•
What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome?
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
The resting potential of a neuron refers to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
thiamine deficiency resulting from alcoholism
glucose deficiency resulting from alcoholism
viruses that manage to cross the blood-brain barrier
glial cells that over-reproduce and increase pressure in the brain
the net positive charge on the inside of the neuron
ions which rest in one place in the cell
the movement of ions to the outside of the neuron
the net negative charge on the inside of the neuron.
The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is
to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell.
increase the number of positively charged ions within the cell.
decrease the number of positively charged ions outside the cell.
increase the number of negatively charged ions within the cell.
•
Who first suggested that the synapse was capable of a
specialized type of communication?
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
The neuron which receives synaptic transmission is called
the:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
Curt P. Richter
Paul MacLean
Santiago Ramon y Cajal
Charles S. Sherrington
postsynaptic neuron.
presynaptic neuron.
EPSP.
temporal summator.
What decays as it travels along the membrane of a neuron?
1.
2.
3.
4.
an action potential, but not an EPSP
an EPSP, but not an action potential
both an action potential and an EPSP
neither an action potential nor an EPSP
•
Receptor molecules for neurotransmitters that exert
metabotropic effects are proteins that bind to __________
outside the membrane, and bind to __________ inside the
membrane.
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
calcium; potassium
neurotransmitters; G-proteins
neurotransmitters; nicotine
adenosine; nitric oxide
Stem cells are important for which of the following
developmental processes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
migration
proliferation
myelination
Synaptogenesis
• How much alcohol, if any, can a pregnant woman drink without
worrying about the negative effects on her child?
1.
2.
3.
4.
the equivalent of two cocktails a day
the equivalent of one beer a day
anything less than what causes her to act drunk
unknown, and therefore abstention is recommended
• What is the term for the new branches that may form in
uninjured axons after damage to surrounding axons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
collateral sprouts
bifurcations
denervation supersensitivity
Diaschisis
• The suprachiasmatic nucleus is located:
1.
2.
3.
4.
inside the optic chiasm.
just above the optic chiasm.
below the optic chiasm.
in the occipital lobe.
•
In which of these disorders does the person awaken
repeatedly during the night?
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is
responsible for preparing the body for intense, vigorous,
emergency activity is the:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
narcolepsy
REM behavior disorder
maintenance insomnia
termination insomnia
somatic nervous system.
craniosacral nervous system.
sympathetic nervous system.
parasympathetic nervous system.
Which is NOT a typical effect of chronic stress?
1.
2.
3.
4.
secretions of the hormone cortisol
elevated blood sugar levels
strengthened immune system
enhanced metabolism
•
precursor for the synthesis of serotonin has been identified as:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
Animals with damage to the amygdala:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
tryptophan.
phenylalanine.
monoamine.
norepinephrine.
neither learn new fears nor retain previously learned fears.
fail to show a startle response to any stimulus.
become extremely aggressive and emotional.
are unable to store new memories of any kind.
Which of the following senses sends input only to the
ipsilateral hemisphere?
1.
2.
3.
4.
hearing
vision
smell
touch
•
In most humans, control of language is centered in the:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
You see the effects of lateralization more readily than normal
after damage to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
left hemisphere.
right hemisphere.
corpus callosum.
cerebellum.
the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
the corpus callosum.
one or the other eye.
the pineal gland.
Someone who suffered damage to the visual cortex of the left
hemisphere would probably have impaired vision in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
left eye.
right eye.
left visual field.
right visual field.
•
fMRI scans of males who were viewing various faces revealed
that nucleus accumbens activity was greatest when they were
viewing:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
Most habit-forming drugs activate which type of synapse?
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
attractive male faces.
unattractive female faces.
unattractive male faces.
attractive female faces.
acetylcholine
opiate
GABA
Dopamine
Nicotine directly stimulates receptors in the central nervous
system and at nerve-muscle junctions. These nicotinic
receptors are also receptors for which neurotransmitter?
1.
2.
3.
4.
glutamate
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
•
Cannabinoids are associated with which drug?
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
A family history of depression increases your risk more
strongly if you are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
nicotine
cocaine
morphine
Marijuana
female.
male.
left-handed.
right-handed.
The problems that schizophrenics have with memory and
attention are most likely related to an increased tendency of
having brain damage in the:
1.
2.
3.
4.
cerebellum
prefrontal cortex.
occipital cortex.
medulla