analysers
LENPA and HENPA neutral particle analyzers – Neutral particle analysis (NPA) – is one
of the main parts of ITER diagnostic system. NPA diagnostics is based on absolute
measurement and energy analysis of charge-exchange neutral particles emitted by plasma
ITER neutron diagnostics
Neutron diagnostics, developed and procured by Russia within the framework of joint
implementation of the ITER project, is one of the key diagnostic systems, which enables by
direct measurements to demonstrate achievement of thermonuclear fusion on a reactor scale
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Systems
www.iterrf.ru
ITER HFS reflectometry
HFS reflectometry diagnostics – one of the important parts of ITER diagnostic
system. The diagnostics is based on the physical principle of electromagnetic wave
reflection from plasma
Superconductors for ITER magnet system
Superconducting conductors are designed to be used for the fabrication of the
windings of the coils of the ITER Magnet System and are essentially the unique cable
product that contains more than 1000 unit superconducting strands, each of them
containing more than 10 thousand superconducting extremely tiny (2-6 mkm)
filaments
Switching devices for ITER power supply systems
Due to the successful results of the many years’ work of Russian scientists and
engineers on developing the switching devices, the RF Team has been assigned with
procurement of all the components for coil energy discharge systems based on highcurrent switches
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Systems
www.iterrf.ru
Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostics
With the help of CXRS such major parameters of plasma as the ion temperature profile,
poloidal and toroidal rotation velocity profile, and also concentration and distribution of
light impurity inside a plasma column are measured
Laser-induced fluorescence
Laser-Induced Fluorescence is designed for Helium and extrinsic impurities parameters
measurement in divertor. The system can also be applied for evaluation of electronic
temperature in divertor
Thomson scattering for ITER divertor
The destination of Thomson scattering in the divertor is measurements of electron
temperature and density spatial distribution in the most problem domain of ITER –
divertor, which is the main region in fusion devices for plasma-wall-interactions
Blanket connectors
Russian Federation is responsible for manufacturing and procurement of
mechanical supports and electrical connectors for ITER blanket. These are aimed at
keeping blanket modules from moving in radial, poloidal and toroidal directions
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Procurement Arrangements
Since that moment, nine more Procurement
Arrangements have been signed by the
Russian ITER DA:
• ITER
The first equipment Procurement Arrangement (superconductor)
was signed between RRC “Kurchatov Institute” and the ITER
Organization
February 12, 2008
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Upper ports
• Divertor systems
• Superconducting cable for PF coils
• Switching network
• Poloidal Field Coil (PF1)
• Port plug test facility
• Reflectometry diagnostics
• Lenpa and Henpa neutral particles
analysers
• Equipment for ECR heating and current
drive
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
ITER cooperation
Institution “Project Center ITER” regularly hosts high-level international meetings involving specialists from the ITER Organization and
Domestic Agencies of the Project’s participants
ITER Organization Director General professor Osamu
Motojima visits Russian ITER Domestic Agency, December
2012
Coordination Meeting of the
ITER Organization
representatives and Domestic
Agencies representatives in
Kurchatov Institute, September
8-10,2008
Planning & Scheduling Meeting
involving the IO and ITER DAs
representatives took place in
Kurchatov Institute in June 2009
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Russian superconductor
In October 2010 representatives of the ITER Russian Domestic Agency together with their European colleges completed successful testing of
the full-scale Nb-Ti conductor for the ITER poloidal field coils – PF1&6. Testing was conducted at the SULTAN facility in the Paul Sherer (PSI,
Switzerland)
Preliminary processing of experimental results, and result analysis performed by the
employees of the ITER International Organization, Russian ITER Domestic Agency,
and ISPTT of RRC “KI” allow stating that the conductor parameters significantly
exceed the requirements of the ITER Organization
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
NbTi cable shipment
www.iterrf.ru
Late in August 2011, after manufacturing of 760m TF Conductor Copper
Dummy has been completed by the Russian suppliers, four PF Copper and
one Superconducting Nb-Ti Cable Dummies were shipped to Europe from
JSC VNIIKP.
The above Dummies are intended to develop the Poloidal Field Coils
PF1&6 manufacturing technology: first of all, to work out the process of
conductor manufacturing (pulling cable in huge jacket and compaction of
conductor), and secondly for simulation of the double pancake winding.
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Nb3Sn superconductor
www.iterrf.ru
In August 2011, RF-DA’s Conductor Supplier JSC VNIIKP has finished manufacturing of 760m TF Conductor Copper Dummy. Manufacturing
of 760m TF Conductor Copper Dummy is definitely a significant step ahead showing that time and efforts came to fine results. This Unit Length
is the first one of those used for qualification of conductors’ manufacturing process which includes qualification of most important process like
cabling, welding of Jacket, cable pull-through assembled jacket length, compaction and spooling of the conductor
First Nb3Sn superconductor
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Nb3Sn jacketing in HEPI (Protvino)
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Gyrotrons manufacturing
www.iterrf.ru
Russian suppliers continue R&D on development of 170 GHz /
1MW gyrotron for ITER, which is among the key elements of
the future machine. The works are conducted by the Institute
of Applied Physics and the “GYCOM” Ltd.”
Test of the gyrotron complex at 1,05 MW / 500 sec. and 0,9
MW / 1000 sec. regimes have been successfully carried out at
the Kurchatov Institute test facility. The obtained test results
match the IO requirements completely
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
Practical training
Seven young fusion researches and engineers
from Russia arrived at the ITER Headquarters
in France in January 2012. Over the next 45
days they will work closely with engineers and
scientists on site. The State Corporation
“Rosatom” initiative was fully supported by
the IO Director General professor Osamu
Motojima. "Any ideas to simplify the design
are more than welcome", ITER DirectorGeneral Osamu Motojima said with a jovial
smile as he welcomed the new co-workers.
"With this scientific exchange we hope to set a
precedence which will be followed by other
Domestic Agencies", Motojima continued ,
adding that "By fostering young generations in
the field of fusion science and technology we
will ultimately turn ITER into Center of
Excellence. That is my goal."
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
TF conductor
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
www.iterrf.ru
End of February, on the territory of High Energy Physics Institute in Protvino this cable was
pulled through a stainless steel jacket (assembled there as well). Insertion stage was followed
by compaction and spooling of the conductor (meaning that such became the cable pulled
through the steel jacket) in four meter in diameter solenoid
OJSC “VNIIKP” located in Podolsk, Moscow region, started cabling of the 760-meter
niobium-three-tin cable for the ITER magnet system toroidal coils, January 17, 2012.
This is the first regular equipment unit within Russian responsibilities that will be
manufactured and procured to the ITER Organization.
October 09, 2012, two qualified unit lengths of toroidal field conductors for the ITER magnetic
system were shipped from Kurchatov Institute to the customs office for the further transportation
to Europe. These were the copper dummy and the 100-m qualification conductor. This was
Russia’s first procurement of the toroidal field coils conductor
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Collaboration goes on
www.iterrf.ru
During his Moscow visit in March 2012 IO Director General professor Osamu
Motojima met the Russian ITER Council members, heads of Russian
organizations and enterprises participating in manufacturing of the ITER
systems, and employees of the RF DA. At the same meeting Prof. Motojima
and Director of the Institution “Project Center ITER” (RF DA) signed the ninth
Procurement Arrangement
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
The traditional International Conductor meeting took part in Moscow
September 10-13, 2012. The regular meeting was attended by the
International ITER Organization representatives, experts from the ITER
Domestic Agencies of EU, China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russia and
USA, as well as specialists of the suppliers
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Obligations fulfilled
www.iterrf.ru
In September 2012 regular SULTAN test of Russian TF
Conductor based on bronze route strands was performed
by CRPP-EPFL. Testing of TFRF4 is a very important
milestone achieving which we complete pre-production
phase of TF Conductors procurement and proceed to the
final production stage. At the same time it opens the way
to start shipping of real Conductors to Coil manufacturer
for producing coils for ITER Tokamak
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R
First testing of plasma-facing components of the ITER outer divertor target fullscale prototype started at the Efremov Institute (St Petersburg, Russia) late
October 2012. This will be the first (of several dozens) test series, results of
which will make it possible to adjust manufacturing technology of these ITER
components
Institution
“PROJECT CENTER ITER”
Importance
www.iterrf.ru
Benefits from participation in the ITER Project
1
Powerful impulse for
development of the
national program of
thermonuclear research
and a number of hightechnology industries
2
3
Full access to the
technologies and
developments of the
ITER Project
Exercise of construction
technologies of similar
fusion facilities,
preparation of research
and engineering staff
I N T E R N AT IO N A L T H E R M O N U C LE AR E X P E R IM E N T A L R E AC T O R