Design Process
Design Process
1) generation
Design Process
1) generation
2) selection
Design Process
1) generation
2) selection
3) alternatives
Design Process
1) generation
2) selection
3) alternatives
4) refinement
Design Process
1) generation
2) selection
3) alternatives
4) refinement
5) comp
Design Process
1) generation
2) selection
3) alternatives
4) refinement
5) comp
6) feedback
Design Process
1) generation
2) selection
3) alternatives
4) refinement
5) comp
6) client feedback
7) revisions
Design Process
1) generation
2) selection
3) alternatives
4) refinement
5) comp
6) client feedback
7) revisions
8) final
Stage 1: Generation
- Think “laterally”
- “concept” stage
- rough as you want- no one else needs see it
Lateral Thinking
Edward DeBono
invented the term 'lateral thinking' in 1967.
There are several ways of defining lateral thinking,
ranging from the technical to the illustrative.
"You cannot dig a hole in a
different place by digging the
same hole deeper"
This means that trying harder in the same direction
may not be as useful as changing direction.
Effort in the same direction (approach) will not
necessarily succeed.
"Lateral Thinking is for changing
concepts and perceptions"
Can be better understood by
comparing it to linear thinking
Linear: move sequentially forward
from one step to another, each
step building on the one before (eg
math)
Lateral: sequential steps not
necessary, sometimes one step is
“wrong” but suggests a correct
alternative.
Eg: insulin
Linear: because sequential steps
are deemed “correct”, end result is
believed to be prove “right”, but
basic premise may be wrong
Lateral: is about questioning that
initial assumption
Lateral thinking can never
substitute for linear thinking, both
are necessary.
Lateral thinking enhances problem
solving by questioning
assumptions and offering choices.
How can we stimulate lateral
thinking?
By consciously following certain
steps
Challenge assumptions
- breaking out of old
ideas/assumptions forces new
ways to look at a problem
- dot exercise
Join these dots with 4 straight,
connected lines
What was the assumption?
Before any design project,
question
What are the implicit
assumptions I’m making?
Generate Alternatives
- Not being satisfied with the
initial, obvious solution, forces
oneself to generate
alternatives
- often a genuinely new idea is
formed, not possible using
“linear” means
- square exercise
Divide this square into 4 identical
pieces
A principle discovered:
Any line, symmetrical about axis and drawn through
axis will generate identical shapes
Before starting concept stage,
decide on an arbitrary number of
concepts and don’t stop till you get
there.
NEVER be satisfied with your first
idea (though it’s OK to come back
to it AFTER you come up with many
more).
Brainstorming
- Working in groups facilitates
free association
Suspend judgment
- At the idea generation stage,
don’t judge the ideas, a “bad”
one may suggest a “good”
one
- Criticism/judgment come
later in the process
- Bathroom lock exercise
Example of Linear Thinking
Portable sound system
Linear Solution: How can we make
a stereo portable enough that an
individual can carry it?
Example of Lateral Thinking
Portable sound system
Lateral Solution: What are the
needs of a portable sound system?
Questioning Assumptions
- go to true basic needs
- portability, sound quality, sound
necessary for user only
Stage 2: Selection
Now, once we have many alternatives, we use critical
mind to judge effectiveness of designs.
- does it “solve” design problem
- does it satisfy formal design criteria
(rhythm, balance, proportion, etc)
- intuition: is it “working”
- refer back to research
Stage 3: Generate alternatives
within idea
- once you’ve narrowed it down to one idea,
generate alternatives around that idea
- play with elements
- can be one of the most important stages
- “push” the idea
Stage 4: Refinement
- pick the best of the alternatives and “tweak” it
- type at the top, at the bottom, on the side
- all variations
Stage 5: final outcome
- comp?
- proof of concept
- scenario video
- layout
- suitable to show a client to sell
idea
Stage 6: Client feedback
- client discusses “likes” and
“dislikes”, areas to change
- I will try to satisfy role of client,
and suggest areas to improve
Stage 7: Revisions
- correct/change as requested by
client
- repeat stages 5 ,6, and 7 as
needed
Stage 8: Final
- in the real world, it would go to to
press/web/development
- in our case, you hand it in