Evaluating LED lighting solutions
Tony Oram, UK Sales Manager - Seoul Semiconductor
Who/Where are Seoul Semiconductor
Outlets
Factories
Subsidiary (SOC)
Seoul Semiconductor Europe GmbH
Seoul Semiconductor Inc.
Denmark
UK Netherlands
France
Frankfurt
Spain
Japan Seoul Semiconductor Co.,Ltd
Poland
Numberg
Italy
Tokyo
Tian Jin Factory
Shanghai
LA
SET
Nagoya
Shenzhen
Taiwan
• 3 corporate (Japan/Germany/USA)
• 25 sales offices
• 90 distributors
Seoul Factory
HQ (Seoul Semiconductor)
Ansan Factory
Subsidiary (Seoul Optodevice)
Detroit
New Jersey
Atlanta
Who/Where are Seoul Semiconductor
New Ansan factory , Ramp up May 2011
Worldwide*4th LED manufacturer
3rd White LED manufacture
* Strategies unlimited
EPA recognized test lab
Revenue2010: US$ 1019M
Employees: 2932
Who/Where are Seoul Semiconductor
1) Vertical integration from chip to package
EPI growing → FAB (fabrication) → PKG → Custom modules
2) Cost competitiveness
Volume production (3.5 billion chips per month)
3) Broad Portfolio
Acriche, Power LED, Side View LED, Top View LED, Radial LED,
Chip LED, high flux LED, deep UV, near UV, Customized module
4) Worldwide production capabilities
Technology centers and factories in USA, Korea and China
Strategy in LED Value Chain
Module/
LED Chips
Package
Light engine
Fixtures
Epistar
SSC
Focus component level
SSC will not compete with customers
Citizen, Everlight
Philips, Cree, Osram, Sharp, …
Presentation Overview
1. Recent developments within LED industry
2. Testing standardisation by market leaders
3. Assessing light quality by CRI and bin indexing
Recent Developments in the LED Industry
•Lumens per watt current and future
•Package changes and harmonisation
•Patents and licensing
Lumens per Watt
Lumens per Watt is a simple ratio of output of luminous flux to input of electrical power
Luminous flux
Electrical power
This measurement can be applied to any light source and finished lighting fixtures
From this measurement we can also calculate Lux and Candella values
http://www.element-14.com/community/docs/DOC-21394/l/light-conversion-tool
Measuring Output
Parameter
Symbol
Luminous Flux
Luminous Intensity
Value
Unit
Min
Typ
Max
V
80
100
120
lm
IV
1.0
1.5
2.0
Cd
Integrating Sphere
Buffer
* Luminous Flux (V )
- Lumen [lm]
Detector
* Luminous Intensity (V )
-Candela [Cd] (lm/sr)
LED
LED
Detector
LED Lumens per Watt
Current maximum production values are between 100 – 120 lm/W
Expected values by end of 2011 using existing technology are 150 lm/W
Some press release values are claiming over 200 lm/W however this is not
available in the market place
Theoretical limit is between 260 and 300 lm/W (dependant on who you talk to)
Steady increase in efficacy from 20 lm/W in 2002
Some leaps in technology needed to get to theoretical limit
For lighting the efficacy levels are now ‘GOOD ENOUGH’
Package changes and harmonisation
2010/11 has seen a move away from traditional LED packages
Packages with smaller footprints based around ceramic sub-straights are now becoming
standard
There is also and emergence of footprint compatibility between LED manufactures
Patents and Licensing
Apart from a few minor issues, Patent and Licensing agreements amongst the
big 6 are now in place.
Collectively they hold over 90% of all LED Patents
Big 6:
Seoul Semiconductor
Cree
Osram
Philips
Nichea
Toyoda Gosei
Some issues are still to be resolved on driver and heat management patents.
Beware of non patented product or 2012 could get very nasty for YOU
Patents and Licensing
A/C LED lawsuit
Cross license
Patents and Licensing
White LED Cross License
Cross-license agreement
White and housing patent
Strategic Cooperation
cross-license agreement
Patents and Licensing
Global Leading with over 5,500 patents
Material Patent
Design Patent
+
Manufacturing/
Methodology Patents
Exclusive License
UCSB in USA
And Others
+
Nonexclusive License
Testing standardisation by market leaders
•LM80
•Efficiency rating and Minimum values
LM80
There is now universal adoption of LM80 testing by the major LED manufactures
LM80 allows direct comparison of expected LED lifetimes and failure rates.
LM80 calls for 6000 hours real time testing and projects when an LED will reach the end of
its useful life
LM80 testing completed at 25, 55 and 85 Deg C
Useful life is generally accepted as L70 (70% of original output) for lighting
LM80 gives readings over lifetime for:
Forward Voltage change
Flux (light output) depreciation
Colour Shift
LM80
Degradation graph of Luminous output
70,000
R(t)=exp(-‫ג‬t)
60,000
Time (Hr)
 EA  1
1 
 

k
T
T
2 
 1

5630 (D:30%)
50,000
2  1exp
where
40,000
R(t)= LED Operating time till “t”
λ = Failure rate
30,000
t = Lifetime
λ1 = Failure rate (TJ = T1 )
20,000
λ2 = Failure rate (TJ = T2 )
EA = Vitalization Energy ( eV )
10,000
k = Boltzmann's constant (8.617×10-5eV/°K)
T = Junction temperature °K(°K = ℃ + 273)
0
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
o
Junction Temperature ( C)
95
100
105
110
IF=100mA
Efficiency Rating and minimum values
Direct comparison between LED sources is now possible using LM80.
As a result LED manufactures are now quoting minimum vales instead of typical
values – This is delivering transparency in the market.
However comparison between lighting types and lighting fixtures is still a problem
UK building regulations in now place for lighting efficiency of 55 lm/W – not just for
new build.
Refurbishment threshold covered have been lowered from 1000 M/sq to 100
More standards and legislation will be coming into legislation over the next 12
months possible including:
EPC – improvements to Energy Performance Certificates
Harmonisation of energy calculations and communication
Carbon creation calculation, offset and trading.
EU ban on traditional incandescent lighting
Efficiency Rating and minimum values
• Relative Lamp Size
60~80㏐/W
CRI 65
Lifetime 9,000~12,000hrs
20~80㏐/W
CRI 82
Lifetime 10,000hrs
8~15㏐/W
CRI 100
Lifetime 1,000hrs
Halogen
Incandescence
Metal Halide
Fluorescent
Compact Fluorescent
46~95㏐/W
CRI 62~85
Lifetime 12,000hrs
16~22㏐/W
CRI 100
Lifetime 2,000hrs
60 - 120㏐/W
CRI 70~95
Lifetime 50,000hrs
LEDs
Efficiency Rating and minimum values
aaaaaaa
We are all used to seeing Energy rating on
electrical goods.
Moves are now underway to classify lamps in
a similar way.
This should include lifetime based on LM80 or
similar calculation
175
CRI
Colour temp
Lumens/Watt
45000 hours lifetime
85
3000K
65
Will allow a direct comparison between
lighting sources and manufactures
Once implemented for lamps it is expected
that it will be expanded out to non domestic
lighting.
Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI
•Binning
•CRI (colour rendering index)
Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI
Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI
Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI
0.46
0.44
Energy Star
2700K
Neutral White
3000K
3200K
3500K
0.42
0.40
4700K
Cold White
5000K
C9
5300K
B8
6500K
0.30
0.28
0.28
A
Z4 Z7 A8
Z6 Z9 G
Z8 F
E
0.30
D
C1
C
C0 C3
D2
D3
D5
B1 C2
D4
D7
C5
D6
B3 C4
O
C7
N
B5 C6
M
B7 L
K
B
B0
A1
B2
A0 A3 B4
7600K
Z1 A2 A5 B6
8200K
J
Z3 A4 A7
Z2 Z5 A6 A9
7000K
0.32
B9
6000K
D0
C8
5600K
0.36
D9
D8 D1
E
E2
E4
E6
F0
E1
F2
E0
F1
E9
4200K
E8
4500K
0.38
0.34
G8
E3
G2
F4
F6
H7
H6
G6
F7
H4
G5
G4
F5
E5
E7
F
G
H2
G3
F3
T
G7
V
W
H1
H0
G1
G0
F8
H9
H8
G9
F9
3700K
4000K
2600K
2900K
H
H3
H5
6
7
 6 sub-bins/ ANSI bin
 3-Step McAdams
5
4
3
X
S
R
Q
P
Warm White
H
0.32
0.34
0.36
Various CRI solutions:
- Minimum CRI 70
- Minimum CRI 80
- Minimum CRI 90
0.38
X
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI
The Colour rendering index (CRI), is a measure of the
ability of a light source to reproduce the colours of
various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or
natural light source.
Light sources with a high CRI value have traditionally
been desirable in colour critical applications such as
photography and cinematography.
High CRI light sources are now been demanded for
lighting applications especially for retail and consumer
lighting.
Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI
- sunlight CRI 100
- LED CRI 60~95
Ra = average R1 to R8
Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI
Assessing light quality by bin indexing and CRI