DAY 5:
EXCEL CHAPTER 2
Tazin Afrin
Tazin.Afrin@mail.wvu.edu
September 03, 2013
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FOMULA BASICS
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Semi selection / pointing
Using cell reference
Basic functions
Logical, lookup and financial functions
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SEMI-SELECTION
• Semi-selection is the process of using the
mouse pointer to select cells while building
a formula.
• Called pointing because you use the
mouse pointer to select cells as you build
the formula.
• Used to select cell/ranges.
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CELL REFERENCE
• When copying formula to other cell, ask
yourself :
– Do the cell references need to adjust for the
copied formulas ?
– should the cell references always refer to the
same cell location, regardless where the
copied formula is located?
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CELL REFERENCE
• 3 types :
– Relative reference
– Absolute reference
– Mixed reference
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RELATIVE CELL REFERENCE
• Indicates a cell’s relative location from the
cell containing the formula
– such as two rows up and one column to the
left
• The cell reference changes when the
formula is copied
– maintain the same relative distance from the
copied formula cell
– Example, =A8-B8
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RELATIVE CELL REFERENCE
Relative cell
reference
Selected cell
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RELATIVE CELL REFERENCE
Relative cell
reference
Selected cell
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RELATIVE CELL REFERENCE
• Why this happen ?
– Because you copy the formula down the
column to cell C12
– the column letters in the formula stay the
same, but the row numbers change, down
one row number at a time.
– Using relative cell addresses ensures this
calculation for each borrower
• amount financed = house cost - down payment
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ABSOLUTE CELL REFERENCE
• Indicates a cell’s specific location
– provides a permanent reference to a specific
cell
• the cell reference does not change when
you copy the formula
– Regardless of where you copy the formula
– Appears with a dollar sign before both the
column letter and row number, such as $B$5.
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ABSOLUTE CELL REFERENCE
Absolute cell
reference
Formulas referring
to this cell should
contain an
absolute reference
Selected cell
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ABSOLUTE CELL REFERENCE
Formulas referring
to this cell should
contain an
absolute reference
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ABSOLUTE CELL REFERENCE
• If Down payment rate in cell B5 changes
from 20% to 25% then down payment for
all the borrowers changes.
• For C8 = A8*$B$5
– A8 is relative reference, changes as you copy
the formula to C9
– *$B$5 is absolute reference, does not change
to B6
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MIXED CELL REFERENCE
• Contains both an absolute and a relative
cell reference in a formula
– combines an absolute cell reference with a
relative cell reference
• The absolute part does not change but the
relative part does when you copy the
formula.
– either the column letter or the row number
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MIXED CELL REFERENCE
• Example –
– $B5 or B$5 is a mixed cell reference
– $B5, the column B is absolute, and the row
number is relative; when you copy the
formula, the column letter, B, does not
change, but the row number will change.
– B$5, the column letter, B, changes, but the
row number, 5, does not change.
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MIXED CELL REFERENCE
Mixed cell
reference
Selected cell
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MIXED CELL REFERENCE
• Because you are copying down the same
column, only the row reference 5 must be
absolute; the column letter stays the same
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SHORTCUT KEYS
• The F4 key toggles through relative, absolute, and
mixed references. Click a cell reference within a
formula on the Formula Bar, and then press F4 to
change it.
– For example, click in B5 in the formula =A8*B5. Press
F4, and the relative cell reference (B5) changes to an
absolute cell reference ($B$5).
– Press F4 again, and $B$5 becomes a mixed
reference (B$5);
– press F4 again, and it becomes another mixed
reference ($B5).
– Press F4 a fourth time, and the cell reference returns
to the original relative reference (B5).
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AVOIDING CIRCULAR CELL
REFERENCE
• A circular reference occurs when a formula
directly or indirectly refers to itself.
• =A8-C8 in cell C8
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FUNCTION BASICS
• A function is a predefined formula that performs
a calculation.
• Syntax is a set of rules that govern the structure
and components for properly entering a function.
• An argument is an input, such as a cell
reference or value, needed to complete a
function
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INSERTING FUNCTION
• Formula AutoComplete displays a list of
functions and defined names as you enter a
function.
– Select a cell
– Type an equal sign
– Begin typing the function name
• If you type =SU, Formula AutoComplete displays
a list of functions and names that start with SU
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INSERTING FUNCTION
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FUNCTION SCREEN TIP
• Function ScreenTip, a small pop-up description
that displays the function’s arguments
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FUNCTION DIALOG BOX
Input
Values
Definition
Function
result
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BASIC STATISTICAL FUNCTION
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=AVERAGE(number 1,[number2], . . .)
=MEDIAN(number 1,[number 2], . . .)
=MIN(number 1,[number 2], . . .)
=MAX(number 1,[number 2], . . .)
=COUNT(number 1,[number 2], . . .)
=COUNTBLANK(number 1,[number 2], . .)
=COUNTA(number 1,[number 2], . . .)
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DATE FUNCTION
• =TODAY()
• =NOW()
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LOGICAL FUNCTION
• The IF function evaluates a condition and
returns one value if the condition is true
and a different value if the condition is
false.
=IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)
• The logical test is an expression that
evaluates to true or false.
– result is either true or false
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LOGICAL OPERATORS
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LOOKUP FUNCTION
• A lookup table is a range that contains
data for the basis of the lookup and data to
be retrieved
• The breakpoint is the lowest value for a
specific category or series in a lookup
table
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VLOOKUP FUNCTION
• The VLOOKUP function looks up a value
in a vertical lookup table and returns a
related result from the lookup table.
– =VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_ind
ex_number,[range_lookup])
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VLOOKUP FUNCTION
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_in
dex_number,[range_lookup])
– The lookup value is a reference to a cell
containing a value to look up.
– The table array is a range containing a
lookup table.
– The column index number is the argument
in a VLOOKUP function that identifies which
lookup table column from which to return a
value.
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VLOOKUP FUNCTION
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HLOOKUP FUNCTION
• The HLOOKUP function looks up a value
in a horizontal lookup table where the first
row contains the values to compare with
the lookup value.
– =HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_in
dex_number,[range_lookup])
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NEXT CLASS
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PMT function
Range names
Imports
Web queries
Xml
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THANK YOU
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