g
Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel
A “SMART” Solution
Transportation Research Board Committee ADC60
Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure Workshop
1
Randall
J. Essex, P.E., Executive Vice President
World’s Largest Flood Control Tunnelg
Malaysia is one of the world’s
fastest-growing economies.
Its capital, Kuala Lumpur (KL), has
been the powerhouse of this growth
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World’s Largest Flood Control Tunnelg
But monsoon rains have created
severe flooding and devastating
destruction for decades
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Initial Challenge: Divert the Flooding
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Upper River
Intercept upper river, and
convey flows under city to
lower river (blue)
During dry periods, use
central third of tunnel to
convey traffic (red)
Lower River
4
Discovery Channel Special:
“Extreme Engineering” g
5
Major Hydraulic Components g
Upstream water diversion
structure and holding pond
Inlet structure
North Junction gates
Downstream diversion structure
South Junction gates and pump station
Downstream detention pond
6
Physical Hydraulic Features g
Level m datum
30
Upstream
water
gates
Upstream Tunnel
(Upper Barrel)
TWL
Upper
Rd Deck
20
Downstream
water
gates
Culvert
10
Road Gates in branch
tunnels to exits
upstream and downstream
0
2000
4000
6000
Distance (approx scale)
7
Min WL
Lower
Rd Deck
Lower
0
-2000
Sg Kerayong
Upstream
Holding
Pond
Min WL
Outlet culvert and gates
TWL
Tunnel Outlet Gates
and Pump Stn
S Junction Box
& Pump Stn
S Vent Shaft
N Vent Shaft
N Junction Box
Ground Levels
Surge Shaft
40
Tunnel Inlet
50
Sg Klang
Diversion gates
 Storage, surge shafts, and pumping
Downstream
Tunnel
(Lower Barrel)
8000
Downstream
Storage
Pond
10000
12000
Gatehouses g
North Gate House
Surge Shafts
above
Flood Flow
Road entrance
and Exit
North
Ventilation
Shaft
North
Junction Box
To South
Junction Box
Lower Deck Road Gate
(rising flap)
(Upper Gate Above)
Plan on Lower Road Deck
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Hydraulic Operation g
NO STORM
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Hydraulic Operation g
NO STORM
MOST STORMS (7-10/YR)
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Roadway Tunnel Operation g
NO STORM
MOST STORMS (7-10/YR)
MAJOR STORMS (2 EVERY 5 YRS)
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World’s First Bored Doubleg
Deck Roadway Tunnel



1.9-mile highway tunnel
–
Upper and lower decks
–
2 x 11 ft lanes
–
Emergency lane
Design speed 40 mph
–
Indicated speed 35 mph
–
800 ft curve radius
Headroom 8.2 ft
–
Cars only
–
10 MW fire load
 Electrical/Systems
– full submergence
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Flood water entrance g
Video of Tunnel Flooding
Maximum diversion capacity: 280 m3/sec = 4.4 M gals/min)
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Bored Tunnels g

Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs
 Pressurized face slurry shields
 One-pass bolted and gasketed
segmental lining
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Bored Tunnels g

Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs
 Pressurized face slurry shields
 One-pass bolted and gasketed
segmental lining
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Bored Tunnels g

Twin 43 ft diameter TBMs
 Pressurized face slurry shields
 One-pass bolted and gasketed
segmental lining
 Mined total of 6.5 miles in two
directions from single slot trench
workers
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Construction g
17
Construction g
18
Toll Plaza g
19
Entrance Ramp g
20
Lower Roadway Deck g
21
Upper Roadway Deck g
22
Exit Ramp g
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Current Use
50
g
250
Annual events
2007 - 2011
45
40
200
35
30
150
Annual event
M2 = invert only
M3 = Lower deck
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Cumulative events
20
100
15
10
50
5
0
0
M2
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M3
M2
M3
2007
2008
2
2
M2
M3
2009
Year
M2
M3
2010
M2
M3
2011
1
Client Satisfaction g
“With SMART under our belt
we can be confident that we’ll
be ready when a big flood
arrives”
Contractor: MMC/ Gamuda JV
Engineer: Hatch Mott MacDonald – sub to Gamuda
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