• After father’s death, grew up w/ stepfather Pyrilampes
• As a child studied philosophy under Cratylus

• Socrates disciple
• In military for 5 years
• Socrates forced suicide left him deeply scarred
• Joined Thirty years Tyrants w/ uncle Charmides
• Left shortly when exposed to heavy violence

• Wrote a total of 36 Dialogues & 13 Letters
• In Italy, advised Syracuse family
• Developed theory of forms, Platonic realism, Platonic idealism
• Created the Academy in Athens
• Taught a young Aristotle
• Most likely died and buried on Academy grounds

• Born Filippo Bruno in 1548
• Dominican Friar Who studied astronomy, astrology, and philosophy
• His ideas further expanded Copernicus’ heliocentric theory

• Accurately predicted Sun was just another star
• Also believed there to be an infinite # of planets, some of which are inhabited by intelligent beings
• Became a martyr during Roman inquisition

• British aristocratic writer and scientist
• Born Margaret Lucas, daughter of John Lucas (1623)
• Traveled w/ Henrietta Maria in exile to france where she lived in young Louis XIV’s court
• Published about natural philosophy and early scientific law under her own name, unusual for women of her time (21 tot.)
• Criticized Hobbes, Descartes, and Boyle

• German who believed in equal opportunity (sex)
• Studied w/ self-taught farmer/astronomer
Chrisopher Arnold, through whom she met future husband and fellow astronomer Gottfried Kirch
• Worked together create calendars, ephemeredes, almanacs
• First woman to discover a comet(1702) Kirch credited

• Observed Aurora Borealis (1707)
• Conjunction of Sun w/ Saturn & Venus
• Conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn
• Son Christfried became Head astronomer, while she and her daughter assisted
• Forced to retire and died in 1720
• Succeeded by 3 daughters and son

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giordano_Bruno
• http://www.google.com/imgres?sa=X&biw=792&bih=579&tbm=isch&tbnid=0sfmWfSm3uMf2M:&imgrefurl=http://www.hy
perhistory.com/online_n2/people_n2/science_n2/helio.html&docid=XkPozWPn-
04vJM&imgurl=http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/people_n2/science_n2/images/heliocentric.jpg&w=325&h=325&ei
=Cf1yUsWGFZiz4AOY9oGoDQ&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:1,s:0,i:93&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=183&tbnw=175&start=0&ndsp=8
&tx=98&ty=115
• http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ypLtaa68ryI/TLmkdllGlXI/AAAAAAAAEX8/sxhXnaypdkk/s640/zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzbruno6.jpg
• http://www.binarymoon.co.uk/2010/03/toy-story-1-2-3/toy-story-3-aliens/
• http://www.athenstourgreece.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/athens-academy-Socrates-Plato.jpg
• http://filipspagnoli.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/socrates.jpg
• http://scottoden.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/greek-soldier.jpg
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Plato_Pio-Clemetino_Inv305.jpg
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Cavendish,_Duchess_of_Newcastle-upon-Tyne
• http://www.sheisanastronomer.org/index.php/history/maria-winkelmann-kirch
• http://thelifeofmariawinkelmann.weebly.com/a-comet-is-discovered.html