Outdoor furniture testing -Physical
户外家具测试-物理部分
Jun. 29, 2011
Donna Gu
Content-Physical
内容-物理部分
 Recall case 分享召回案例
 Failure case 分享实验室常见不合格案例
 European outdoor testing standards 分享欧
洲户外检测标准
2
Search site of recall cases
召回案例查询网站
 http://www.cpsc.gov/
 http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/dyna/rapex/
create_rapex_search.cfm
3
Several general facets of recall cases
召回案例常见几个方面
 Safety question of construction design由于结构设计导致的
安全问题召回
 Failure of Mechanical strength 由于机械强度不足召回
 Chemical matter recall 由于化学物质超标召回
 Fire retardant recall由于阻燃不利召回
4
Recall case召回案例

Category: Furniture
分类： 家具
Product: Folding chair - Black folding chair, 3 positions
产品：折叠椅-黑色，有3个调节位置
Brand: EDL
品牌: EDL
型号: Type/number of model Ref.: gencod: 21502170
Description: Black folding chair.
描述: 黑色折叠椅.
Country of origin: China
原产国: 中国

Injure 伤害
The product poses a risk of injuries because the possibility of falling
and crushing fingers.
The product does not comply with the relevant European standards
EN 581 and EN 1022.该样品使用中会倾翻，并且会夹手。
该样品不符合EN581和EN1022。
5
Recall case 召回案例

Category: Furniture
分类： 家具
roduct: Garden furniture - Oler
产品： 花园椅
Brand: Nefryt
品牌： Nefryt
型号： EAN: 80180640356180; 001322; HP 09.
Description: The product is an outdoor, folding arm-chair made of
hard plastic, coloured forest green. The product is packed in a
plastic, transparent bag. On the product there are stickers with
information concerning the product and trader/manufacturer.
Maximum 90 kg.
描述： 该样品是户外用的的折叠椅，硬质塑料，绿色。最大承重
90kg。
Country of origin: China
原产国: 中国

Injure 伤害
The product poses a risk of injuries due to insufficient durability of
the armrests, which can easily break. This can lead to a lack of
stability and cause the user to fall, resulting in serious injuries of
head and limbs.
该样品扶手强度不够，容易损坏，这样会导致使用者倾翻，伤害头
部和肘部。该样品出现了1起安全事故，另外若干起投诉。
6
召回案例

Category: Furniture
分类： 家具
Product: Folding chair
产品：折叠椅
Brand: Mäc-Geiz
品牌： Mäc-Geiz
Type/number of model: 8711295591808
型号： 8711295591808
Description: Folding Chair with a top in triangle shape描述： 折
叠椅三角形椅面
Country of origin: China 原产国：中国

Injury 伤害
The product poses a risk of injuries because fingers can get
entrapped in the folding scissor mechanism underneath the
seat.
The product does not comply with the relevant European
standard EN 581该样品存在剪切点和挤压点危险，不符合EN581
的要求。
7
召回案例
 Category: Furniture
分类： 家具
Product: Garden chair - Wooden Directors Chairs 2
Pack
产品： 花园椅
Brand: Tesco
品牌：Tesco乐购
Type/number of model:型号： EAN 5051898183547
Description: Hove table and 4 chairs comprising of 2
pack wooden directors chairs EAN描述：该套样品共
有4张椅子和一张桌子，椅子不合格，桌子合格。
Country of origin: Vietnam
原产国：越南
 Injury 伤害
The product poses a risk of injuries because there is
a risk of the chair collapsing under certain load
conditions. Six incidents reported样品强度不合格，
导致了6起事故。
8
召回案例

Category: Furniture
分类：家具
Product: Rocking chair
产品：摇椅
Brand: Lazypap
品牌： Lazypap
Type/number of model:型号： 111013-2,
Description: The frame of the rocking chair is made from
rattan; the seating part and backrest are made from natural
material. The seat is provided with a cushion made of PVC
foam covered in brown textile material.描述：该摇椅的框架
是藤条所制，椅面椅背部分是天然材料，椅面椅背配有PVC垫
子，出售时无包装。
Country of origin: Indonesia原产国：印度尼西亚

Injury 伤害
The product poses a risk of injuries because it can tip over.
The product does not comply with the relevant European
standard EN 1022.
该样品使用时会倾翻，不符合EN1022。
9
召回案例
 Category: Furniture
分类： 家具
Product: Deckchair
产品：帆布躺椅
Brand: Soltera
品牌：Soltera
Type/number of model:型号： SOLTERA KENT
Description: Deckchair.
描述：帆布躺椅.
Country of origin: Vietnam
原产国：越南
 Injury 伤害
The product poses a risk of injuries because the locking
mechanisms, which should hold the legs of the chair in
place, are assembled the wrong way round and do not
work as intended.
该样品的锁定机构不能有效的锁紧椅腿。
10
召回案例
 Category: Furniture
分类： 家具
Product: Relax chair - Wooden 2-position relax chair
产品类型：休闲椅
Brand: Ellen
品牌：Ellen
Type/number of model:型号： EAN 6405422521791
Product number:产品货号： 300096358
Supplier’s product number: OF210销售商货号： OF210
Description: White or unpainted relax chair.
产品描述：白色休闲椅
Country of origin: Vietnam
原产国：越南
 Injury 伤害
the backrest and side stretchers have sharp edges, when
lifted from the armrests, the backrest can come out of its
stop locations, the body of chair breaks during the arm
impact test.
not comply with the relevant European standard EN 581.
靠背出现尖点利边。当移动扶手时，靠背支撑部分会松动，
不能定位。当进行扶手冲击测试时休闲椅结构被破坏。
该产品不符合EN581的要求。
11
召回案例

Category: Garden Furniture
分类： 花园家具
product：Folding chair
产品类型：花园折叠椅
Brand: Unknown
品牌：未知
Type/number of model:型号：EAN 4003368173009
Country of origin: Germany
原产国：德国

Injury 伤害
The product poses a serious risk of crash/jam/brake of
fingers because it does not have a locking mechanism
when unfolded. When attempting to move the chair by
lifting the seat, there is a possible risk of shear and
squeeze point between movable parts of the folding
construction of the product. The product does not
comply with the relevant European standard EN 581由
于缺少锁定机构，样品了产生剪切点和挤压点。
事故报道：1例。一位8岁小孩的双手手指被夹。
该产品不符合EN581的要求。
12
召回案例

Category: Furniture
分类： 家具
Product: Table - Jet Set
产品：桌子
Brand: Unknown
品牌: 未知
Type/number of model:型号： RF 1022 - 1 DT; barcode 100015890.
Description: Folding table with glass top, spring-mounted.
描述： 玻璃台面折叠桌，带有弹簧机构
Country of origin: Malaysia原产国：马来西亚

Injury 伤害
The product poses a risk of injuries due to shearing and pinching points which
are created when the table is folded. There is a particular risk of trapping
parts of the body if the user attempts to open the table whilst the table is
upside down or on its side because the table could spring open violently.
该样品折叠时产生剪切点和挤压点，并且这种危险的出现使用者无发控制，导
致1起事故。
13
户外家具常用标准
 EN 581-1:2006 Outdoor furniture-Seating and tables for camping,
domestic and contract use-Part 1:general safety requirements户
外家具—露营、家用和公共场合用椅子和桌子—第1部分：总的安
全要求
 EN 581-2:2009 Outdoor furniture —Seating and tables for
camping, domestic and contract use Part 2: Mechanical safety
requirements and test methods for seating户外家具—露营、家用
和公共场合用椅子和桌子—第2部分：椅子的机械安全要求和测试
方法
 EN 1022:2005 Domestic furniture – Seating – Determination of
stability 室内用椅子的稳定性测试
 EN 581-3:2007 Outdoor furniture —Seating and tables for
camping, domestic and contract use —Part 3: Mechanical safety
requirements and test methods for tables 户外家具—椅子和桌子
—第3部分：桌子的机械安全要求和测试方法
14
EN 581-1:2006
 Scope 范围
Specifies the general safety requirements
for outdoor seating and tables for camping,
domestic and contract use.
针对户外座椅类、桌类一般安全要求。主要
包括露营类、花园类、公共场合类等户外家
具。
注：It does not apply to removable upholstery,
coverings and permanently fixed furniture
永久固定的室外家具、高使用要求的室外公
共场合家具、路边家具不适用于此份标准
15
EN 581-1:2006
Grade and level of selected of
outdoor furniture
户外家具的分级和级别的选定
1. Camping 露营类户外家具
2. Domestic 家庭类户外家具
3. Contract 公共场所用家具
16
EN 581-1:2006
 Three facets 三个方面
1. Edges and corners
尖角、利边
2. Tubular components, holes
and gaps accessible during
use 孔洞、间隙
3. Shear and squeeze points
剪切点、挤压点
17
EN 581-1:2006

All other edges and corners 所有的边以及角落
Requirement 要求:
1. For table tops the edges and corners which are directly in contact with the
user shall be rounded or chamfered 使用者在实际使用中会直接接触到的
部件的边和角必须倒圆角或者倒斜角 ，如座面、靠背、扶手、桌边、桌面
等
2. All other edges and corners of seating and tables, accessible during use
shall be free from burrs or/and sharp edges.其他使用者可能接触的部件
必须没有锋利的边或者毛刺, 如座位背面、扶手背面、桌底、桌腿等
18
Failure case 不合格案例
19
EN 581-1:2006
 Tubular components, holes and gaps accessible during use 管
状部件、孔洞及使用过程中可触及的间隙等
Requirements 要求:
Tubular components, holes and gaps accessible during use shall be
covered if a 7 mm or 12 mm test probe can be pushed into them in
any direction with a maximum force of 30 N to a depth of more than
10 mm and cannot be pulled out again in the reverse direction by a
maximum force of 30 N.
任何可接触的管状部件、开孔、间隙等，在一个7mm或者12mm的探棒用
30N的力在任何可能的方向可以深入10mm以上并且需要至少30N以上的
反方向的力才能拔出的情况下，必须被覆盖以防止对手指伤害。
20
EN 581-1:2006
 Shear and squeeze points 剪切或挤压点
Requirements 要求:
在以下三种情况下会产生剪切挤压点，2和3是绝对不允许产生危险点
1. shear and squeeze points that are created only during setting up or
folding are acceptable providing the user can be assumed to be in
control of his/her movements and to be able to cease applying the force
immediately on experiencing pain.在安装、折叠和打开过程中产生的剪切
挤压点是允许的
2. There shall be no accessible shear and squeeze points created by parts
of the furniture operated by powered mechanisms, e.g. mechanical
springs, gas lifts. 在强力装置驱动、启动过程中产生的剪切挤压点是禁止
的，如弹簧、触发装置等
3. There shall be no accessible shear and squeeze points created by loads
applied during normal use. 在使用过程中产生的剪切或挤压点也是不允许
的，如搬运、自重条件下
21
EN 581-1:2006
22
EN 581-2:2009
 Scope 范围
This part of EN 581 specifies the mechanical safety
requirements and test methods of outdoor seating for
camping, domestic and contract use for adults, without
regard to materials, design/construction or manufacturing
processes .
The test requirements are based on use by persons weighing
up to110 kg.
此部分针对户外成人座椅的机械安全要求和相应的测试方法，
包括露营类、花园类、公园类座椅，主要是力学性能方面的
要求。
该标准制定的基础是110kg的使用者。
23
EN 581-2:2009
 Safety requirements 安全要求
The requirements are fulfilled after testing as below:
在每项测试完成后, 不能产生以 下情况：
there are no fractures of any joint, member or component;
结构或部件断裂
there is no loosening of joints intended to be rigid
结构或部件产生松动
the seating fulfils its function after removal of the test loads.
重量移除后样品能保持其原有的功能性
24
EN 581-2:2009
 Seat and back static load test for seating 椅面椅背静载测
试（座椅）
Detail View
25
EN 581-2:2009
 Seat front edge static load test for seating椅面前端静载测
试（座椅）
80mm back from front edge 加载点为椅面前端往后80mm处
26
EN 581-2:2009
 Seat and back fatigue test for seating 椅面椅背疲劳试验（
座椅）
Seat and Back
Fatigue Test
27
EN 581-2:2009
 Fatigue test on back rest mechanism for seating 靠背可调
节机构疲劳测试（座椅）
Back alternative
fatigue Test
28
EN 581-2:2009
 Arm downwards static load test for seating 扶手向下静载测
试（座椅）
Arm downward
static load Test
29
EN 581-2:2009
 Arm fatigue test for seating 手疲劳试验机（座椅）
Arm Fatigue Test
30
EN 581-2:2009
 Leg forward static load test for seating 腿部前向静载强度
测试（座椅）
31
EN 581-2:2009
 Leg sideways static load test for seating 腿部侧向静载强
度测试（座椅）
32
EN 581-2:2009
 Seat impact test for seating 椅面冲击测试（座椅）
33
EN 581-2:2009
 Foot rail static test for high Seating 高椅搁脚静载强度测试
（座椅）
34
EN 581-2:2009
 Seat and back static load test for lounger chair 椅面椅背静
载测试（躺椅）
Seat and Back
Static Load Test
35
EN 581-2:2009
 Seat and back fatigue test for lounger chair 椅面椅背疲劳
试验机（躺椅）
Seat Fatigue Test
36
EN 581-2:2009
 Fatigue test on back rest Mechanism for lounger chair 靠
背可调节机构疲劳测试（躺椅）
Back Alternative
Fatigue Test
37
EN 581-2:2009
 Arm downwards static load test for lounger 扶手向下静载
测试（躺椅）
Arm downward static
load Test
38
EN 581-2:2009
 Arm fatigue test for lounger chair 扶手疲劳试验机（躺椅）
Arm Fatigue Test
39
EN 581-2:2009
 Seat impact test for lounger chair 椅面冲击测试（躺椅）
40
EN 581-2:2009
 Lifting test for lounger chair 抬起测试（躺椅）
41
EN 581-2:2009
 Sideways stability for lounger chair 侧向稳定性测试（躺椅
）
扶手长度大于400mm
42
EN 581-2:2009
 Forward stability for lounger chair 前向稳定性测试（躺椅
）
43
EN 1022:2005
 Scope 范围
This European Standard specifies test methods and requirements for the
determination of the stability of all types of domestic seating for adults 此份
标准规定了各种类型的室内用成人椅的稳定性要求和测试方法
Note 注:
No applicable to adjustable geometry seating where the backrest is at an
angle of 10º or less to the horizontal. 不适用于几何中心可调的、其靠背倾
斜角在10度或10度以下的座椅
There are two methods for stability test 关于稳定性的方法共有两种.
1. Experimental method 实验方法
2. The calculative method 计算的方法（No applicable to seating, which have
variable geometry and to seating, which visibly flex under the applied loads
不适用于几何中心可调的和加载后易形变的座椅）
 Requirements 要求
No overturn during the test 座椅在测试过程中不能倾翻
44
EN 1022:2005
 Forwards overbalancing, all seating 前向稳定性, 所有座椅
1. the front legs or base restrained by stops 用挡块挡住座椅前脚
2. Apply a force of 600N vertically by means of the loading pad acting at those
points 60 mm behind the front edge of the load bearing structure most likely to
result in overturning.在距承力结构前边缘60mm的位置施加垂直向下的力600N.
选择任何可能导致失败的位置进行测试
3. At each loaded position apply a force F of 20 N for at least 5 s horizontally
outwards along a horizontal line extended forward from the point在任何加载力
的位置，沿座位平面向外施加20N的力，保持5秒，看是否发生倾翻
45
EN 1022:2005
 Forwards overturning for seating with
footrest 带搁脚凳座椅的前向稳定性
1.
the front legs or base restrained by stops 用
挡块挡住座椅前脚
2.
Apply a force of 600N vertically by means of
the loading pad acting at those points 60 mm
behind the front edge of the footrests most
likely to result in overturning 在距搁脚凳前
边缘60mm的位置施加垂直向下的力
600N.选择任何可能导致失败的位置进行
测试
3. At each loaded position apply a force F of 20 N
for at least 5 s horizontally outwards along a
horizontal line extended forward from the
point 在任何加载力的位置，沿座面平面
向外施加20N的力，保持5秒，看是否发
生倾翻
46
EN 1022:2005
 Sideways overbalancing, all seating
without arms 没有扶手座椅的侧向稳定性
1.
the front legs or base restrained by stops 用挡块
挡住座椅侧向脚
2. Apply a force of 600 N vertically by means
of the loading pad at those points 60 mm
behind the edge of theload bearing
structure of the side nearest the stopped
feet most likely to result in overturning.在距
侧向挡脚承力结构边缘60mm的位置施加垂
直向下的力600N.选择任何可能导致失败的
位置进行测试
3. Apply a sideways force F of 20 N horizontally
outwards for at least 5 s along a line from
the point where the base of the loading pad
meets the upper surface of the seat在任何
加载力的位置，沿座面平面侧向向外施加
20N的力，保持5秒，看是否发生倾翻
47
EN 1022:2005

Sideways overbalancing, all seating with arms 带扶手座
椅的侧向稳定性
1.
with the side legs or base restrained by stops用挡块挡住坐
椅侧向脚
2. Apply a vertical force F of 350 N at a position on the centre
line of the arm up to a maximum 40 mm inwards from the
outer edge of the arm structure at the most adverse position
along its length.在扶手中心线上前端向内40mm范围内最不
利的位置向下加载垂直力350N
3. Apply a vertical force of 250 N at a point 100 mm to the side
of the fore and aft centre line of the seat which is nearest
the stopped feet and at the same distance from the backrest
as the arm loads.在座椅中心线靠挡块的方向100mm的位置
加载250N,加载力的位置距离靠背的距离和扶手距离靠背的
距离相同
4. Apply a horizontal force F of 20 N outwards, and
perpendicular to the line joining the stopped feet, for at least
5 s, at the upper surface of the armrest in line with the
vertical arm force and on the side with stopped feet 沿扶手
平面向外施加20N的力，保持5秒，看是否发生倾翻
48
EN 1022:2005

Rearwards overbalancing, all seating with backs 带靠背座
椅的后向稳定性
only applies to seating with backs extending 50 mm or more
above the unloaded seat仅适用于靠背高度超过50mm的座椅
1.
All adjustable backs shall be set in their most upright position
可调靠背调节至靠背最垂直的位置
2.
All adjustable backs shall be set in their most upright position
用挡块挡住坐椅后脚
3.
Apply a vertical force of 600 N to the seat 在座面加载点加载
600N垂直力
4. Apply the force F horizontally for at least 5 s in a rearward
direction to the back of the seating at the point Determined by
the loading point template, or at the top edge of the back rest,
whichever is the lower 在靠背加载点或靠背顶端（选择低点）
施加水平向后的力F,持续5秒看是否翻倒。若座位高度
H>=720mm, F=80N, 否则, F=0.2875(1000-H)，
49
EN 1022:2005
 Tilting chairs 整体倾斜椅
The test method applies to all values of θ ≥
10 and values of γ between 90° and 170°.
该测试方法只使用与 >=10°、 在 90°
和 170°之间的椅子
1. If the seating has a locking system it shall
be set in the fully tilted position 如果样品有
锁定机构，应将样品置于最倾斜位置。
2. Load the seat with 11 loading discs so that
the discs are firmly settled against the back
rest 在座面上加载11个10kg加载盘，加载盘
完全与靠背接触.
3. the seating shall not overturn. 检查样品是
否倾翻
50
EN 1022:2005
 摇椅 Rocking chairs
1. The most adverse floor surfacing shall be
used 将摇椅放置在光滑平整的地面上
2. Load the chair with eight loading discs so
that the discs rest against the chair back.作
用8个10kg加载盘使加载盘作用到靠背上
3. Rock the chair forwards as far as is
practicable or until the back is vertical .
Allow the chair to rock rearwards freely
under gravity 尽可能向前摇动摇椅或直到靠
背垂直为止，然后在自重下向后摇动摇椅
4. the seating shall not overturn 检查样品是否
倾翻
51
EN 1022:2005
 Reclining chairs with footrest 有搁脚的靠背
可调节椅
The test method applies to all values of θ ≥ 10
and less than 55° and values of γ between 90°
and 170°. 该测试方法适用的样品10°≤＜55°、
90° ≤  ≤170°
1. With the chair in the fully reclined configuration
将靠背调至最低位置
0 degree
614mm
2. load the back of the chair with eight loading
discs by means of the support device 通过支撑
装置在靠背上加载8个加载盘
10
564
20
515
3. place three loading discs onto the footrest 在搁
脚上加载3个加载盘，加载位置见表
30
464
45
392
4. the seating shall not overturn 检查样品是否倾翻
60
314
52
EN 1022:2005
 Reclining chairs without footrest 无搁脚的靠
背可调节椅
The test method applies to all values of θ ≥ 10 and
less than 45° and values of y between 90° and
170° 该测试方法适用的样品10°≤＜45°、 90° ≤
 ≤170°
1. Load the back of the chair with eight loading
discs by means of the support device 通过支撑
装置在靠背上加载8个10kg加载盘
2. place three loading discs onto chair at a
distance X from the intersection of the seat and
back在前端加载3个加载盘，加载位置X见表
3. the seating shall not overturn 检查样品是否倾翻
0 degree
474mm
10
424
20
375
30
325
45
252
60
194
53
EN 581-3:2007
 Scope 范围
This European Standard specifies the mechanical safety requirements
and test methods for outdoor tables used by adults for camping,
domestic and contract use without regard to materials,
design/construction or manufacturing processes 此部分规定了户外用成
人桌类的机械安全要求及测试方法，不考虑桌子的材料、设计、结构和生
产工艺
Note: This document does not apply to outdoor furniture for severe
contract use where higher requirements may be necessary, nor does it
apply to street furniture and furniture permanently fixed to the
ground/wall.
注: 此份标准不适用于要求极为苛刻的户外桌类，同样也不适用于街道桌
类及永久固定于墙或地上的桌类
54
EN 581-3:2007
 Stability test under vertical load 在垂直力
作用下的稳定性
1. loading F at most likely to cause overturning,
as far away from the supports as possible,
and at a point 50 mm from the outer edge of
the table top 在距离桌面边缘50mm的位置施
加垂直向下的加载力，任何可能失败的点必须
做测试
2. Test force F测试力值
Determine the force F depend on
the largest dimension
根据桌面的最大尺寸来决定
55
EN 581-3:2007
Tables where the structure is intended to
support a parasol 对于桌子结构可以支撑伞
的水平稳定性
This test only applies to tables that do not
require parasols to be used with their own
bases (排除使用的伞必须和配套伞座使用的
桌子).
Apply a horizontal force F of 30 N at a height
h of 2 200 mm 在高度2200mm的位置施加水
平拉力30N, 看是否倾倒
56
EN 581-3:2007

Vertical static load on the table top 主桌面的垂直静载
强度
1.
for a table top length L ≤ 1 600 mm, at the geometric
centre of the table 若桌面长度 <=1600mm, 在桌面的几何
中心加载指定的力值（见下表）
2. for a table top length L > 1 600 mm, at 2 points positioned
on the longitudinal axis of the table top with 400 mm on
either side of the transversal axis 若桌面长度 >1600mm,
在长边方向距几何中心 400mm 的位置同时加载指定力值
3.
Loading force加载力值 （见下表）
4. Test frequency and parameter 测试频率及参数
Carry out 10 times, the first 9 times 30s ,the last
time 30min 加载10次，前9次保持30秒钟，
Camping
最后一次保持30分钟
500N
Domestic
Contract
750N
1000N
57
EN 581-3:2007
 Horizontal fatigue test 水平疲劳测试
1. Place a mass at the geometric centre of the
table top, 50kg for camping and domestic
use;75kg for contract use在桌面的几何中心放
置50kg载荷(露营及家用）或75kg载荷（公共
场所用）
2. The test may be carried out in a two stage
cycle a, b followed by c, d. 沿a, b方向循环后,
接着c, d方向距桌子边缘50mm的位置加载相
应的力值
3. Loading force 加载力值 （见下表）
Camping
Domestic
Contract
100N
150N
150N
5000
10000
20000
58
EN 581-3:2007
 Vertical static load test on end extensions延伸
面的垂直静载强度
1. In the extended configuration, apply a force F,
100 mm from the outer edge of the table top, at
the middle of the width 在桌子宽度方向的中部
距外边缘100mm的位置施加指定的力值
2. Loading force 加载力值 （见下表）
3. Test frequency 测试频率
Carry out 10 times，the first times ，keep
30s，the last one 30min，with 5 s to 10 s
between applications 执行10次，前9次保持30
秒钟，最后一次保持30分钟 次与次间隔为5秒至
10秒
Camping
100N
Domestic
Contract
200N
350N
59
EN 581-3:2007
 说明书要求 （新）
60
THE END
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contacts
 SGS SHANGHAI FURNITURE TESTING
Email: Donna.Gu @sgs.com
Tel:
021-61402666 ext 2068
Thank you !
We are at your service
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