History of the AO
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AO Foundation Education History of the AO 1958−2008 Kevin Newman St Peter‘s Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, UK 1944 The inspiration for AO Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland (1918−) met a former soldier who had received a femoral nailing by Gerhard Küntscher Kiel, Germany (1900−1972) military surgeon 2 1950 The early years Maurice Müller resident of Liestal, Switzerland (1918−) was on a fellowship in Holland with Cornelis Pieter van Nes Leiden, Netherlands (1897−1972) who advised him to visit Robert Danis in Bruxelles 3 1950 Compression plating Robert Danis Bruxelles, Belgium (1880−1962) “Théorie et Pratique de l’Osteosynthèse” coapteur plate for rigid fixation Compression for “per primam” healing Absence of callus “soudure autogène” 4 1951 First results of ORIF Maurice Müller Fribourg, Switzerland • 75 patients • stable fixation • early mobilization • no complications 5 1952 Old army friendships Robert Schneider 6 Maurice Müller 1954 Documenting trauma Lorenz Böhler Wien, Austria (1885−1973) 241,000 trauma x-rays Accident Hospital 7 1956 Five friends, eight more Müller Patry Brussatis Baumann Willenegger Allgöwer Guggenbühl Ott Schneider Hunziker Bandi Schär Stähli 8 1958 AO founded in Biel (Bienne) November 6, 1958, Hotel Elite Biel (Bienne), Switzerland 9 1958 AO Founders Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen 10 Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Walter Bandi Robert Schneider Hans Willenegger Zürich Chur Interlaken Grosshöchstetten Liestal 1918− 1917−2007 1912−1997 1912−1990 1910−1998 1958 Hex-head screw Maurice Müller Zürich, Switzerland (1918−) Robert Mathys Bettlach, Switzerland (1921−2000) 11 1959 AO Principles Hans Willenegger Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Robert Mathys 1 2 3 4 12 Documentation of all patients Development of implants and instruments Research of fracture healing and tissue cultures Teaching of osteosynthesis techniques 1959 AO Laboratory Davos Martin Allgöwer Davos, Switzerland (1917−2007) AO Laboratory for Experimental Surgery Forschungsinstitut Obere Strasse 13 1959 AO Documentation Maurice Müller Davos, Switzerland (1918−) 14 1960 1st AO Course in Davos Participants: 56 7 2 3 1 Maurice Müller teaches femoral nailing in the AO Lab. 15 1960 AO in Davos 16 1960 AO Faculty in Davos Robert Schneider Walter Ott Walter Schär Walter Bandi Martin Allgöwer Fritz Brussatis Willy Hunziker August Guggenbühl René Patry Ernst Baumannn (Fischer) 17 (Keller) Hans Willenegger Maurice Müller Walter Stähli (Bloch) 1961 AO TK founded Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland (1918−) Robert Mathys Bettlach, Switzerland (1921−2000) 18 1961 AO Round hole plate Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland 19 1961 AO Compression device Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland 20 1961 2nd AO Course in Davos John Charnley and Martin Allgöwer in the AO Davos Lab. 21 1963 AO Principles of ORIF Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Hans Willenegger Robert Schneider 1 Atraumatic surgical technique 2 Anatomical reduction of fracture 3 Stable internal fixation 4 Early active pain free mobilization 22 1963 AO Plating 23 1963 AO Instrument boxes Attendance at an official AO Course was mandatory for purchasing the six official AO Instrument boxes. 24 1963 Teaching nurses 25 1963 AO Tubular plates Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland 1/2 tubular 1/3 tubular 1/4 tubular 26 1963 Primary bone healing Hans Willenegger Liestal (1910−1998) Robert Schenk Basel (1923−) 27 Fritz Straumann Waldenburg (1921−1988) 1965 AO Nailing Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland 28 1968 High-energy fractures Martin Allgöwer Basel, Switzerland Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland 29 1969 AO VET (veterinary) Dog treated with Kuntscher nail by H Knoll, J Jenny and owner H Willenegger 30 1969 Dynamic compression Martin Allgöwer Stephan Perren Max Russenberger Dynamic Compression Plate Narrow: DCP 3.5 Broad: DCP 4.5 31 1969 AO Manual Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Robert Schneider Hans Willenegger 1970 Translated from German into English by by Joseph Schatzker 32 1970 AO and Lorenz Böhler Prof Willenegger presents Prof Böhler with AO book. 33 1972 AO International Hans Willenegger Liestal, Switzerland (1910−1998) 1st president of AOI 34 1974 1st AO CMF course Joachim Prein Basel, Switzerland 35 1978 Strain theory of healing Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Alexander Boitzy St Gallen, Switzerland 36 1981 Biomechanical stability Bernhard Georg Weber St Gallen, Switzerland (1927−2002) Minimax Fracture Fixation Minimal amount of metal Maximum stability 37 1983 Soft-tissue injury Harald Tscherne Hannover, Germany Tscherne classification of closed fractures 38 1984 AO Foundation Peter von Rechenberg Notary 39 Martin Allgöwer Thomas Peter Rüedi Matter Maurice Müller Robert Schneider Fritz Straumann Robert Mathys Hans Willenegger Stephan Perren Hansjörg Wyss 1984 Four pillars of AO Martin Allgöwer Basel, Switzerland 1st AO Foundation president Four pillars of cooperation: • Documentation • Teaching • Research • Instrumentation 40 1987 AO Classification Maurice Müller Peter Koch Serge Nazarian “A classification is useful only if it considers the severity of the bone lesion and serves as a basis for treatment and for evaluation of the results.” 41 1987 Indications for ORIF Joseph Schatzker Toronto, Canada 42 Marvin Tile Toronto, Canada 1988 Periosteal blood supply (plates) Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Osteoporosis under plate is caused by bone necrosis and not by stress protection 43 1988 AO Plastic bones Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland “Synthes bones” = SYNBONE 44 Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland 1989 AO Founders reunited Hans Willenegger Robert Schneider Maurice Müller Peter von Rechenberg CEO 45 Martin Allgöwer Walter Bandi 1989 AO Alumni Association 56 local chapters in 6 AO Regions in 2008 Europe North America Middle East Asia Pacific Latin America 46 Africa 1989 Indirect reduction Jeff Mast Roland Jakob Reinhold Ganz 47 1990 “Bio-logical” fixation Alexander Boitzy Bern, Switzerland Reinhold Ganz Bern, Switzerland Soft-tissue injury determines the type of fracture fixation. Three stages of tissue damage: 1. Compromised (careful standard fixation possible) 2. Partial degloving (indirect reduction required) 3. Soft tissues destroyed (reconstruction essential) 48 1990 Endosteal blood supply (nails) Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland 49 1990 Small footprint LC-DCP Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland 50 Emanuel Gautier Chur, Switzerland L Limited C Contact D Dynamic C Compression P Plate 1990 Robert Schneider passes away 51 1992 AO North America 52 1992 AO Center Davos Spring Fall 53 Summer Winter 1993 Internal fixator PC-Fix Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Slobodan Tepic ???, Switzerland PC-Fix Point Contact Fixator Monocortical locking 54 1994 AO East Asia Suthorn Bavonratanavech Chiangmai, Thailand 1st president of AOEA Hong Kong Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore South Korea Taiwan/Chinese Taipei Thailand 55 1995 LISS Robert Frigg Bettlach, Switzerland Less Invasive Stabilization System Locking head screws 56 1997 Walter Bandi passes away 57 1997 Mini incisions (MIPO) Christian Krettek Harald Tscherne Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis 58 1998 AO Latin America AOLAT • • • • • • • • • 59 Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador México Perú Uruguay 1998 Hans Willenegger passes away 60 1999 AO Clinical investigation Ruedi Moser 1999−2003 61 Beate Hanson 2003− Surgeon of the 20th century 62 2000 AO Principles of Fracture Management Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland 63 Liam Murphy Surrey, England 2000 Howard Rosen passes away 64 2000 Robert Mathys passes away 65 2000 Locking compression plates Robert Frigg Michael Wagner Robert Schavan Bettlach, Switzerland Wien, Austria Willich Anrath, Germany Combination hole Osteoporotic bone Nonunions 66 2000 AO Plate technology 1961 1963 1970 Round hole plates Tubular plates Dynamic compression plates Maurice Müller Maurice Müller Stephan Perren 1989 1990 1990 Indirect reduction techniques Biological fixation Limited contact (DC) plates Jeff Mast Reinhold Ganz Stephan Perren 1993 1997 1995 2000 PC-Fix MIPO LISS Locking compression plates (LCP) Stephan Perren Christian Krettek Robert Frigg Robert Frigg 67 2001 Anatomical plates Preshaped locking plates for MIPO techniques 68 2001 AO Portal on the Internet 69 2002 Hardi Weber passes away 70 2002 StarDrive screws Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland 71 2003 AOSpine is formed John Webb Max Aebi Paul Pavlov Nottingham, England Montreal, Canada Nijmegen, Netherlands 72 2003 Strain theory and LCP Michael Wagner Wien, Austria 73 Christoph Sommer Chur, Switzerland 2004 AO CAS and BrainLAB Christian Krettek Hannover, Germany C A S 74 Computer Aided Surgery 2005 AO Expert nails 75 2006 AO Trauma Asia Pacific AOTAP Australia China Hong Kong Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore South Korea Taiwan Thailand India joins AOTAP in 2007 76 2006 AO LCP Manual Michael Wagner Wien, Austria Robert Frigg Bettlach, Switzerland 77 2006 AO Surgery reference Editors: Chris Colton Peter Trafton Joseph Schatzker Ernst Raaymakers 78 2007 AOSpine Manual John Webb 79 Vincent Arlet Max Aebi 2007 AO Principles of Fracture Management─2nd edition Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland Richard Buckley Calgary, Canada Christopher Moran Nottingham, England 80 2007 Pediatric classification Theddy Slongo Bern, Switzerland 81 Laurent Audigé Dübendorf, Switzerland 2007 Martin Allgöwer passes away 82 2008 AO 50th anniversary Professor Maurice Müller on his 90th birthday March 28, 2008 unveils a plaque in Hotel Elite. Biel (Bienne) Switzerland 83 84 Transforming Surgery Changing Lives 85
