Alaplapok
Sima Dezső, Asztalos Olivér
2014 őszi félév
(Ver. 3.0)
 Sima Dezső, Asztalos Olivér 2008-2014
Contents
• 1. Motherboard categories
•
2. Predecessors – Standard desktop motherboards
•
3. Main types of motherboards
• 3.1 Overview
• 3.2 AT
• 3.3 Baby AT
• 3.4 ATX
• 3.5 ITX
•
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards
1. Motherboard categories
What is the motherboard?
Two main categories
STANDARD
NON-STANDARD
Source: http://www.gigabyte.com/
Non-standard motherboards
•
•
•
•
•
Notebook
Custom PC (e.g. AIO, Mini PC)
Tablet
Smart phone
etc.
Notebook motherboard
• Mobile (PGA) socket or soldered (BGA) processor
• SO-DIMM memory socket or soldered chips
• Mobile PCI Express Module (optional)
• Mini PCI Express/mSATA/M.2 (optional)
Source: http://www.notebookparts.com/hp-pavilion-g42-g56-g62-g72-cq42-cq56-cq62-amd-motherboard-592809-001/
Mini PC motherboard
Source: http://hexus.net/tech/reviews/systems/72173-gigabyte-brix-gaming-gb-bxi5g-760/?page=2
Tablet and smart phone motherboards
Source: https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/iPad+4+Wi-Fi+Teardown/11462
Standard computer motherboards
2. Predecessors
2. Predecessors (1)
AT
Designation
Type
5150 1
IBM/PC
IBM/PC-XT
2
5160 Mod. 087
4.77
16 KB
3/83
8088
4.77
128 KB
64 KB
Soldered+DIPP
no
5 1/4
no
5
-
256 KB
DIPP
no
5 1/4
360 K
10 MB
8
-
8.5"*12"
216*305
5
1/4
1.2 M
-
2
6
12"*13.8"
305*350
Type 1 MOB
360 K
20 MB
2
6
12"*13.8"
305*350
Type 1 MOB
1/2
6
256 KB
512 KB
DIPP
no
5170 Mod. 099
8/84
80286
6
512 KB
512 KB
DIPP
no
3
4
Mod. 339
IBM/PC XT-286
4
8088
4
5162
HD
No. of ISA slots Motherboard size
(standard)
8-bit 16-bit
inches
mm
MB
Chipset
80286
Mod. 319
3
8/81
Mhz
FD
(standard)
Size
KB
Memory
Type
8/84
Mod. 239
2
Proc.
type
5170 Mod. 068
IBM/PC-AT
1
fc
Memory size
Min.
Max.
on-board on-board
Date of
intro.
Remarks
10/85
80286
6
512 KB
512 KB
DIPP
no
3
720 K
30 MB
2
6
9.3"*13.8" 238*350
Type 2 MOB
4/86
80286
8
512 KB
512 KB
DIPP
no
3 1/2
1.44 M
30 MB
2
6
9.3"*13.8" 238*350
Type 2 MOB
4/86
80286
8
512 KB
512 KB
DIPP
no
3 1/2
5 1/4
1.44 M
30 MB
2
6
9.3"*13.8"
238*350
Type 2 MOB
5
8.6"*13"
218*330
9/86
80286
6
640 KB
640 KB
DIPP+SIMM/30
no
1.2 M
20 MB
3
BASIC compiler in PROM, up to two optional5 1/4FD with 160 KB/diskette, the max. on-board memory was increased to 256 KB in 3/83.
Several further models followed with enhanced features.
Baby AT
84-Key keyboard.
101-Key keyboard.
Figure 1.1: Main features of early IBM/PCs
2. Predecessors (2)
ROM
RAM
16-64 kbyte
or
64-256 kbyte
5x ISA 8bit
Casette
Keyboard
Parallel Intel 8088
DMA
controller I/O
CPU
PC
8087 arithm.
proc. socket
Figure 1.2: The motherboard of the IBM PC
Source: http://www.tomh.net/museum/mobo/pccassif.html
2. Predecessors (3)
Date of
intro.
Designation
fc
Mhz
1
Memory size
Min.
Max.
on-board
on-board
Memory
Type
IDE
No. of ISA slots
Motherboard size
8-bit
Inches
Remarks
16-bit
mm
5
-
yes
5
-
372*180
8
-
332*333
yes
3
5
8.6"*13"
330*218
DIPP
yes
3
2
8.6"*13"
330*218
DIPP
yes
~12"*10"
302*256
8088
4.77
128 KB
256 KB
10/83
8088
4.77
128 KB
640 KB
Compaq Deskpro
6/84
80286
8
128 KB
640 KB
DIPP
Compaq Desktop 286
4/85
80286
8
256 KB
2125 KB
DIPP
Compaq Portable 286
4/85
80286
8
256 KB
640 KB
Compaq Portable II
2/86
80286
8
128 KB
640 KB
Compaq Deskpro 386
9/86
80386
16
Compaq Portable Plus
Chipset
no
11/82
Compaq Portable
1
Proc.
type
Soldered
no
The Compaq Portable delivered 3/83 was the first 100x compalible IBM/PC clone.
Baby AT
Figure 1.3: Main features of early COMPAQ PCs
3. Main types of motherboards
3. Main types of motherboards
3.1. Overview (1)
AT
8/84
LPX 2
Enhanced
version
1987
Chipsets
ATX w/riser 5
NLX4
11/96
12/99
BTX7
Slim
boxes
Efficient
cooling
Baby AT 1
ATX3
Enhanced
version
~1985
8/95
Value
oriented
microATX 6
Value
oriented
microBTX 7
1/98
picoBTX7
Small Form Factor
(SFF)
9/03
Mini-ITX8
3/01
Nano-ITX8
Pico-ITX 8
3/03
1
2
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
05
06
07
Non-standardized slimline design with a central mounted riser card allowing 2-3 expansion slots
Through better component arrangement reduced cost and EMI emission, integrated AGP (from version 2.02 on)
4
Standardized, improved slimline design with an edge mounted riser card, integrated AGP
6
04
Baby AT: Smaller board size through higher integrated components (chip sets)
3
5
03
1/07
Low cost slimline ATX design by using a riser card with 2-3 expansion slots
7
Reduced size low cost ATX design with up to four expansion slots
In-line core layout to improve system cooling with scalable board dimensions
8
Developed by VIA. Small Form Factor (SFF). Low cost, small size. Mostly ATX compatible. Mini-ITX: max. 1 full lenght PCI(e), Long-DIMM/SO-DIMM.
Figure 2.1: Genealogy of major form factors
3.1. Overview (2)
PCI
AT
PCH
HUB architecture
8/84
LPX
ATX w/riser
NLX
1987
11/96
12/99
BTX
Baby AT
ATX
~1985
8/95
microBTX
microATX
1/98
picoBTX
9/03
Mini-ITX
3/01
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
Figure 2.3: Introducing new types of system architectures
01
02
Nano-ITX
Pico-ITX
3/03
1/07
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
PCI architecture
HUB architecture
PCH architecture
P
P
P
System contr.
MCH
PCH
PCI
PCIe
Perif. contr.
ICH
ISA
PCI
Figure 2.4: Contrasting the PCI, the HUB, and the PCH architectures
3.1. Overview (3)
SIMM/72
AT
DIMM/168
8/84
LPX
ATX w/riser
NLX
1987
11/96
12/99
BTX
Baby AT
ATX
~1985
8/95
microBTX
microATX
1/98
picoBTX
9/03
Mini-ITX
3/01
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
Figure 2.5: Introducing new types of memory modules
01
02
Nano-ITX
Pico-ITX
3/03
1/07
03
04
05
06
07
3.1. Overview (4)
USB
AGP
ATA
LPC
PCI
AT
8/84
LPX
SATA
ATX w/riser
NLX
1987
PCI-E
AC ‘97
11/96
12/99
BTX
Baby AT
ATX
~1985
8/95
microBTX
microATX
1/98
picoBTX
9/03
Mini-ITX
3/01
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
Figure 2.6: Introducing new types of buses
00
01
02
Nano-ITX
Pico-ITX
3/03
1/07
03
04
05
06
07
3.1. Overview (5)
Date of
intro.
AT
Type of
strandard
Typ. nr. of
I/O-slots
8/84
Quasi-standard
8
Baby AT
~1985
Quasi-standard
LPX (Western Digital)
~1987
NLX
Typical board measures (W*D)
inches
mm
Case
12"*13.8"
305*350
Full AT, Full Tower
7/8
8.6"*13" (~9"-13")
218*330 (~229-330)
Baby AT
Quasi-standard
3/4
9"*13" (~9"-13")
229*330 (~229-330)
Slimline
11/96
Standard
3/4
(8"-9")*(10"-13.6")
(203-229)*(254-345)
Slimline
ATX
8/95
Standard
7
12"*9.6" (~7"-9.6")
305*244 (~178-244)
ATX
EATX
1/98
Standard
7
12"*13"
305*330
EATX
MicroATX
1/98
Standard
4
9.6"*9.6"
244*244
MicroATX
ATX with riser
12/99
Standard
2/3
12"*9.6" (~7"-9.6")
305*244 (~178-244)
Slimline
MicroATX with riser
12/99
Standard
2/3
9.6"*9.6"
244*244
Slimline
Mini-ITX
3/01
Standard
1 (+1 MPCIE)
6.7"*6.7"
170*170
Mini-ITX
Nano-ITX
3/03
Standard
1 (only MPCIE)
4.7"*4.7"
120*120
Nano-ITX
BTX
9/03
Standard
7
12.8"*10.5"
325*267
BTX
MicroBTX
9/03
Standard
4
10.4"*10.5"
264*267
MicroBTX
PicoBTX
9/03
Standard
1
8"*10.5"
203*267
PicoBTX
Pico-ITX
1/07
Standard
3.9"*2.8"
100*72
Pico-ITX
W: Maximum allowable width
D: Maximum allowable depth
1 (only MPCIE)
Figure 2.7: Salient features of major form factors
Processor sockets
PGA Socket
Slot
LGA Socket
3.2. AT (1)
8/16-bit
ISA slots
305
DIPP
CPU
(286)
KBD
KBD
PC
350
Figure 2.8: Layout of an AT-motherboard
3.2. AT (2)
DRAM
512 Kbyte
2x 8 bit/
5x 16 bit
ISA
8087 arithm.
proc. socket
Keyboard
PC
Intel 8088
CPU
Figure 2.9: The motherboard of the IBM PC/AT
Source:http://library.thinkquest.org/18268/photos.htm
3.2. AT (3)
This is a Western Digital Disk Drive Interface Card.
This is a Case Interface, both parallel and serial.
Figure 2.10: Adapter cards of the IBM PC/AT
Source:http://library.thinkquest.org/18268/photos.htm
3.3. Baby AT (1)
KBD
Power connectorPC
244
SIMM/30
8/16-bit ISA slots
L2 cache DIPP
CPU
(386)
218
Figure 2.11: Layout of an early Baby AT-motherboard
3.3. Baby AT (2)
KBD
FD
HD
230
PC
PCI/32 slots
SIMM/72
ISA/16 slots
CPU
(Pentium)
L2 cache
218
Figure 2.12: Layout of a late Baby AT-motherboard
3.3. Baby AT (3)
3x PCI/32
PC
System
contr.
4x SIMM/72
3x ISA/16
FD
L2
CPU
Periph.
contr.
IDE
Figure 2.13: Example: A Pentium-based late Baby AT-motherboard
3.4. ATX (1)
1
Double-high expandable I/O
2
One chassis fan
3
7
Six full-length slots
6
4
Processor located
near power supply
One power connector
5 Connectors close to
peripheral bays
Easy to access
system memory
Figure 2.18: Layout principles of an ATX case
Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,
Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf
3.4. ATX (1)
1
Double-high expandable I/O
Figure 2.16: Layout principles of an ATX case
Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,
Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf
MIDI/Game port
MIDI/Game port
USB
VGA
Line Out
COM1
Line In Mic In
Figure 2.17: Double height connectors of an ATX motherboard
Source: ABIT SL6 Users’s Manual
http://www.abit.com.tw
PS/2 Mouse
PS/2 Keyb.
3.4. ATX (2)
ATX
Baby AT
AT
Figure 2.19: Placement of the mounting holes on the AT, Baby AT, and ATX motherboards
Source: ATX Specification v. 2.01,
Source: http://www.berkprod.com/docs/atx_201.pdf
3.4. ATX (3)
Main types of ATX motherboards
Early
PCI-based
Late
PCI-based
Early
port-based
Mature
port-based
Serial
port-based
Chipset
430
440
81x/82x
84x/86x
915
Processor
Pentium
PentiumII/
PentiumIII
(slot 1)
PentiumIII
Pentium4
Pentium4
Prescott
Typ.
Memory
I/O
SIMM/72
DIMM/168
IDE/ATA
USB
AGP
PCI-E
Example
Example
Example
Example
3.4. ATX (4)
USB
I/O connector
PC
PC
186
Slot1 (Pentium II/III)
PCI/32
AGP
DIMM/168
ISA/16
HD
FD
305
Figure 2.21: Layout of a late PCI-based ATX-motherboard
3.4. ATX (5)
3x ISA/16
4x PCI/32
AGP
ATX connectors
CPU
(Slot1)
System
contr.
PC
4x DIMM/168
BIOS
Peripherial
contr.
Battery
FD
IDE
Figure 2.22: A late PCI-based motherboard for PentiumIIs (MSI’s MS-6111)
(Based on Intel’s 440LX chipset for slot 1 processors (1997)
Source: http://www.msi.com.tw/program/support/download
3.4. ATX (6)
USB
I/O connector
CPU
(Pentium III)
PC
PC
186
PCI/32
AGP
DIMM/168
ISA/16
HD
FD
305
Figure 2.23: Layout of an early port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium III/Pentium4 processors.
3.4. ATX (7)
CNR
5x PCI/32
ATX connectors
AGP
PC
MCH
CPU
Battery
3x DIMM
BIOS
ICH
IDE
FD
Figure 2.24: Early, port based ATX motherboard for Pentium IIIs (Abit’s SL6)
(based on Intel’s 815 chipset)
Source: http://www.abit-usa.com/products/mb
3.4. ATX (8)
4x PCI/32
AGP
ATX connectors
Battery
CPU
(P4)
BIOS
4x DIMM/168
ICH
FD
MCH
PC
IDE
Fgure 2.25: Mature port-based ATX motherboard for Pentium4 processors (Intel’s D865PERL)
Source: http://www.intel.com/products/motherboard/d865perl/index.htm
3.4. ATX (9)
I/O connector
PCI E. x1
244
PCI/32
CPU
(Pentium 4)
PCI E. x16
HD
DIMM/168
SATA
PC
FD
305
Figure 2.26: Layout of a serial-port based ATX-motherboard for Pentium4 Prescott processors.
3.4. ATX (10)
PCI Ex16
BIOS
2x PCI Ex1
MCH
(915P/G)
3x PCI/32
P4 Prescott
Bat
IDE RAID c.
(VIA 6410)
IHC6/6R
4x DIMM
2x USB
Syst. monitoring
2xIDE
4x SATA
IDE
PS
FD
Figure 2.27: Serial port-based ATX-motherboard for Pentium4 Prescotts (MSI’s 915G Combo)
http://www.pricegrabber.com/search_getprod.php/masterid=3191326
3.4. ATX (11)
Syst. monitoring
3x PCI Ex16
2x PCI Ex16
2x PCI/32
LGA1155
(SNB/IVB)
Bat.
4x DIMM
P67 PCH
6x SATA
BIOS
Figure 2.28: ATX-motherboard with PCH architecture for Intel Sandy/Ivy B. (Gigabyte GA-P67A-D3)
http://www.gigabyte.com/products/product-page.aspx?pid=3800#ov
3.4. Micro ATX (for SoC) (12)
1x PCI Ex16
1x PCI Ex16
Socket AM1
(AMD Kabini)
Bat.
2x DIMM
BIOS
2x SATA
Figure 2.29: Micro ATX-motherboard without integrated controller HUB for SoC (ASRock AM1B-M)
http://www.asrock.com/mb/amd/am1b-m/
3.5. ITX motherboards (1)
•Small Form Factor (SFF)
•Embedded systems
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_form_factor
3.5. Mini-ITX (2)
ATX power
2x DIMM
6x SATA
FCH (HUB)
1x Mini PCIe
BIOS
1x PCI Ex16
Figure 2.30: Mini-ITX motherboard for AMD FM2+ APUs (ASRock FM2A88X-ITX+)
http://www.asrock.com/mb/amd/fm2a88x-itx+/
3.5. Nano-ITX (3)
Non-ATX power
1x SO-DIMM
(on the back)
1x Mini PCIe
Battery
1x SATA
Figure 2.31: Nano-ITX motherboard with AMD G-Series APU (Axiomtek NANO101)
http://axiomtek.com/Default.aspx?MenuId=Products&FunctionId=ProductView&ItemId=958
3.5. Pico-ITX (4)
1x SATA
Non-ATX power
1x SO-DIMM + 1x MPCIE
(on the back)
Figure 2.32: Pico-ITX motherboard with Intel Core i7-4650U (Axiomtek PICO880)
http://axiomtek.com/Default.aspx?MenuId=Products&FunctionId=ProductView&ItemId=1105
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (1)
On card 1
On-board 2
By the chipset
By the processor
Examples:
VGA controller
IDE/ATA controller
1
2
On an ISA/PCI adapter card
By dedicated controller chips on the motherboard
Figure 4.1: Evolution of the implementation of I/O controllers
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (2)
ATX w/rise r
~2000
NLX
~1997
LPX
~1987
AT
Formfactors of
announced
motherboards
ATX
8/84
~1996
Baby AT
~1985
m i croATX
~1998
BTX
m i croBTX
picoBTX
ˇ~2004
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
DRAM
1981
FPM
~1987
EDO
DRAM technology
and packaging
1995
SDRAM
~1996
RDRAM
DIPP
2000
1981
SIPP/30
~1983
SIMM/30
~1984
SIMM/72
~1989
DIMM/168
1995
Figure 4.4: Estimated use of DRAM technology and packaging style in announced motherboards
4. Overview of the evolution of motherboards (3)
ATX w/rise r
~2000
NLX
~1997
LPX
~1987
AT
Formfactors of
announced
motherboards
ATX
8/84
~1996
Baby AT
~1985
m i croATX
~1998
BTX
m i croBTX
picoBTX
ˇ~2004
79
80
81
82
83
84
8
16
1981
1984
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
ISA
PC I
1992
v2.0
v2.1
v2.2
1993
1995
1998
v2.3
2002
PC I-X
2004
2000
PC I-E
1.0
2.0
1996
2002
US B
2004
LPC
Supported I/O
1997
2x
4x
8x
1997
1999
2002
ATA/33
ATA/66
1997
1999
AGP
SC SI
~1991
ATA-2
ATA
1991?
1995
ATA/100
2000
SATA
Implemented on-board
Implemented on-chipset
1.0
2003
MbE
1991?
GbE
2002
AC /97
1999
2000
2001
Figure 4.5: Estimated I/O-support in announced motherboards
05