Social Stratification Review
The point of the chapter-opening story of passenger deaths
that accompanied the sinking of the ocean liner Titanic is that:
A. social stratification sometimes has
little to do with everyday life.
B. social stratification matters a lot,
and can sometimes be a matter of
life and death.
C. technology cannot prevent
tragedy.
D. all people have the same right to
life.
av
. ..
op
l
pe
all
hn
ol
og
y
eh
ca
n.
..
t if
...
ls
tra
te
c
so
cia
ls
tra
t if
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
so
cia
1.
2. Which one of these statements
about stratification is NOT true?
at
if.
..
So
c
ial
st
r
at
if.
..
st
r
ial
So
c
ily
's
fa
m
A
So
c
ial
st
r
so
c
at
if.
..
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
A. Social stratification is universal and
also variable.
B. A family's social standing typically
changes a great deal from generation
to generation.
C. Social stratification is a trait of society.
D. Social stratification is a matter of
inequality and also beliefs about why
people should be unequal.
Comparing societies in history and around the world, we
see that social stratification may involve differences in:
A. why people are
unequal.
B. what is unequal.
C. how unequal people
are.
D. All of the above are
correct.
ab
o.
..
e.
..
he
of
t
Al
l
un
ho
w
is
ha
t
eq
ua
un
eq
pl
e
eo
hy
p
w
lp
ua
.
ar
e.
..
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
w
3.
4.
What concept refers to a person moving from one
occupation to another that provides about the same level of
rewards?
A. downward social
mobility
B. horizontal social
mobility
C. upward social
mobility
D. None of the above.
b.
..
l.
..
No
ne
of
th
ea
so
c ia
ar
d
up
w
izo
nt
ho
r
do
w
nw
ar
d
so
c
al
so
c
ia
...
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
If you were born into a traditional caste system, you
would expect that, based on birth, you would be:
ab
o.
..
..
Al
l
of
t
he
do
to
d
se
ra
i
en
co
ur
a
d
ge
d
to
pe
o
a.
...
m
a.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
ui
re
A. required to marry
someone of your own
social category.
B. encouraged people to
socialize with other
within your own
category.
C. raised to do a certain
type of job.
D. All of the above are
correct.
re
q
5.
6. The historical replacement of
caste systems with class systems:
A. means that categories
become more clearly
unequal.
B. means that individuals
experience less social
mobility.
C. replaces one kind of
inequality with another.
D. brings an end to most
social inequality.
br
in
gs
an
en
d
...
k.
..
on
e
ce
s
la
re
p
ha
t
ns
t
m
ea
m
ea
ns
t
ha
t
in
ca
d.
..
t. .
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
The degree of status consistency is:
in
c la
. ..
25%
at
er
gr
e
no
ne
is
m
sa
th
e
xi
ei
n
ca
s..
.
in
25%
st
en
.. .
25%
al.
..
25%
at
er
A. greater in caste than
class systems.
B. the same in all types
of social
stratification
C. is non-existent in
caste systems
D. greater in class than
caste systems
gr
e
7.
co
.. .
...
hi
g
h
st
a
tu
s
so
c
d
ar
nw
do
w
izo
nt
al
so
c
ia
...
...
ho
r
D.
co
n
C.
tu
s
B.
st
a
A.
A college professor with advanced degrees,
moderate salary, and little power can be
described as having
low status
25% 25% 25% 25%
consistency.
horizontal social
mobility.
downward social
mobility
high status
consistency.
lo
w
8.
cla
e
m
id
dl
Th
e
no
b
ilit
y
rg
y
cle
Th
e
25%
.. .
25% 25%
rs
25%
Th
e
Commoners
The clergy
The nobility
The middle class
on
e
A.
B.
C.
D.
In English history, the "first estate"
referred to:
Co
m
m
9.
The third estate
The first estate
The second estate
None of the above
No
ne
of
th
ea
b.
..
es
t. .
.
on
d
se
c
Th
e
fir
st
es
ta
...
th
i
rd
es
ta
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
Th
e
A.
B.
C.
D.
Historically, the largest number of people belonged to
which category of England's estate system?
Th
e
10.
11. For more than 2,000 years,
Japanese society operated with a:
cr
a
cy
25%
m
er
it o
Ca
st
e
dl
e
La
r
ge
m
id
ss
s
sy
ste
m
25% 25%
c..
.
ys
te
m
Class system
Large middle class
Caste system
meritocracy
Cl
a
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
12.
In Japan, as in other societies with a long history of caste,
________ may not always be discussed openly, but is never far from
the surface when people size up one another socially.
Educational degree
Personal talent
Physical size
Family background
Fa
m
ily
ba
c
kg
ro
...
siz
e
Ph
ys
ica
l
ta
l
so
na
l
Pe
r
ca
t
io
na
ld
en
e.
..
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
Ed
u
A.
B.
C.
D.
13. According to the Davis-Moore
thesis:
A.
the more inequality a society
has, the more productive it is.
B. equality is functional for
society.
C. more important jobs must
provide enough rewards to
attract the talent necessary to
perform them.
D. meritocracy is less productive
than a caste system.
is.
..
.
m
er
it o
cr
a
cy
nt
..
im
po
rta
m
or
e
lit
yi
eq
ua
th
e
m
or
ei
ne
qu
.. .
sf
u.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
14. According to Davis and Moore, a system
of unequal rewards increases productivity by:
A. encouraging people to gain
the schooling and skills
needed to perform more
important jobs.
B. encouraging people to
perform more important
jobs.
C. motivating people to work
longer, harder, or better.
D. All of the above are
correct.
ab
o.
..
...
he
of
t
Al
l
m
ot
iva
t
in
gp
eo
e.
..
gp
gin
ur
a
en
co
en
co
ur
a
gin
gp
e.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
15. The concept "survival of the
fittest" was coined by:
Karl Marx
Max Weber
Charles Darwin
Herbert Spencer
ce
.
..
in
w
er
Sp
en
rt
He
rb
e
Ch
a
rle
sD
ar
W
eb
M
ax
lM
ar
x
25% 25% 25% 25%
Ka
r
A.
B.
C.
D.
16. In Karl Marx's analysis, another
name for the capitalist class is the:
eo
is i
e
25%
bo
ur
g
cy
25%
cr
a
ta
r ia
t
25%
Pr
ol
e
ty
25%
Ar
ist
o
Nobility
Proletariat
Aristocracy
bourgeoisie
No
bi
li
A.
B.
C.
D.
17.
According to Karl Marx, differences in wealth and power
between the capitalists and proletarians necessarily lead to:
A. negotiation and
compromise.
B. the abolition of
work itself.
C. class conflict
D. All of the above are
correct.
ab
o.
..
he
of
t
Al
l
cla
ol
it i
ab
th
e
ss
on
co
nf
lic
...
...
an
n
tio
ot
ia
ne
g
t
25% 25% 25% 25%
Max Weber claimed that agrarian societies emphasize
which dimension of social inequality?
25%
ss
25%
ic
no
m
Ec
o
ial
pr
e
st
ig
c la
...
nf
...
25%
ol
of
i
Po
w
er
25%
So
c
A. Power
B. Control of
information
C. Social prestige or
honor
D. Economic class
Co
nt
r
18.
19.
Marx claimed social stratification would end with the
creation of a socialist economy. What was Weber's view?
A.
B.
Weber agreed with Marx.
Weber thought socialism
would reduce economic
differences but also create a
political elite increasing
differences in power.
C. Weber thought socialism
would create a new highprestige nobility.
D. Weber thought capitalism
could not be changed.
t.
..
W
eb
er
t
ho
ug
h
t.
..
ho
ug
h
er
t
W
eb
er
t
W
eb
W
eb
er
ag
re
ed
ho
ug
h
w
t.
..
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
20. A common micro-level pattern
involving social interaction is that:
o.
..
.
lp
os
it i
so
cia
el
os
t
m
pe
o
pl
e
te
pe
o
pl
nd
ls
tra
to
i..
...
t if
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
so
cia
A. social stratification is not
usually evident in everyday
life.
B. people tend to socialize
with others of the same
social position.
C. most people live and work
in socially diverse settings
in terms of social
stratification.
D. social position has little to
do with the friends people
have.
What approaches are the following statements
connected to?
--social inequality benefits society
--social inequality is harmful and divides society
er
. ..
25%
Sy
m
bo
l
ic
In
t
al
Fu
n.
..
ct
ur
ct
ur
alF
fli
c
Co
n
ial
So
c
25% 25%
un
...
.. .
25%
St
ru
A. Social Conflict &
Symbolic Interaction
B. Structural-Functional &
Social Conflict
C. Structural Functional &
Symbolic Interaction
D. Symbolic Interaction &
Social Conflict
St
ru
21.
22. Which of the following types of
societies comes closest to being egalitarian?
horticultural/pastoral
hunting & gathering
Industrial
postindustrial
l
po
st
in
du
st
r ia
al
st
ri
In
du
ga
&
hu
nt
in
g
tic
ul
tu
ra
l/ .
..
th
.. .
25% 25% 25% 25%
ho
r
A.
B.
C.
D.
23. Based on what you have read, as the United
States develops a postindustrial economy, economic
inequality is:
ho
l
sa
...
di
o
re
as
in
g
25% 25%
de
c
ea
s in
g.
in
cr
di
n
ga
ta
bo
.. .
25% 25%
lik
el
yt
A. holding at about the
same level.
B. increasing.
C. decreasing
D. likely to disappear
24.
If you accept the "bell curve" thesis, which of the
following would you point to as the key to high social standing
today?
A. control of
information
B. Gender
C. family background
D. intelligence
ce
ge
n
in
te
lli
o.
..
kg
r
ba
c
Ge
nd
e
r
fa
m
ily
co
n
tro
lo
fi
nf
...
25% 25% 25% 25%
25. Social stratification refers to:
ab
o.
..
o.
..
he
of
t
Al
l
gc
kin
ra
n
cia
liz
at
at
eg
t.
..
ea
th
a
sp
e
th
e
io
n.
..
25% 25% 25% 25%
id
A. the idea that some
people are more talented
than others.
B. specialization in
productive work.
C. ranking categories of
people in a hierarchy.
D. All of the above are
correct
26. A caste system is defined as:
t if
...
ls
tra
so
cia
ls
tra
ys
...
ls
25%
t if
...
25% 25%
oc
ia
an
ys
am
er
ito
c
ra
c
y.
...
25%
so
cia
A. a meritocracy.
B. any social system in which
categories of people are
unequal.
C. social stratification based
on personal achievement
D. social stratification based
on ascription or birth.
27.
If you and most other people believed that social position
reflects how talented and hard working individuals are, you
would probably be living in a:
i..
.
25%
ss
le
ss
so
c
Cl
a
so
...
25%
on
al
iti
Cl
a
ss
S
m
Sy
st
e
25%
ys
te
m
25%
Tr
ad
Caste System
Class System
Traditional society
Classless society
Ca
st
e
A.
B.
C.
D.
28. The concept "meritocracy" refers
to social stratification:
A. in which people
"know their place."
B. based entirely on
personal merit.
C. as found in the
United States.
D. without social
mobility
l. .
.
so
c
ia
th
...
w
ith
ou
t
in
fo
un
d
as
en
t ir
ba
se
d
in
w
hi
ch
pe
op
l
...
el
y..
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
29. The concept of structural social
mobility refers to:
...
so
ci.
..
25%
in
th
e
ng
e
ch
a
ch
a
ng
e
in
be
cu
l
tu
r
al
in
ng
e
25% 25%
lie
...
af
a.
..
25%
ch
a
A. change in a family's social
position from one
generation to the next.
B. cultural beliefs that justify
social stratification.
C. change in the social
position of many people
due to changes in society
itself.
D. change in social position
due to people's own
efforts.
30. If you have a job that involves manual
labor, you are doing:
Farming
White-collar work
Blue-collar work
Service work
or
k
o.
..
Se
r
vic
e
w
rw
co
lla
ue
-
Bl
W
hi
te
-
co
lla
m
rw
. ..
in
g
25% 25% 25% 25%
Fa
r
A.
B.
C.
D.
31. Work involving mostly mental
activity is called:
...
lla
w
hi
te
w
kc
ol
-co
lar
n
ria
ag
ra
rw
k
or
w
rw
la
co
l
e-
25%
o.
..
25% 25%
o.
..
25%
pi
n
blue-collar work.
agrarian work
pink-collar work
white-collar work
bl
u
A.
B.
C.
D.
32. Laura wears an expensive dress to the party to
impress her friends. A sociologist might say she is
engaging in:
A. relative deprivation.
B. conspicuous
consumption.
C. reference group
behavior.
D. structural social
mobility.
so
c. .
.
ct
ur
al
st
ru
re
fe
re
n
ce
gr
ou
...
co
.. .
ou
s
sp
ic u
co
n
re
l
at
ive
de
pr
i..
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
33. According to Simon Kuznets, in which
type of society is social stratification
greatest?
l/ .
..
n
ho
r
tic
ul
tu
ra
ia
ra
r
ag
&
ga
th
.. .
l
25% 25% 25% 25%
hu
nt
in
g
industrial
hunting & gathering
agrarian
horticultural/pastoral
in
du
st
r ia
A.
B.
C.
D.