Medical Mycology
Classification of Mycoses
Hugh B. Fackrell
Filename Fungi_classi.ppt
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Mycology
Mycology: Study of fungi
 Mycoses: fungal infections
 Mytoxicosis- intoxicaton
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Fungi
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Molds- filamentous
– Penicillium, mushrooms

Yeasts- unicellular
– Fission yeasts
– Budding Yeasts
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Dimorphic Fungi
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Molds & Fleshy Fungi
Thallus: filaments of cells
– visible mycelium
 Hypha; individual filament
– Septate hyphae
– Coenocytic hyphae
 Growth:

– at tip of hyphae
– vegetative growth from fragments
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Vegetative Structures
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Mycelium
Vegetative Hyphae
 Reproductive Hyphae

– aerial hyphae above media
– Reproductive spores
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Molds: Reproduction

Asexual
– Grow from fragments
– asexual spores

Sexual
– Sexual spores ( less frequent)
– two strains of fungi
– fusion of nuclei
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Asexual Spores

Conidospore
– Arthrospore
– Blastospore
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Chlamydospore
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Conidiospore
Asexual spore
– Mitosis
– Not enclosed by a SAC
– chains
 Conidiophore: filament that forms
Conidospore

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ConidioSpores
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Arthrospores
– thickened fragments of septate hyphae
– Coccidioides
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Blastospores
– thickened wall
– Bud from the parent cell
– Candida, Cryptococcus
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Chlamydospores
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Asexual spore contained within hypha
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Sporangium
Sac of spores
 Sporangiospore- Spores
 Sproangiophore- aerial hypha with
sporangium
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Medically Important Fungi
Deuteromycota- no sexual spores
 Zygomycota- coenocytic fungi
 Ascomycota
– septate
– dust like spore

Basidomycota
– septate
– fleshy base; mushrooms
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Opportunistic mycoses
Candidiasis
 Aspergillosis,
 Mucormycosis
 Phycomycosis
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Superficial Fungal Infections

Skin Infections
– limited to Stratum corneum
– do not penetrate deeper tissues
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No inflammation
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Superficial mycoses
Black piedra
 White piedra
 Pityriasis vericolor
 tinea nigra
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Cutaneous Mycoses
Dermatophytoses
 Dermatomycoses
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Subcutaneous Mycoses
Caused by trauma [puncture]and
introduction of the fungus and bacteria.
 Chromoblasomycosis
 Phaeohypomycosis
 Mycetoma
 Sporotrichosis
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Systemic or Deep Mycoses
Histoplasmosis
 Coccidiomycosis
 Blastomycosis
 Cryptococcosis
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Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus neoformans
 Sporadic
 Pigeons
 Meningitis form
– fatal
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Systemic Mycoses:
Disease Patterns
 Subacute
respiratory infection
 Acute infection
 Severe disseminated infection
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Systemic Mycoses:
Subacute Respiratory Infection
Low fever
 Non-productive cough
 Mild & self limiting
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Systemic Mycoses:
Acute Infections

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Productive cough
purulent sputum
pain in chest
Weight loss.
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night sweats
X-ray positive
one,many lesions
consolidation
Differential diagnosis: pneumonia, tumour.
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Systemic Mycoses:
Severe Disseminated Infections

Acute Infections +
– spread to other organs
– chronic
Differential diagnosis t.b.
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Presentation Outline
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Disease Mechanisms 
Entry
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Adaptation
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Propagation
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Dissemination
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Host Factors
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Fungal Factors
Classification of Mycoses
site
route
virulence
Epidemiology
Fungal Diseases
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