Clean and Healthy Behavior to Prevent Diarrhoea Diseases

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Clean and Healthy Behavior to
Prevent Diarrhea Diseases
Oleh :
DR. Dr. Bagoes Wijanarko, MPH
Disarikan dari Berbagai Sumber
British cholera epidemics
• 1831-1832:
– first modern outbreak in Britain
– 23,000 deaths
– helped to launch the sanitary reform movement
• 1848-1849:
– 250,000 cases and 53,000 deaths
– Prompted John Snow (and others) to investigate
causes
The Broad Street Pump Outbreak
The London Cholera Epidemic of
September 1848 – August 1849
• Based on his clinical experience and review of
epidemiologic characteristics of cholera, Snow
formulated a theory of causation and
transmission of the disease.
The London Cholera Epidemic of
September 1848 – August 1849
Causal hypothesis
Sewage-contaminated drinking water was a causal
agent for the cholera epidemic
Arguing the Miasma Theory
and
He proved his hypothesis
Current situation
• Diarrhea still become health problem
• Many factors related, encounter various
sectors
Unsecured water
system
House Environtment
Oral-Fecal
Transmission
-Diarhea
-- typhoid fever
- disentri
- Helminthiasis
- hepatitis A
Diarrhea disesase related behavior
• Open defecation
• Water usage
• Others personal hygiene behavior (washing
hand etc)
Factors important to adopt new
behavior
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•
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Complexity
Compatibility
Triallibility
Tangibility
PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE
• People’s health is influenced not just
by, or even principally by, the
availability of medical treatment but
by a range of measures in outside
the health sector (Lalonde, 1974)
Determinant factors of unhealthy
behavior
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•
•
•
•
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Knowledge
Attitude
Social norms
Skill
Social influence
Enabling factors
HEALTH EDUCATION
• Is any combination of learning
experiences designed to facilitate
voluntary adoptions of behavior
conducive to health
• The process of enabling people to
increase control over, and to improve
their health
HEALTH PROMOTION
• Any combination of educational,
organizational, policy and regulatory
support for environmental and
behavioral changes conducive to
health
OTTAWA CHARTER 1986
* build healthy public policy
* create supportive environments
* strengthen community action
* develop personal skills
* reorient health services
Clean & Hygienic Behaviour
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Individual
Family
Community
Public space
School
Market (Tradisional)
Hotel & Restaurant
Pengertian
“…
Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh
Perorangan-Kelompok-Masyarakat yg
sesuai dengan norma-norma
kesehatan untuk memperoleh Derajat
Kesehatan yang optimal, menolong
dirinya sendiri dan berperan serta aktif
dalam Pembangunan Kesehatan…”
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INDICATORS
Rumah Tangga yang memenuhi :
•
Sembilan (9) indikator PHBS di Rumah Tangga
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
•
Pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatan
Bayi diberi ASI saja sejak lahir – 6 bulan
Mempunyai JPK (Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan)
Ketersediaan air bersih
Ketersediaan jamban
Kesesuaian luas lantai dengan penghuni (9 m2/orang)
Lantai rumah bukan dari tanah
Cuci tangan dengan sabun
Rumah bebas jentik
Tiga (3) indikator gaya hidup
1.
2.
3.
Makan buah dan sayur setiap hari
Melakukan aktifitas fisik setiap hari
Tidak merokok di dalam rumah
Principle of CHB program
•
•
•
•
•
Healthy Paradigm
Pro active increasing health status
Preventing Community to do Risk factors
Protect people from health hazards
Working together with community
(participatory)
• Facilitating community to do healthy behavior
Strategy
• ADVOKASI
• SOCIAL SUPPORT
• EMPOWERMENT
STRATEGI, BENTUK & PESAN UTAMA PHBS
BENTUK KEGIATAN
STRATEGI :
•ADVOKASI
•SOCIAL SUPPORT
•EMPOWERMENT
1. PEMBERDAYAAN MASY
2. PEMBEDY. KEMITRAAN
3. PENGEMBANGAN SDM &
IPTEK
4. PENGEMBANGAN INFRA
STRUKTUR, MEDIA &
SARANA
PESAN
UTAMA
TEMA  KES = HAM DAN
INVESTASI.
FOKUS  Ketahan Keluarga,
Kepedulian Terhadap
Lingkungan.
Prioritas Aktivitas Fisik/Olahraga,
Diet/Gizi Seimbang, No Smoking
dll
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Advocation
Working with community
Building the social support
Working with community
PHBS TATANAN
RUMAH TANGGA
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Pengertian
“....Upaya untuk memberdayakan anggota RT
agar tahu, mau, dan mampu mempraktikkan
perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat serta
berperan aktif dalam gerakan kesehatan di
masyarakat ....”
31
Sasaran
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PUS
Ibu Hamil & Ibu Menyusui
Anak & Remaja
Usila
Pengasuh Anak
32
Indikator PHBS Tatanan RT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Pertolongan Persalinan o/ Nakes
Bayi diberi ASI Eksklusif
Mempunyai JPKM
Ketersediaan Air Bersih
Ketersediaan Jamban Sehat
Kesesuaian Luas lantai dgn Jumlah Penghuni
Lantai Rumah bukan Tanah
Tidak Merokok di dalam Rumah
Melakukan Aktifitas Fisik Setiap Hari
Makan Buah dan Sayur Setiap Hari
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Pola Pembinaan PHBS
pd Tatanan Rumah Tangga
1. TAHAP PERSIAPAN :
A. Sosialisasi & Advocacy Kesehatan
B. Persiapan Sarana
C. Persiapan Administrasi
D. Persiapan Pelaksana
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Pola Pembinaan PHBS
pd Tatanan Rumah Tangga
2. TAHAP PENGKAJIAN :
A. Pengkajian Masalah Penyakit ( 10
Penyakit terbesar)
B. Pengkajian Sumber Daya
C. Pemetaan Wilayah
D. Pengakajian Sumber Daya
35
Pola Pembinaan PHBS
pd Tatanan Rumah Tangga
3. TAHAP PERENCANAAN :
A. Menentukan Prioritas
B. Menentukan Tujuan
C. Menentukan Jenis Kegiatan/Intervensi
D. Jadwal Kegiatan
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Pola Pembinaan PHBS
pd Tatanan Rumah Tangga
4. TAHAP PENGGERAKKAN / PELAKSANAAN :
A. Advocacy
B. Social Support
C. Empowerment
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Pola Pembinaan PHBS
pd Tatanan Rumah Tangga
5. TAHAP PEMANTAUAN & EVALUASI :
A. Pemantauan
B. Evaluasi
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TERIMA KASIH
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