Linear Statistical
Model
MAFS.8.SP.1.3: Use the equation of a
linear model to solve problems in the
context of bivariate measurement data,
interpreting the slope and intercept.
Mathematics Practices
• MP.4 Model with mathematics. Students model relationships between
variables using linear and nonlinear functions. They interpret models in
the context of the data and reflect on whether or not the models make
sense based on slopes, initial values, or the fit to the data.
• MP.6 Attend to precision. Students evaluate functions to model a
relationship between numerical variables. They evaluate the function by
assessing the closeness of the data points to the line. They use care in
interpreting the slope and the 𝑦-intercept in linear functions.
• MP.7 Look for and make use of structure. Students identify pattern or
structure in scatter plots. They fit lines to data displayed in a scatter plot
and determine the equations of lines based on points or the slope and
initial value.
Essential Questions
• How can I use equation models to solve
statistics problems?
• How can I interpret the slope and intercept of
a data set?
Bell-Ringer
•
What is correlation?
a. When one event causes another.
b. Plotted points
c. The description of the relationship between two variables.
d. None of the above
•
What is a line of best fit?
a. A break line that is vertical on the graph.
b. The x-axis line of the data.
c. An equation that predicts the y variable.
d. None of the above
•
What does it mean to make a prediction? Write your answer.
Vocabulary
Bivariate data
In statistics, bivariate data is data that has two variables. The
quantities from these two variables are often represented using a
scatter plot. This is done so that the relationship (if any) between the
variables is easily seen.
Positive Correlation
Is when the variables of the data increases together; the correlation
coefficient is between 0 and +1.
Negative Correlation
Is when one variable decreases as the other increases.
Review Key Concept
Guided Practice
• The 2014 NBA Championship Series featured the San Antonio Spurs versus
the Miami Heat. The following graph compares the number of minutes
each team’s starters played in game one of the championship series
compared with the number of points he scored during the game.
Guided Practice- Line of Best Fit
continued
a. Is there a correlation between the number of
minutes played and the total number of
points scored? Explain your answer.
b. Draw what you think is the best fit line.
Guided Practice - continues
Equation of the Line of Best Fit
a. What is the equation of the best fit line?
b. What does the slope of the best fit line tells you about the
data?
Guided Practice
continued
a.
What is the intercept of the data set?
b.
Should we expect a player that played 45 minutes to score more than 10
points? Justify your answer.
Guided Practice
solution
Check your progress
The table below shows the test scores for individual
students and the number of minutes that student spent
studying for the test.
Study Time (minutes)
15
35
20
45
50
60
30
40
Test Score (points)
76
85
82
93
97
100
89
91
Construct a scatter plot of the data. Then draw a line that seems
to best represent the data.
Check your progress
• Sketch a line of best fit through your scatter
plot.
• Find the equation of the line of best fit.
• What does the slope of the best fit line tell
you about the data?
• What, if anything, does the y-intercept tell you
about the data?
• Use the line of best fit to predict the test
score for a student who studied 25 minutes.
What is the equation of the best fit line?
y = 0.5061x + 70.464
The equation that we wrote is
in slope – intercept form…
Study Time Vs. Test Scores
y
110
y  mx  b
Test Scores
100
90
b represents the
y-intercept
80
m represents the
slope
Is the slope positive, negative,
or zero?
positive
70
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
Study Time (Minutes)
60
x
Study Time Vs. Test Scores
Calculations
Step 1: Find the slope of the best fit line
• Select two points on the best fit line (X1,Y1) and (X2,Y2)
o For example (40,91) and (15,76)
• Use the slope formula to find the slope
M = 𝑌2 - 𝑌1
𝑋2 - 𝑋1
M=
91 – 76 = 15 = 0.6
40 – 15
25
• Show the students step by how to draw the best fit line, write the
equation, make a prediction, etc.
Study Time Vs. Test Scores
Calculations
Step 2: Find the y-intercept of the best fit line.
• Extend the best fit line to see where it crosses the y-axis.
Study Time Vs. Test Scores
Calculations
Step 2: Find the yintercept of the best fit
line.
110
100
Test Scores
• Extend the best fit line
to see where it crosses
the y-axis.
Study Time Vs. Test Scores
y
90
80
70
• The y-intercept is 70.
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
Study Time (Minutes)
60
x
Study Time Vs. Test Scores
Calculations
Step 3: Find the equation of the best fit line
• Using the slope and y-intercept of the best fit line to find the
equation in slope intercept form.
• y = mx + b
Where slope, m = 0.6 and y-intercept, b = 70
• y = 0.6x + 70
• Show the students step by how to draw the best fit line, write
the equation, make a prediction, etc.
Independent Classwork
Part A:
Organize into groups of six students.
Using a tape measure, measure and record each group member’s height and arm
length.
Using the collected data, create a scatter plot comparing height and arm length.
Sketch an approximate of the best fit line.
Find the slope of the best fit line.
Answer the questions attached to this worksheet.
Questions:
1. What was the slope of the best fit line?
2. In terms of data (arm length and height), explain what the slope means.
3. In terms of arm length and height, what does the best fit line tell you?
4. What do you notice about the relationship between arm length and height?
.
Independent Classwork
continues
• Part B:
• Input the data into Excel Spreadsheet, Geogebra software, or a graphing
calculator. Using the software:
–
–
–
–
–
Create a scatterplot
Find the line of best fit
Create a regression line and display the line of best fit
Display the equation of the line.
Compare your results with the line of best fit that you created.
Exit Ticket
The scatter plot shows the
number of graduates of a
computer program. What is
the equation for the best fit
line of the data?
Closure
• Administer the Summative assessment of the
content covered.
• Assign homework to re-enforce the content
covered.