Bringing Green Revolution in
Eastern Region
Department of Agriculture
Government of Bihar

The first green revolution was limited to only
five crops and main focus was on wheat. Punjab,
Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh was benefitted
more. There is a large gap in the yield of various
crops among the states.

To fulfill the yield gap:-
Extending green
revolution programme is included in Bihar,
Eastern U.P, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and
west Bengal.
Contribution of Agriculture in Bihar : Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 33 per cent, while at the
national level, agriculture contributes 18 per cent
 The Gross sown area in the state:-
78.82 lakh ha.
 Net sown area:-
57.12 lakh ha.
 Cropping intensity:-
138%.
 The principal crops:-
paddy, wheat, pulses, maize,
potato, oilseeds and Sugarcane.
 Major Crops:-
Rice, wheat and maize
 Allocation by Govt. of India :-
Rs. 6394.34 Lakh
for Extending Green Revolution under sub
R.K.V.Y during 2010-11 for Bihar.
plan of
Districts under each Agro-Climatic Zone
Sl.
No.
Agro-climatic zone
Districts
1.
Agro- climatic zone I
(Northern West)
West Champaran, East Champaran, Siwan,
Saran, Sitamarhi, Sheohar, Muzaffarpur,
Vaishali,
Madhubani,
Darbhanga,
Samastipur, Gopalganj & Begusarai
2.
Agro-climatic Zone II
(Northern East)
Purnea,
Katihar,
Saharsa,
Supaul,
Madhepura, Khagaria, Araria & Kishanganj.
3.
Agro-climatic zone IIIA Sheikhpura, Munger,
(Southern East)
Bhagalpur & Banka.
4.
Rohtas, Bhojpur, Buxar, Bhabhua, Arwal,
Agro-climatic zone IIIB
Patna, Nalanda, Nawada, Jehanabad,
(Southern West)
Aurangabad & Gaya.
Jamui,
Lakhisarai,
Physiographic features of the Agro-climatic Zone
Sl.
No.
Agro-climatic zone
Soil
pH
Total
Temperature
Rainfall
( 0C)
(mm)
Max.
Min.
6.5 – 8.4 1040 – 1450
(1245.00)
36.6
7.7
1.
Sandy
Agro- climatic zone I loam,
(Northern West)
loam
33.8
8.8
2.
Sandy
6.5 – 7.8 1200 – 1700
Agro-climatic Zone II loam, Clay
( 1450.00)
(Northern East)
loam
Sandy
6.8 – 8.0 990 – 1240
loam, Clay
(1115.00)
Agro-climatic zone III
loam,
(Southern East &
loam, Clay
West)
37.1
7.8
3.
AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES
ZONE - I
ZONE - III(A)
ZONE - II
ZONE - III(B)
Present Status of the selected crops
Name of the crop
Area
(Lakh Ha.)
Productivity Production
(Qtls./Ha) (Lakh M.T.)
Kharif Rice
35.15
16.00
56.24
Boro & summer Rice
1.05
17.81
1.87
Total Rice
36.20
16.90
58.11
Wheat
21.31
23.80
50.71
Kharif Maize
2.58
16.78
4.33
Rabi Maize
2.06
35.97
7.41
Summer Maize
1.81
31.55
5.71
Total Maize
6.45
28.10
18.12
Total Pulses
6.10
9.00
5.49
Objectives of the Project
 To enhance the Productivity of Rice, Wheat, Maize and
Pulse crops
 To improve soil health with the use of Bio fertilizers and
micro-nutrients.
 To increase the area of Arhar and lentil as inter crop
 To enhance water use efficiency by application of
sprinkler and drip irrigation.
 Mechanization of the Agriculture farms.
 Reclamation of problematic soils by pyrites/ phospho
gypsum.
 Farmers training for improved technology in farming
practices
Steps needed to achieve the desired level of
productivity
Improve infrastructure such as
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
irrigation facilities
supply of quality seed
balanced use of fertilizers
adequate farm machinery
farmer friendly extension service and
marketing facilities to the farmers.
Cropping Pattern
 Cropping pattern is dominated by cereals-
Rice-wheat
 Cereals occupies more than 70% of the gross cropped area.
 Pulses occupy around 7 % of the gross cropped area.
The important cropping sequence of different zones is:
Zone – I:
Zone – II:
Rice – Wheat, Rice – Rai, Rice – Sweet Potato,
Rice – Maize (Rabi), Maize – Wheat, Maize –
Sweet Potato, Maize – Rai, Rice – Lentil, Ricelinseed
Jute – Wheat, Jute – Potato, Jute – Kalai, Jute
Mustard, Rice – Wheat – Moong, Rice – Toria
Zone – III: Rice – Wheat, Rice – Gram, Rice – Lentil,
Rice – Rai
Natural Calamity - A curse of Bihar
Agriculture in the state is prone to natural calamity.
1. North Bihar districts are affected by the recurrent
flood.
2. South Bihar districts are prone to lack of rainfall.
Still Bihar is in Progress
The coverage under rice, wheat, maize and oilseeds is
increased by 9.6, 6.7, 2.0 and 1 per cent respectively
in 2008-09 from 2004-05,
The area under total pulses decrease to about 10 per
cent (Graph 1).
The productivity trend shows a positive slope over the
same period (Graph 2).
Productivity trend of different crops
40
3000
35
2500
25
20
2004-05
15
2005-06
10
2006-07
2007-08
5
2000
Rice
Wheat
1500
Total Maize
Total Pulses
1000
Total Oilseeds
500
Name of the crop
Year
2008-09
(Last est.)
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
0
2004-05
Total
Oilseeds
Total Pulses
Total Maize
2008-09 (Last est.)
Wheat
0
Kg./Ha.
30
Rice
Area (Lakh Ha.)
Area under different crops
Funding of the Project
Sl.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Component
Activities
Total Cost
(Rs lakh)
Demonstration(Hybrid Rice with S.R.I. Technique, Hybrid Rice with
Rice (Kharif)
P.P.C), Seed distribution of Hybrid and High yielding varieties,
Rice (Summer)
capacity building, Distribution of micro nutrients, weedicides and 1985.23
Boro Rice
Plant Protection Chemicals, demonstration of Summer Rice and Boro
Rice, Distribution of seed of Summer Rice and Boro Rice.
Demonstration (With S.W.I. Technique) Distribution of HYV seed,
Wheat
1987.16
Micro-nutrients & Pump sets for irrigation and contingency.
Demonstration,
seed
distribution,
capacity
building
(farmers/officers), Distribution of Irrigation Pipes, Plant Protection
Maize
423.33
chemicals & equipments, Distribution of Micro -nutrients and
weedicides, Contingency.
Demonstration, Seed Distribution of Maize & Arhar, Distribution of
Intercropping of
Rhizobium Culture, Plant Protection equipments, Plant protection 246.39
Maize+Arhar
chemicals/Bio-pesticides.
Demonstration, Distribution of Seed Sprinkeler Sets, Rhizobium
Pulse Production
699.05
culture, Plant Protection implements and Plant Protection Chemicals.
Intercropping of seed distribution of Lentil, Green gram, Rajmah, Black gram,
391.00
sugarcane
coriander and Potato.
Reclamation of Reclamation of acidic & sodic soil in different districts of Bihar.
662.18
acidic and sodic soil
Total Amount
6394.34
Strateg y for Rice
:
Average productivity is about 1.6 tonne/ha.
The major constraints in production are:- Flash floods and
submergence, drought in uplands, zinc deficiency and bacterial
blight.
Appropriate technological interventions and strategies are:-
•Cultivation of short duration and drought tolerant varieties.
•Propagation of HYV and Hybrid varieties
•Cultivation of bacterial blight resistant varieties
•Application of zinc sulphate in zinc-deficient areas.
•Propagation of SRI Technology.
•Propagation of Boro rice
•Replacement of long duration varieties with short and medium
Component
Physical target
Financial target
(Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration
SRI (Hybrid Rice)
8463 No.
253.89
PPC (Hybrid Rice)
8463 No.
253.89
Hybrid Rice
1692.6 M.T.
338.52
HYV Rice
734.2 M.T.
36.71
Exposure visit
534 No.
26.70
Training
8462 No.
152.32
Participation in Kisan Mela
3000 No.
48.00
Micro Nutrient Distribution
91386 Ha.
456.93
Distribution of Seed
Capacity Building
Contingency
Total
28.99
1595.95
Component
Physical
target
Financial target
(Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration
Distribution of Seed
Farmers/ Officers
Training
1810 no.
1810 qtls.
14 no.
181
9.05
1.40
P.P. Equipment
Weedicide & P.P.
Chemicals
Contingency
3450 no.
6900 ha.
69.00
34.50
Total
7.00
301.95
Component
Physical
target
Financial target
(Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration
Distribution of Seed
Farmers/ Officers
Training
105 No.
525 qt.
27 No.
10.50
2.63
2.70
2300 No.
4200 Ha.
46.00
21.00
P.P. Equipment
Weedicide & P.P.
Chemicals
Contingency
Total
4.50
87.33
Strategy for Wheat
Bihar is potentially an important wheat growing state
and the productivity is 2.3 tonnes/ha.
The major constraints in production are:- low seed
replacement rates, late sowing, low farm mechanization and
foliar blight disease.
Suitable technological interventions are: Timely sowing and harvesting
 Replacement with short and medium duration varieties
 Site specific nutrient management.
 Mechanization (Combine Harvesting & Zero Tillage Sowing
FIRBS and laser land levelling).
 Growing salinity/alkalinity tolerant varieties
 Use of improved varieties
Strateg y for Wheat Production
Component
Physical
target
Financial target
(Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration (SWI Tech.)
16924 No.
676.96
Distribution of Seed
30000 Qt.
150.00
Micronutrient Distribution
59000 Ha.
295.00
8462 No.
846.20
Pump set Distribution
Contingency
Total
19.00
1987.16
Strategy for Maize
Average productivity is 6 tonnes/ha, with levels up
to 8 tonnes/ha also recorded in farmer’s fields.
Potential to achieve 12 tonnes/ha.
Interventions for enhancing productivity
are:
• Seed production of QPM hybrids within the state
 Cultivation of QPM hybrids
 Winter maize as a better alternative to wheat under
rice-wheat system due to rising temperature
 Intercropping with potato, pea (for green pod) and
vegetables in winter maize for additional income
 Promotion of maize based processing industry
(animal feed, corn oil, starch, ethanol etc).
 In diara area promotion of maize
Component
Physical
target
Financial target
(Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration
1200 no.
48.00
Distribution of Seed
2400 qtls.
28.80
Farmers Training
120 no.
18.00
Officer's Training
41 no.
6.56
IMP/FFS Training
120 no.
27.22
Irrigation Pipe
1070 no.
160.50
P.P. Equipment
2500 no.
50.00
Micronutrient Distribution
2500 ha.
12.50
Bio-Incentive
2500 ha.
37.00
Weedicide/P.P. Chemical
3750 no.
18.75
Contingency
16.00
Total
423.33
Strategy for Pulses
Productivity in the state is greater than All-India.
Strategies to further enhance its productivity.
 Large rice fallow areas can be brought under Urad, Moong
and other pulses.
 Popularization of High yielding varieties supported by
strong seed programme
 Rehabilitation of gram in Agro-climatic Zone-I after
harvest of medium and late rice
 Promotion of seed treatment and Use of bio-fertilizer.
 Improvement in farm drainage to mitigate problem of
water logging
 Tal area promoted as efficient pulses cultivation of gram
and lentil as sole crops as well as intercrop with wheat.
Component
Physical target
Financial target
(Lakh Rupees)
Demonstration
6820 acre
136.40
Distribution of Seed
3410 qtls.
40.92
Sprinkler Set
3410 Acre
375.10
Rhizobium Culture
3410 Packet
1.71
P.P. Equipment
6820 No.
136.40
P.P. Chemical
1705 ha.
8.53
Total
699.05
Intercropping
Intercropping of Arhar and maize:• The area under Arhar is shrinking due to long duration
crop.
• This crop is quit suitable for intercropping with maize to
enhance the production of Arhar in the State.
• Maize will be a bonus crop in this scheme for the benefit
of farmers.
Intercropping of Arhar and maize
Component
Physical
target
Financial target
Demonstration
2540 ha.
152.40
Distribution of Maize Seed
300 qtls.
3.60
Distribution of Arhar Seed
475 qtls.
5.70
Distribution of Rhizobium
4750 No.
1.19
P.P. Equipment
3400 No.
68.00
P.P. Chemical/Bio-incentive
3100 qtls.
15.50
Total
(Lakh Rupees)
246.39
Intercropping Sugarcane with Pulses,
Coriander and Potato: 2.5 to 2.8 lakh ha. Area is under sugarcane.
There is a great scope of intercropping in this region.
Intercropping Sugarcane with Pulses,
Coriander and Potato
Component
Physical
Financial target
target (qtls.) (Lakh Rupees)
Distribution of Seed
Lentil
3000
36.00
Rajmah
5000
60.00
Black Gram
3000
36.00
Coriander
750
9.00
Potato
80000
160.00
Green Gram
7500
90.00
Total
391.00
Integrated Nutrient Management
Bio-fertilizers i.e. Blue- Green algae & azolla,
azotobacter, PSB, VAM, green manuring etc. may be
promoted among the farmers.
Distribution of micronutrients
To replenish the deficiency of soil micronutrients
namely Zinc, boron etc. is proposed to be given to the
farmers.
Application of Gypsum/Pyrites
Rajendra Agriculture University, Pusa has identified
areas having soil with alkaline reaction. Farmers of the
districts will be incentivised to use gypsum and pyrites
to correct the soil reaction and physical condition
Reclamation of Acidic and sodic soil
Component
Physical
Financial target
(Lakh Rupees)
target (hac.)
Acidic Soil Reclamation
112604
563.02
Sodic Soil Reclamation
19833
99.16
Total
662.18
Expected outcome after the implementation
of the project
Name of the
Crop
Area
(Lakh Ha.)
Present
Productivity
(Qtls./Ha)
Targeted
Productivity
(Qtls./Ha)
Present
Targeted
Production Production
(Lakh M.T.) (Lakh M.T.)
HYV Rice
30.04
16.00
22.50
Hybrid Rice
2.18
Boro &
summer Rice
2.93
17.81
25.70
1.87
7.53
Total Rice
35.15
16.90
35.56
58.11
87.76
Wheat
21.31
23.80
30.00
50.71
63.93
Kharif Maize
2.58
16.78
18.01
4.33
4.64
Rabi Maize
2.06
35.97
38.65
7.41
7.96
Summer
Maize
1.81
31.55
33.35
5.71
6.04
Total Maize
6.45
28.10
30.00
17.45
18.64
Total Pulses
6.10
9.00
12.00
5.49
7.32
56.24
58.00
67.59
12.64