GATEWAY
DRUGS
&
CURRENT TRENDS
Presented by:
Our Mission
To reduce the impact of alcohol, drugs and other addictions by
providing quality services to individuals, families and the community.
Our Services
– Assessment & Referral
– Family and Education Services
– Prevention
Contact Us
– (816) 361-5900 or (913) 233-0747
– www.firstcallkc.org
– “Help is Just a Phone Call Away”
Understanding Addiction
1,2,3 - 4,5,6 - 7,8,9
Addiction in Children
Brain maturation
Legal drinking age
Addiction “window”
Quiz Time
About one in ____ Missouri high school students is
a cigarette smoker.
On average, young people in Missouri
begin drinking at ___.__ years of age.
Teens who smoke cigarettes are ___ times more
likely to use marijuana than those who don’t smoke
cigarettes.
About 1 in 4 Missouri high school students is a
cigarette smoker.
On average, young people in Missouri
begin drinking at 12.7 years of age.
Teens who smoke cigarettes are 8 times more
likely to use marijuana than those who don’t smoke
cigarettes.
Drugs of Abuse
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Narcotics
Quiz Time (again)
Nicotine is a...
Alcohol is a…
Marijuana is a…
Bonus point:
___________, _________ and __________
are commonly referred to as GATEWAY drugs.
Stimulants
Nicotine
Caffeine
Ephedrine
Pseudo-ephedrine
Ritalin/Adderall
Amphetamines
Cocaine
Crack Cocaine
Meth
Khat
Symptoms/Effects
Short Term
– Increased heart rate
– Alertness/ Restlessness/
Anxiety
– Exhilaration/ Excess energy
– Sleeplessness
– Loss of Appetite
– Shakiness
– Sweating
– Blurred vision
– Poor focus or concentration
– High fever
Long Term
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Weight Loss
Irregular heartbeat
Chest pain
Paranoia
Delusions
Hallucinations
Seizures
Coma
Stroke
Heart failure
Death
Combining with alcohol or other drugs is especially dangerous.
Nicotine
3,000 kids become regular
smokers every day
The level of nicotine in U.S. cigarettes has
risen about 10 percent in the past six years,
making it easier to get hooked and harder to
quit
The three most popular cigarette brands
with young smokers : Marlboro, Newport
and Camel.
Remember this guy?
Today’s marketing tactics
Camel No. 9
Sex sells
… & yes!: these ads appeal to youth
hookahs & hookah bars
Camel “Crush”
Don’t Forget to Remind Kids…
Smoking causes:
Cancer
Heart Disease
Bad breath
Stained teeth
Wrinkles
Shortness of breath
& It’s an expensive habit!
Caffeine
Traditionally, a cup of coffee
has been 6 ounces
A “Grande” at Starbuck’s is
16 ounces
Starbuck's brewing
instructions recommend
“two tablespoons of ground coffee
for each 6 ounces of water."
Energy Drinks
~ 88 mg of caffeine per
can of Red Bull
Beware of the danger (&
trend) of mixing with
alcohol
Watch for alcohol
content in energy drinks
Depressants
Sedatives, Sedative-Hypnotics and Tranquilizers
Old School Pills
– Barbiturates
– Benzodiazepines
(Valium and Librium)
– Phenobarbital
– Quaaludes
… among others
Today’s “downers”
– Nembutal
– Ambien, Ativan, Halcion,
Lunesta, Restoril, Xanax
– Benadryl
& other antihistamines
– GHB
– Rohypnol
– Alcohol
Short Term Effects/ Symptoms
Sense of calm or well-being
Sleepiness
Lethargy
Decreased Vital Signs
Clumsiness
Difficulty in concentrating
Risk of overdose (in combination or
alone)
Long Term Effects
Confusion
Disorientation
Memory Problems
Tolerance
Addiction
Weak Muscles
Liver Problems
The effects of alcohol
The most commonly used drug
Produces intoxication – a sense of euphoria
Depresses brain functioning (in “layers”)
– Cognitive
– Emotional
– Fine Motor Skills
– Gross Motor Skills
– Reflexes
Urination, vomiting, passing out - the body’s defenses
against alcohol poisoning
Tolerance develops and addiction can occur
Blood Alcohol Concentration
and Behavior
0.00% BAC
Lowered inhibitions
Some loss of motor coordination
Decreased alertness
___
~ .08%
COGNTION
Reduced social inhibition
Impaired ability to drive
EMOTION
Increased loss of coordination
FINE MOTOR
Slowed reaction time
Clumsiness, exaggerated emotions
GROSS MOTOR
Unsteadiness
REFLEXES
Hostile or aggressive behavior
Slurred speech
Severe Intoxication
Inability to walk
Confused
Incapacitated, loss of feeling
Difficult to arouse
Unconsciousness
Coma
Death due to organ failure (heart, kidney)
0.50% BAC
Having a BAC of .08% means that a person has one
drop of alcohol per 800 drops of blood in the body.
Particular Issues of Concern for Youth
Binge Drinking
Tolerance & Addiction
Drunk Driving
Date Rape
Stats to consider
Alcohol kills many more teenagers than all illicit drugs
combined.
Alcohol is a factor in the 4 leading causes of death among
persons ages 10 to 24.
People who begin drinking before age 15 are 4 Xs more likely
to develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drinking
at age 21.
More than 67% of people who start drinking before 15 will try an
illicit drug.
Don’t Forget to Remind Kids…
Alcohol causes:
Liver, heart and brain damage
Loss of appetite
Vitamin deficiencies
Stomach ailments
Skin problems
Bad breath
Sexual problems
Memory loss
Kiddie cocktails
“Peels”
Alcopops
“B-to-the-E”
Party Games
“Pass Out”
Mixing with Red Bull
& other energy drinks
Jello shots
Zippers
Mike’s Hard Lemonade
College consumptions
Hpnotiq (new mixer of choice)
Bacardi Silvers
Flavored Vodkas
Alcohol Without Liquor
21 birthday shots
hookahs
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
– Hash
– Hash Oil
Psilocybin (‘shrooms)
Dextromethorphan
Ecstasy
Mescaline
LSD
Disassociatives
– PCP
– Ketamine
Effects
Short Term
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Euphoria or Dysphoria
Feeling connection with others
Altered consciousness
Disconnected from reality
Unpredictable behavior
Long Term
– Danger of latent psychological problems being exacerbated
– Flashbacks
Emotional
Somatic
Perceptual
Marijuana
Signs & Symptoms
Relaxation
“Munchies”
Dry Mouth
Red Eyes
Thought Interruption
Anxiety
Paranoia
Marijuana
Effects
Distorted perceptions
Increased heart rate
Slower Reflexes
Interference in the brain
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Memory
Concentration
Coordination
Learning
Ability to problem solve
Panic Attacks
Reproductive organ changes
Respiratory problems
Addiction?
Amotivational syndrome
Cancer ?
Inhalants
“Anything that Paints, Polishes or Propels”
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Spray Paint, Vanish, Glue
Wite-Out, Markers
Nail Polish Remover, Acetone, Ether
Gasoline, Aerosol Cans, Mineral Spirits, Freon
“Huffers” generally concentrate the vapors for
inhaling in a plastic bag or can
Popular with young drug users
Physical Effects
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Loss of appetite
Muscle or joint pain
Headache
Drowsiness or fatigue
Insomnia
Indigestion or stomach problems
Severe brain damage
Death (a possibility with every use!)
There is no safe use of inhalants
Signs of use
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Appearance of intoxication
Anxiousness or irritability
Changes in eating and/or sleeping habits
Slurred speech
Spots or sores around nose and mouth
Red or runny eyes or nose
Chemical odors on clothing
Paint on hands or face
Again:
There is no safe use of inhalants
Chronic abuse can result in:
Diminished memory & reasoning abilities
Heart malfunction
Deterioration of certain parts of the brain
Loss of IQ points
Permanent damage to kidneys, lungs and bone marrow
Finally…
There is no safe use of inhalants
Video head cleaner
Brief head rush
Skin flushing
Muscle relaxation
Liver damage
Laughing Gas
Analgesia, euphoria, mild sedation
Numbing of nerve endings due to
B12 depletion (fingers & and toes)
the new generation gap:
current drug use trends
Know what these are … ?
… ‘ how ‘bout this one?
Prescription Meds and OTCs
Commonly abused meds
Ritalin/Adderoll
Cough syrup (with DXM)
Cold meds like NyQuil
Pain meds
Anything in the medicine cabinet
“Generation Rx”
2.3 million 12-17 year olds took meds illegally in ’03
… that’s 3 Xs the number who did so in ’92.
1 in 3 teens … 1 in 4 …. 1 in 5 … 1 in 10 …
Why?
They’re easy to access
They’re cheap (or free)
They’re “everywhere”
“RoboTripping”
Overdosing on Dextromethoprhan (DXM)
Active drug found in OTC cough medicines
Slang terms:
Robotripping
CCC
Smurfing
Robofizz
Skittles
Triple Cs
Narcotics
(pain relievers)
Codeine
Tylenol 3 or 4
Oxycontin/ Oxycodone
Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
Percocet
Darvon
Fentanyl
Morphine
Opium
Heroin
Methadone
Effects
Short Term
Pain Relief
Euphoria
Respiratory depression
Potential for overdose
Long Term
Addiction
Detox is Painful
“Pharming”
Every kid contributes to the “grab bag”
Everybody pops one , or a hand-full, randomly
Kids hoard prescribed meds for the next party
Swipe "left overs" in the family medicine cabinets
Take precautions
K2 - - - > K3
http://blogs.pitch.com/plog/2009/11/product_review_will_k
2_synthetic_marijuana_get_you_high.php
“Bath Salts”
• A synthetic CNS stimulant containing 4-MMC
(mephedrone) & MDPV (methylenedioxypryovalerone)
w/ potential for addiction
• “Not for human consumption” (neither is K2/K3)
• Snorted, swallowed, injected w/ 3-4 hour high
• Increase heart rate & blood pressure
… and agitation, hallucinations, extreme
paranoia, delusions, seizures, depressed
mood & suicidal thoughts when coming down
• 292 Nat’l Poison Control Calls in all of 2010;
469 in the 1st 2 mos. of 2011; 34 exposures
reported in MO this year so far.
• aka: “Ocean Snow”, “Lunar Wave”, “Vanilla Sky”
Not Cool Whip
Canisters of Cream is 30 proof while
Whipped Lightning is 36 proof - and is
cheaper than most liquor.
“Cheese”
Moving in from the South
Low grade heroin
+
Tylenol PM
=
Cheese
Cocaine
Fruit-flavored cocaine
• Full potency
• Flavor is chemically infused
• $1K – 1400 per oz. street value
• Market appeal targets kids
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Methy-lene-Dioxy-Meth-Ampehtamine
Taken orally: aspirin-like pill w/ cartoons
Popular club drug (aka ‘X’, Skittles)
Symptoms include
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Grinding Teeth
Hyperthermia (to 110°)
Sleeplessness
Hyponatremia (swelling of the brain)
“Party favors”
– glow toys, jewelry & retainers
– candy necklaces
– surgery masks & menthol
“Extreme Ecstasy”
• Meth-laced MDMA
• Moving in from the North
• Potential for life-threatening overdose increases
when combined with alcohol.
Methamphetamine
A synthetic stimulant
Ingested orally, smoked,
snorted, injected
Made with chemicals
available at local stores.
High lasts several hours,
releases dopamine
Highly addictive
How Old Are Meth Users
Methamphetamine
Symptoms
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Restlessness
Eating sugary junkfood
Weight Loss
Hair Loss
Acne
Cheek streaks
Crank Bugs
Meth mouth
Tinkering
Tweaking
Chemical odor
Effects
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Euphoria
Increased energy
Decreased appetite
Sexual arousal
Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Anxiety
Paranoia
Hyperthermia
Damage to blood vessels
in the brain
– Seizure
Candy-flavored meth
Children living with meth
What to watch for:
Changes in habit
Exhibits lack of boundaries
Anger/ emotional outbursts/ fighting or …
Flat affect/ withdrawl/ detachment or …
Clinging and attention seeking
Changes in appearance:
Deficit in personal grooming
Wearing same clothes
Skin sores or irritations
Poor attendance
Falling grades
Fatigue/ sleeping in class
Repeated complaints of not feeling well
Respiratory problems
Strong odors of chemicals
Knowledgeable of drug processes
Knowledge about sex/ pornography
A recent phone call
“I overheard my nephew talking to a friend
and I think he’s using drugs. What do
thizz and mac mean?”
Access this website for street names.
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/stree
tterms/
Questions???