Kinesiology Laboratory 2:
Muscle Mechanics
Length Tension Relationships, Velocity Tension
Relationships, Active and Passive Insufficiency
Today’s Activities
1. Grip Strength Analysis
2. Biodex Data Analysis
3. Knee Extension with Goniometers
4. Knee Flexion with Goniometers
5. Exercise Analysis- Upper Extremity (Presentations- Next
Week)
Anatomy Review: The Wrist
Anatomy Review:
Hamstrings and Quadriceps
Active Insufficiency
 When a two-joint muscle is restrained in contraction.
 The agonist muscle is slackened to the point where it
has lost its ability to generate maximum tension.
Passive Insufficiency
 When a two-joint muscle is constrained in elongation.
 This occurs when the antagonist muscle cannot be
elongated any farther and the full ROM cannot be
achieved.
Length Tension Curve
Velocity Tension Curve
Grip Strength Dynamometer
Grip Number
Force
1
2
3
4
5
Wrist Flexed (Highest #)
Graph Results: Force on y-axis, Grip number on x-axis
What principles are present?
Biodex Machine
Creates a concentric contraction of both the Quads
(Flexion) and Hamstrings (Extension)= Isokinetic
Exercise
Biodex Data
Velocity
(deg/sec)
# Repetitions
Peak Torque
Extension (ftlbs)
Peak Torque
Flexion (ftlbs)
45
5
159.5
102.2
60
5
150.2
98.9
90
10
141.8
94.4
120
10
142.5
90.8
180
10
114.5
91.5
240
10
103.9
79.9
Graph data for Results section.
What principle is being demonstrated?
Knee Extension and Hip Flexion
Using a Goniometer
 Using the Goniometer
 Align the goniometer with the joint being tested.
 Have the arms pointing toward the moving limb
 Complete movement
 Align second goniometer arm with limb
 Read the degrees of movement
 Make note of subjective feelings
 Make a table of your results for the lab report
 Use figures for each activity
 What principle is being shown in activity 3?
 What principle is being shown in activity 4?
Example Diagrams:
Presentation Assignments
 Group 1: Shoulder Flexors and Shoulder Extensors
 Group 2: Shoulder Abductors and Shoulder Internal and
External Rotators
 Group 3: Elbow Extensors and Wrist Flexors and
Extensors
 Group 4: Elbow Flexors and Forearm Supinators and
Pronators
Presentation Requirements
 3 Different Exercise for Each Muscle Group
 There must be one gravity eliminated and one gravity
resistive exercise per muscle group (Think about the
way the body is positioned)
 Utilize a variety of equipment (Therabands, dumbbells,
benches, etc.)
 Present exercises in order of difficulty
 Identify the type of muscle contraction (Eccentric or
Concentric)
 Notes may be used during presentation
For Next Week
 Lab Report 2
 Presentations
 Readings: H&K: Ch5 cont’d, TG: pp 108-112, 127-148
(not palpation)