HYBRID AND ELECTRIC BUSES IN EUROPE
Francisco González
Direttore Técnico – TMB Barcellona
ViceChairman UITP Bus Committee
Coordinato da:
Organizzato da:
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 – 31 gennaio 2014
WHAT A HYBRID BUS IS?
•
Configuration: Serial or Paral.lel system, stop and start/pure
electric, Batteries/Ultracaps, specific SW designed for bus routes (flat/hilly),
engine technology (Diesel, CNG, H2, etc..)
•
Reduction in fuel consumption =
20% - 30%
1st. Gen.
30% - 36%
2nd.Gen.
•
Reduction in emissions (CO2, HC, CO, NOx, PM) = 20% - 36%
(in proportion to consumption or higher in some cases).
•
Reduction in noise = 4 dB (50% acustic power).
•
Very smooth driving for passengers and comfortable for
drivers.
1° CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
2
NORTH AMERICA HYBRID FLEETS
CITY
COMPANY
New YorkMTA
Toronto
Washington
Philadelphia
Seattle
Chicago
Vancouver
Ottawa
Minneapolis
San Francisco
Honolulu
Montreal (ATUQ)
Other cities
BUS Model
Orion Bus
TTC
Orion Bus
WMA
New Flyer
SEP
New Flyer
KCD
New Flyer
RTA
New Flyer
CTA
New Flyer
CMBC
New Flyer
COT
Orion Bus
MT
Gillig
SFMR
Orion Bus
CCH
New Flyer
STM
Volvo Novabus
TOTAL (Diesel-electric)
1.677
2010
2011
2012
1.677
950
550
510
520
--228
182
177
----80
8
1.003
1.677
950
725
510
632
77
228
182
177
97
86
80
8
911
475
Tender
5.885
6.340 6.500
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
3
EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL OFFER
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
4
EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL OFFER
All major manufacturers are offering:
TYPE
EVOBUS
VOLVO
MAN
IRISBUS
SOLARIS
VAN HOOL
VDL
DENNIS
WHRIGHT
HESS
CASTROSUA
HEULIEZ
Serial
Parallel
Serial
Serial
Parallel
Serial
Serial
Parallel
Serial
Serial
Serial
Serial
Serial
ENER.STG.
Batteries
Batteries
Ultracaps
Batteries
Batteries
Batteries
Ultracaps
Batteries
Batteries
Batteries
Ultracaps
Batteries
Batteries
SIZE
18 m.
12 m-DD
12 m.
12-18 m.
12-18 m.
12-18 m.
9-10-12-18-24 m.
18-24 m.
9-10,7-12-DD.
12 m-DD
18-25 m.
9,6-11,5 m. CNG+LPG
12-18 m.
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
5
EUROPEAN HYBRID FLEETS
COUNTRY
U.K.
CITY/COMP.
LONDON
BUS Model
Total
Wright Bus
A.Dennis (ADL)
Volvo
Optare
2011
190
2012
348
29
88
62
11
37
185
115
11
116
162
2013
498
Manchester
ADL+Opt+Volvo
Reading
Oxford
Newcastle
Leeds
Birmingham
A.Dennis
A.Dennis
A.Dennis
31
26
26
ADL+Opt+Volvo
12
51
43
26
22
18
149
186
550
856 Ar.1200
Other cities
TOTAL
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
6
EUROPEAN HYBRID FLEETS
COUNTRY
FRANCE
GERMANY
CITY/COMP. BUS Model
2011
2012
PARIS (RATP) Irisbus+MAN
3(test)
3
Dijon
Irisbus
-Tender
Bordeaux
Heuliez
-30
Île Réunion
Solaris+Heuliez
12
12
Toulon
Solaris+Heuliez
6
6
Lyon
Irisbus+MAN+Vol -4
Other cities
10
15
31
70
TOTAL
Dresden
MAN
18
57
Leipzig
Evobus
10
11
Hamburg
Evobus (H2)
10
20
Bochum
Solaris
8
14
Other cities
74
135
120
237
TOTAL
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
2013
33
102
30
12
6
6
20
209
57
11
20
14
135
237
7
EUROPEAN HYBRID FLEETS
BELGIUM
Flanders
LUXEMBURG Luxemburg
TOTAL
Van Hool
Van Hool+Hess
Volvo 12 m.
81
5
16
21
2012
27
24
4
2
2
12
2
1
2013
74
74
123
5
25
30
TBD
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
GOING TO ELECTRIC
COUNTRY
CITY/COMP. BUS Model
2011
NETHERLAND Dordrecht
Volvo
27
Zuid Holland
VanHool
24
Rotterdam
Evobus+Citea
4
Enschede
Citea
2
Apeldoorn
Volvo
2
Eindhoven
APTS Phileas
12
Amsterdam
APTS Phileas(H2) 2
Other cities
1
74
TOTAL
8
EUROPEAN HYBRID FLEETS
COUNTRY
CITY/COMP.
BUS Model
2011
2012
2013
ITALY
Italy ran around 220 units 1st. Generation Hybrid buses
Manufacturers : ALTRA – Breda – Cacciamali – CAM
Milan
Evob+MAN+VHool+Irisb
3
8
8
Trentino
MAN
--3
SWITZERLAND Aarau
Volvo
1
13
13
Neuchatel
Solaris
-7
7
Luzern
Volvo
6
6
7
PostAuto
Volvo
11
11
14
Other cities
Volvo+MAN
6
16
24
TOTAL
24
53
65
POLAND
WarsawSolaris
4
4
4
Other cities
Solaris+Evo.Cito 15
33
33
TOTAL
19
37
37
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
9
EUROPEAN HYBRID FLEETS
COUNTRY
SPAIN
CITY/COMP.
Barcelona
BUS Model
2011
2012
2013
4
21
-10
--
26
70
27
10
23
50
80
27
15
33
39
156
205
18
10
-13
6
10
18
12
32
13
25
13
35
12
32
12
54
13
57
113
158
MAN+Iveco+Tata+Volvo
Retrofit Iveco
Castrosua+Tata
Madrid
Barcelona AreaMAN+Castrosua
Other cities
MAN+Castro+Volvo
TOTAL
SCANDINAVIA Oslo (N.)
Solaris+Volvo
Trondheim (N) Volvo
Tromsö (N)
Volvo
Stockholm (S) Volvo
Gothenburg(S) Volvo
Copenhagen(D)Volvo+MAN
TOTAL
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
10
ELECTRIC BUSES IN EUROPE
1 . ELECTRIC BUS TENDERING
2 . ELECTRIC BUSES -
AUTONOMOUS
3 . ELECTRIC BUSES –
OPPORTUNITY
CHARGING
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
11
ELECTRIC BUSES IN EUROPE
1 . ELECTRIC BUS TENDERING
1.1
Define carefully the bus capacity needed Æ Bus size
1.2
Define carefully the range needed, and the Duty Cycle
- An electric bus cannot be considered as a diesel, where a big
range is obtained with small quantity of fuel.
- In SORT 2 or 3, ranges of 250-300 km are feasible ( 12 m. bus)
- In SORT 1, only 150-160 km range can be defined as autonomous
- Over 160 km, or for articulated buses, opportunity charging
on-line is needed
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
12
ELECTRIC BUSES - Autonomous
BYD K9 TRIAL TESTS & SALES IN EUROPE
CITY
Nr.Buses Start Time Test/Sale
Schippol Apt.
Milan
35
July 2014
1+1
May/Oct 2013
Fryslan Prov (ND)
Helsinki (Espoo)
Barcelona
Copenhagen
6
1
1
2
April 2013
Nov 2013
Sept 2013
Oct 2013
London
2
Dec 2013
Tender won
Running L85
Running
3 years
Running – 2 y.
2 years
3 years
SHORT TESTS IN MANY OTHER CITIES
(Budapest, Madrid, Salzburg, Brussels, Warsaw, …
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
13
ELECTRIC BUSES - Autonomous
OTHER BUS MANUFACTURERS IN EUROPE
OFFERING RANGES of 200 KM, but SORT 2, and w/o A/C or Heating
SOLARIS URBINO 12 M.
VDL CITEA 12 M.
STL 12 M.
EBUSCO 12 M.
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
14
ELECTRIC BUSES IN EUROPE
3 . ELECTRIC BUSES – OPPORTUNITY CHARGING
3.1
CONTACT CHARGING
ROOF FINGER
SIDE FINGER
PANTOGRAPH
3.2
TOSA Project – ABB
WATT Project - PVI
SIEMENS & Others
INDUCTIVE CHARGING
PRIMOVE Project - BOMBARDIER
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
15
ELECTRIC BUSES – Opport. Charging
Project TOSA – Roof Finger
Transport with Optimized Powering System
Line 5: Palexpo – Hôpital
Stops:
8,8 km
22 in each direction
Feeding stops:
7+5
Feeding Terminals: 2
400 kW
200 kW
15 s.
5m
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
16
ELECTRIC BUSES – Opport. Charging
SIDE FINGER
Project WATT
CHARGE AT EVERY STOP - 10 s.
PILOT LINE NICE - AIRPORT
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
17
ELECTRIC BUSES – Opport. Charging
PANTOGRAPH
SIEMENS SYSTEM
STOCKHOLM
IVECO Ellisup
GRENOBLE
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
18
ELECTRIC BUSES – Opport. Charging
INDUCTIVE CHARGING
PRIMOVE
Project
200 kW continuous
charging
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
19
ELECTRIC BUSES – Opport. Charging
PRIMOVE e-Bus – Braunschweig
INDUCTIVE CHARGING
First commercial e-Bus route – M19 Braunschweig
Milestones
Project start: June 2012
Construction ready: Aug 2013
Vehicle tests: Q4 2013
Start of operation: Q1 2014
Project content
1 x 12m and 1 x 18m Bus
Option for additional 4x 18m Buses
Route
12 km circular route, SORT2
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel Trasporto Passeggeri - 1st CONFERENCE Passengers Road Transport System
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 - 31 gennaio 2014
20
’Grazie
per la cortese attenzione ’
Francisco González – Direttore Técnico – TMB
ViceChairman UITP Bus Committee
fagonzalez@tmb.cat
Coordinato da:
Organizzato da:
Roma – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, sala Emiciclo
30 – 31 gennaio 2014