SEABEE COMBAT
WARFARE
NMCB SPECIFIC
107
CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS FUNDAMENTALS
Contingency Operations
• References:
[a] COMSECONDNCB/COMTHIRDNCBINST
3300.1 Rapid Runway Repair
[b] ABFC View Program,
https://ncf.navy.mil/abfcview/abfcviewabout.cfm
[c] UT Basic Vol. 2, p 2-1
[d] CE Basic p 3-21
[e] FM 5-277, Bailey Bridge
Contingency Operations
[f] TM-08676A-23/2 Medium Girder Bridge,
Marine Corps
[g] AFMAN 10-219, Vol. 4 Rapid Runway
Repair Operations
[h] NAVEDTRA 14081, Equipment
Operators Basic
[i] UFC 3-270-07 Unified Facilities Criteria
O&M Airfield Damage Repair
Contingency Operations
[j] CIN-710-1023, Airfield Damage Repair Crew
Training Guide
[k] Mabey Johnson User Manual
[l] Training Guide for Command Post Bunker S710-1017
[m] Training Guide for Observation Tower S-7101016
[n] Training Guide Heavy Construction 1 A-7100044
OVERVIEW
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Airfield Damage Repair (ADR)
Methods of (ADR)
Battalion Tent Camp Layout
Camp Maintenance
Transportable Bridges
Heavy Timber Construction
Level I
• A Level I schedule lists all of the projects
assigned and contains a broad schedule for
each project. The schedule also includes a
planned rate of accomplishment for the
entire deployment.
Level I
• After the operations officer has balanced the
estimated workload against the battalion’s
manpower skills and equipment the Level I
is submitted through the chain of command
up to the Commanding Officer.
• The level I is updated by the Operations
Officer .
NCF LEVEL II
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Used by company CDRs, Ops
Project specific
By master activity
Bi-weekly bar chart
Quick view of project progress
Planned progress verses actual progress curve
Sitrep input to S3 biweekly
Sitrep input to brigade monthly
NCF LEVEL II
Project #_____________
TITLE Admin Building
ACT# Master Activity
MDS WT%
10 Sitework
19
4
20
U/S Utilities
30
7
30
Foundation/Slab
35
8
40
Walls/Canopy
115
27
50
Roof
41
9
60
Rough Utilities
29
7
70
Exterior Finish
48
11
80
Interior Finish
105
24
90
Finish Utilities
12
3
Total
434 100
MD's Scheduled this Period
Cumulative Man-days Scheduled
% Complete Scheduled (Plot)
MD's Expended This Period
% Man-days Expended
% Work-in-Place (Plot)
4
MAY
11 18
10
8
TOTAL MAN-DAY ESTIMATE 434 TASKED MAN-DAYS 434
JUNE
JULY
AUG
25
1
8 15 22 29
6 13 20 27
3 10 17
9
8
13
5
10
4
5
3
14
15
16
25
29
9
10
2
23
4
18
10
4
4
6
46
46
11
66
112
26
24 31
62
174
40
48
222
51
62
284
65
20
13
3
3
10
16
1
7
14
20
63
347
80
61
408
94
13
34
4
3
9
26
434
100
Level III
• The following information is found on a
Level III barchart.
– Construction Activities
– Start, finish and duration of each
construction activity
– Critical activities
– Free Float
NCF Level III
Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.1
Describe the duties of the following Rapid Runway
Repair (RRR)/ Airfield Damage Repair teams and
state what type of equipment is necessary to perform
their mission under Battle Damage repair
(BDR)/RRR. [ref.a, ch. III]
a. MOS [Annex C]
b. DAT [Annex]
c. Crater/Spall [Annex E,F]
Airfield Damage Repair
• The most important mission of the NCF
after an airfield has been attacked.
• Mission of an NMCB (as tasked by MEF)
– Repair airfield pavement and facilities. Enables
mission essential aircraft to launch and recover.
Airfield Damage Repair
Airfield Damage Repair Priorities
• Damage Assessment
– Rough Initial
– Detailed
• Establish an MOS (Minimum Operating Strip)
• Temporary repair of taxiways and parking aprons
• Establish secondary or back-up operating strips
• Permanently repair all airstrips and taxiways
ADR Phases
Airfield Damage Repair Planning
Mobilization:
– NMCB personnel and equipment ready for
ADR on-site and other deployment sites
Pre-attack:
– Staging and stockpiling operations
Post-attack:
– Temporary repairs to runways and facilities
Airfield restoration:
– Permanent repairs and expansion
Airfield Damage Repair
• Training Requirements
• 46 personnel – E-6 & below ADR Level I
– Crew leaders, DATs
• 20 personnel – E-5 & above ADR Level II
– Command center personnel, crew chiefs, OIC/AOIC
• 6 personnel – E-6 & below Crete mobile
– (All FOD cover crew leaders)
• 72 personnel total trained in battalion
ADR OPERATIONS
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Establish Station Command Center
Establish Battalion Command Center
Establish Damage assessment teams
Establish communications network
Survey Area (DAT)
Recommend Repairs to Air Ops
Make Repairs
Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.1
Describe the duties of the following Rapid Runway
Repair (RRR)/ Airfield Damage Repair teams and
state what type of equipment is necessary to perform
their mission under Battle Damage repair
(BDR)/RRR. [ref.a, ch. III]
a. MOS [Annex C]
b. DAT [Annex]
c. Crater/Spall [Annex E,F]
(MOS) Minimum Operating
Strip
MOS- The launch and recovery surface selected for
repair is called the minimum operating strip (MOS).
The MOS is the area from which aircraft actually
takeoff and land.
When a MOS is combined with access taxiways from
aircraft staging areas such as shelters and parking
ramps, the entire area becomes the minimum airfield
operating surface (MAOS).
MOS Team
Battalion Liaison Officer
• OIC
• AOIC
MOS Selection Team (Primary & Alternate)
• Team Chief
• Selector
• Plotter
• Communicator
MOS Selection Team
1 – Receives information from damage assessment
teams
2 – Plot ALL damage on runway map
3 – Maintain Status Boards
4 – Select new runway location
5 – Determine size of new runway
6 – Determine quality of repair for craters in new MOS
MOS Kit
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Transparent templates for marking MOS
Plotting board
Critical resource charts
Transparent circle templates that match the airfield
map scale
• Markers, Pens, Pencils
• Base map 1:4800 scale (1”=400’)
• Air Field Map 1:1200 scale (1”=100’)
Damage Assessment Team
• Responsible for ALL members on the Damage
Assessment Team
• Organizes & directs the team down the runway.
• Receives all information from Damage
Assessment Team members
• Ensures ALL information is accurately transmitted
to the MOS selection team.
• 5 members (1 EOD, 2 Public Works, 2 Seabees)
Damage Assessment Kit
• Marking tape
– Non-metallic tape measures
– EOR forms
– Maps (scale 1” = 100’)
• Station
• Airfield
Explosive Ordnance
Reconnaissance Report
Type & Location
Grid Coordinates
Radiological Results
Descriptive information
Detailed Drawing of UXO
• ELEVATION VIEW
• CLOCK METHOD
ADR Factors
Aircraft Type and Load. Each aircraft has distinct characteristics
(e.g., wing span, tire pressure, load capacity, braking mechanism.)
Available Material. The type and quantity of material (e.g., backfill,
crushed stone, fiberglass mat) available for a repair.
Available Equipment. The type and quantity of CESE available for
a repair.
Time Constraints. The time allotted to accomplish the repairs before
the first aircraft arrival or departure.
Repair Crew Capability/Equipment/Manpower. The repair
crew’s capacity for the task (e.g., experience, number of repair people,
resource availability).
Type of Damage Sustained
Airfield Damage
Crater: is damage that penetrates through the pavement surface
into the underlying base and subgrade soil uplifting the
surrounding pavement and ejecting soil, rock, and pavement
debris around the impact area. Craters represent much more
severe damage than spalls.
Large craters: diameter equal to or greater than 4.57 m (15 ft).
Small craters: diameter less than 4.57 m (15 ft).
ABFC P-36 RRR – Ref. Manual
Spall: is damage that does not penetrate through the pavement
surface to the underlying layers. Spalls may be up to 1.52 m (5
ft) in diameter.
Crater Diagram
Crater Crew Chief
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Responsible for crater crew
Responsible for the FOD cover crew
Each crew responsible for two craters
Ensures proper repair criterion is met
Receives and relays input to & from crew
leaders and ADR OIC
Crater Repairs
• Crush Stone Repairs
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Crush stone without a FOD cover – quickest (taxiways & parking aprons)
Crush stone with FOD cover – higher cost from FOD cover use
Cheap crushed stone repair – least expensive
Choked ballast repair – when water is present
• Sand Grid
– Requires FOD cover
– Height of sub-base critical
• Regulated Set Portland Cement
– Batched from ‘Crete Mobile’
– 6” – 12” thick (set in 20 – 30 minutes, 2500 psi in 2 hours)(traffic ready)
• Precast Slabs
– Cold weather climates (European theater)
– Need specialty tools
Crater Crew Equipment
CESE Equipment
• 8 - Loaders
• 4 - Dozers
• 4 - Graders
• 4 - Rollers
• 8 – Light Plants
• 4 – Air Compressors
• 1 – Concrete Saw
• 8 – Mud Pumps
Spall Diagram
Spall Repair
Silikal
• Set in 8 to 30 minutes
• Highly flammable above 32 degrees with additive
• Traffic ready within 1 to 2 hours
Cold mix asphalt
• Life of repair ~ 100 sorties
Magnesium phosphate
• Can extend mix by adding 50% gravel by volume
Regulated set Portland Cement
• Initial set is 25 minutes @ 75 degrees
106 Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.2
Describe the following methods of
RRR/ADR:
a. Folded Fiberglass Matting
b. AM-2 aluminum matting
c. Crete mobile
Folded Fiberglass Matting
This procedure is currently the primary MOS repair method.
It involves the installation of an anchored FFM over a
crater which was prepared with a layer of well-compacted
crushed stone. Crater preparation is essentially identical to
that used with the AM-2 matting system. Again, this is the
principle method of ADR employed for MOS repairs.
The FFM is air-transportable, can be moved easily by
vehicles, can be positioned at greater distances from
airfield pavement surfaces, and must be stored indoors out
of the elements.
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic
FOD Covers
Folded Fiberglass Matting
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Two patches per kit
¼” thick 6’ wide, 30’ long
30’ x 54’ patch – bolted together 60’ x 54’ patch
Tow into position
Anchor Leading and Trailing edge only
Do not store in direct sunlight
Can be used as flush finish
Used primarily on runway and taxiway
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic
FOD Covers
Bolted Fiberglass Matting (FRP)
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Air shippable 8’x 8’x 20’ ISO container
1/4” – 3/8” thick
4 small patches or 1 large patch per container
Tow into position
All tools contained in each kit
Do not store in direct sunlight
Can be used as flush finish
Used primarily on runway and taxiway
Average weight 2,144 lbs
One small patch is 32’ x 32’ 9”
One large patch is 62’ x 69’ 4”
AM-2 Aluminum Matting
Hand-assembled and anchored over the crater
which was prepared with a layer of crushed
stone. This repair surface is the most
manpower intensive of the two primary
ADR techniques
AM2 Aluminum Matting
AM-2 Aluminum Matting
Primarily used on taxiway and parking apron
Package contains matting, tools and accessories to
assemble 54’ x 72’ FOD cover
5 boxes contains 9 bundles of AM Matting
Can be towed from side to side
Must be centered on the taxiway
AM2 patch is 54’ x 77’
Must be towed by two pieces of like equipment
AM2 Matting cannot be a flush repair
Crushed Stone Repair
• Clear debris from the crater perimeter.
• Determine the actual crater diameter versus the apparent
crater diameter, i.e., the extent of crater pavement
damage/upheaval.
• Remove the up-heaved pavement.
• Remove large objects 36” or larger and water from inside
the crater, as required.
• Backfill the crater with ejecta, ballast rock, or clean fill.
• Backfilling the crater with crushed stone.
• Compaction of the crushed stone.
Crushed Stone Repair
• Install a 12” layer of crushed stone over the backfill
material.
• Compact the crushed stone material in lifts approx 6”
thick.
• Compact each lift of crushed stone using a minimum of
four initial passes of a single-drum vibratory roller
• Final compaction with 28 passes
• Roll done parallel to runway
• For every inch above runway surface 3’ taper required
Crushed Stone Repair
Diagram
Crete mobile
The trailer-mounted crete mobile carries the cement,
sand, and coarse aggregates in divided bins on the
unit.
Sand and aggregates are proportioned accurately by
weight or volume with cement mixture and water
and mixed.
The mixing process will proceed until the aggregate
bins are empty.
Material feed to project can be stopped and started at
any point to allow finishing crews to continue at a
steady pace.
Pavement
Asphalt Pavements. Anchoring in asphalt pavement requires
a 9.5-inch bolt and polymer. A hole 10 inches deep and 1.5
inches in diameter is drilled at the center of each predrilled
mat hole. A two-part resin polymer is mixed and poured
into each hole to about 0.5 inch below the surface of the
pavement. An anchor bushing and bolt are immediately
placed into each hole and pressed firmly (standing on the
bolt and bushing) against the mat. The polymer will harden
in about three minutes. Unless extra people are available,
there may not be time to drill all the holes before beginning
to pour the polymer
106Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.3
Explain the fundamentals of a typical
Battalion tent camp layout.
Tent Camp Layout
• Tactical
– Sufficient space for command dispersion
– Concealment from ground and air
observation
– Protection from bombing and strafing
attacks
– Protection from mechanized attack
Tent Camp Layout
• Sanitary
– Water supply
– Drainage
– Shade
– Access
– Site not occupied by other units in last
two months
Tent Camp Layout
Camp Maintenance
• Inspections
– Controlled inspections
– Operator inspections
– PM inspections
Camp Maintenance
 Control Inspections - A control inspection reviews
all camp facilities to determine the maintenance required
during a deployment to preserve or improve the condition of
the camp structures and property.
 It is the foundation for the camp maintenance program and
workload.
 A control inspection is conducted within the first 30 days of
a deployment.
Camp Maintenance
• Annual Inspection Summary – The AIS
report
documents deficiencies in camp
facilities.
• AIS reports are produced annually.
• Validating deficiencies and costs is important
to justify the money to support the proper
maintenance and repair of camp facilities.
Camp Maintenance
• Operator Inspections –consist of examining and
making minor adjustments.
• Are performed by the operator assigned to the
equipment.
• Are part of the operator's day-to-day
responsibilities.
Camp Maintenance
• These inspections occur before, during, and
after operation of the equipment.
• Operator inspection of constantly used
equipment is another form of PM.
Camp Maintenance
• Trouble Desk attendant receives all customer
trouble calls, enters this information into the trouble
desk log and fills out emergency/service
authorization forms.
• Trouble desk attendant makes sure that ESA
forms are properly routed and that outstanding
ESA’s are completed within the required
deadlines.
106 Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.4
Explain the purpose of maintaining operators
logs for generators and boilers [ref. c]
Camp Maintenance
• Operators Log
• Daily operating logs are kept on some
Equipment. The main purpose for using
operating logs is to continuously record data
on equipment performance
Ground Rods
• Ground Rods
– Grounding protects human life, the generator,
and the distribution system
– Provides a path for electrical current to earth
Generator Sheltering
• Generator sheltering protects and prolongs the life
of advance-base portable generators
– Protects the equipment from rain, wind, and
other adverse conditions
– Good for noise discipline during contingency
operations
106 Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.5
Discuss the following transportable bridges:
a. Bailey Bridge
b. Medium Girder Bridge
c. Mabey Johnson Bridge
Top Panel
ROLLER BEAM FITTING INTO
CROSS GIRDER
ROLLER BEAM CROSS GIRDER
AND ADJUSTABLE SUPPORTS
ATTACHING JUNCTION PANEL
EOB ON FRONT AND REAR
ROLLER BEAM
ATTACHING BOTTOM PANEL
LAUNCHING NOSE
COMPONENTS
LIGHT LAUNCHING NOSE
LAUNCHING NOSE ROLLER ON
BANK SEAT BEAM
LAUNCHING NOSE ROLLER ON
BANK SEAT BEAM
LAUNCHING NOSE
LAUNCHING
NOSE
CROSS
GIRDER
ROLLER
LAUNCHING NOSE
CROSS GIRDER POSTS
Bailey Bridge
Bailey Bridge
• Through-type metal truss bridge with heavy
timber decking, roadway carried between two
main girders.
• Highly mobile and versatile bridge, can span a
variety of gaps
– Transported in 5-ton dump & 40 ton trailer
– Quickly assembled by manpower, 30-40
personnel
– 12’-6” wide, can span up to 210’
Bailey Bridge
• Configurations:
– Single / Single bridge, 100’
– Double / Single bridge 140’
– Double / Double bridge 180’
Bailey Bridge
• Launched and de-launched via roller system
– Additional bays are added to counter balance
during launching and de-launching
• Components:
– Truss panel - form girder, 5’ x 10’ panel
– Transom - main support, 10” x 20’ flange
beam
– Stringer - 10’ steel beams
Bailey Bridge
– Chess - 2” x 8” x 14’ wood decking
– Rollers - launching & de-launching
– Bearing & base plates
– Ramps
– Various pins, clamps, braces, tie plates,
bolts, jacks, and carrying bars and tongs
Medium Girder Bridge
Medium Girder Bridges
• MGB is a two girder deck bridge
• Launched and de-launched via roller system
and 5 ton dump.
• Three types of MGB’s
– Single story MGB
– Double story MGB
– Linked reinforced MGB
Medium Girder Bridges
• Transported to site via 5 ton dump & 40 ton
trailer
• Crew size 24 to 32 personnel
• Bridge is formed with 2 main girders from a
number of panels pinned together.
Medium Girder Bridges
• Roadway is formed by hanging deck units
between girders and connecting ramps at
each end
• 13’-2” wide bridge
• Used for light vehicle loads
Single Story MGB
• Bridge is formed with 2 main girders from a
number of panels pinned together.
• Roadway is formed by hanging deck units
between girders and connecting ramps at each end
• 13’-2” wide bridge
• Used for light vehicle loads
• Military Load Class (MLC) 70 (tracked) over a
length of 32 ft decreasing to MLC 16 at 74 ft
Double Story MGB
• Uses same parts as single story MGB, with
the addition of triangular bottom panels,
junction panels, and end taper panels, which
make the bridge stronger.
• Military Load Class (MLC) 70 (tracked)
over a length of 102 ft decreasing to MLC
16 at 162 ft
Link Reinforced MGB
• Reinforced Links are added under each
girder for additional support
• Permits longer Military Load Class (MLC)
70 bridges
• Military Load Class (MLC) 70 (T) up to
150 ft and MLC 60 (T) up to 162 ft
Mabey Johnson Bridge
Mabey Johnson Bridge
This bridge is widely used throughout Iraq by
US Army Engineers and US Navy Seabee
Engineers in fixed and floating
configurations. (a.k.a. Logistics Support Bridge)
The MJB has replaced aging stocks of Bailey
Bridge and Heavy Girder Bridge.
Mabey Johnson Bridge
Carrying Load Capacity:
MLC80 Tracked and
MLC110 Wheeled
Designed to be left in site as a semi-permanent
bridge.
The modular design of the equipment means it can
be constructed in a large number of different
configurations, to match various sized gaps
throughout the support area.
Mabey Johnson Bridge
vs.
Bailey Bridge
Mabey Johnson Bridge
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•
Panel chords and Transoms made of 55C Steel.
All Structural components are hot dip galvanized
Single span up to 60m
Multi span using intermediate piers or floating
pontoons as supports
• Easily returned to stock after use
• Can be assembled by hand if necessary
• Largest component weights 700lbs.
Mabey Johnson
Mabey Johnson
106 Contingency Operations
PQS Question 106.6
Discuss heavy timber construction: [ ref. b]
a. Bunker [ Assembly 14003]
b. Bridge [ Assembly 13202]
c. Tower [ Assembly 13615]
Heavy Timber Bunker
Standard Timber Bunker : 10FT X 24FT X 8FT
Bill of Materials (BOM): Lumber 3x12x12 / 2x4x12
/ 4x12x16 / 10x10x12 / 4x8x16
Plywood ¾” X48”X96” Nails: 8D / 16D / 60D
Roofing nails, Drift Pins, Sandbags, Chain link
fence, fence post, cement, Plastic sheet
polyetherine.
Heavy Timber Bunker
Sandbag stacked on all four sides
3’ X 6” opening on all four sides or as
required
Similar bracing on all four sides
Chain liked fence towards the enemy
Canopy over entrance for inclement weather
protection
Heavy Timber Bunker
Heavy Timber Bridge
Heavy Timber Bridge
Typical Timber Bridge; 24’ W X 36’ LG
(Military Load Class) MLC = 60
Can be built Longer but the MLC decrease
Apply Wood Preservatives to all cut of Tread,
Deck, and Stringers
Heavy Timber Tower
Heavy Timber Tower
Bill Of Materials (BOM):
60’ Pile, Treated wood;
Lumber, 12”X12”X16’ / 6”X6”X16’/
2”X4”X12 ; Plywood, Steel Plate , Bolts,
Nuts & washers Cement, Nails 60d,16d,8d,
Note: For a complete list of all BOM for specific tower height refer
to P437 or ABFC View
Heavy Timber Tower
• Footing Embedment for all towers is a
constant 6’ Below Grade
• Instead of concrete Footings sandbags can
be substituted, 2’ high on top tower roof
• Interior Plywood Bunker walls are lined
with sandbags a minimum of 5’ high.