Science – Constructive and
Destructive Forces
The center and hottest layer of Earth
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Crust
Mantle
Pangea
Core
Erosion
Plate
The process of dropping sediment
in a new location
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Fault
Deposition
Volcano
Weathering
Mantle
Landform
“Supercontinent” on Earth millions
of years ago
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Mantle
Pangea
Mass Movement
Landform
Fossils
Erosion
Process in which soil, sand, and
sediment are formed
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Fossils
Weathering
Lava
Volcano
Plate
Mass movement
Rigid block of crust and uppermantle rock
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Mantle
Core
Earthquake
Crust
Plate
Deposition
Physical Feature on Earth’s surface
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Fossils
Landforms
Fault
Weathering
Continental Drift
Mass Movement
Shaking of ground from energy
release in the crust
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Volcano
Erosion
Weathering
Earthquake
Plate
Landform
Remains of traces of past life found
in the crust
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Fossils
Deposition
Magma
Continental Drift
Mantle
Pangea
Middle layer of Earth
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Crust
Fossils
Core
Lava
Mantle
Plate
Hot, soft rock from the lower mantle
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Fossils
Magma
Weathering
Core
Volcano
Fault
Theory of how continents move
over Earth’s surface
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Pangea
Mass movement
Earthquake
Continental Drift
Erosion
Deposition
Outer, very thin layer of Earth
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Core
Crust
Deposition
Mantle
Fault
Pangea
Place where pieces of the crust move
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Core
Mantle
Erosion
Faults
Magma
Plate
Downhill shifting of rock and soil
because of gravity
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Continental drift
Mass movement
Pangea
Magma
Volcano
Earthquake
Opening in the crust through which
lava flows
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Earthquake
Continental Drift
Core
Volcano
Deposition
Landform
Process of moving sediment from
one place to another
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Erosion
Fossils
Earthquake
Continental Drift
Mass Movement
Pangea
What is the difference between
constructive and destructive forces?
• Constructive forces build up
landforms, while destructive
forces break down landforms
What does a seismograph measure?
• The intensity of an earthquake
What happens when rocks rub
against each other in running water?
• They become smooth
What happens when a volcano
erupts?
• Magma is forced out an
opening in the Earth’s crust. It
then becomes lava and
hardens.
The center of the Earth is extremely
hot. Why, then, is it solid?
• Because of pressure
What can happen when water
freezes inside the crack of a rock?
• It can break the rock
How can a dam prevent flooding?
• By holding back and regulating
the flow of water
Where does the magma from
volcanoes come from?
• Deep inside the Earth
What forces of nature can erode a
rock?
• Wind, rain, ice
How does pollution speed up the
erosion of rocks?
• By causing acid rain, which
dissolves rock faster
What causes state or are to have a
lot of earthquakes?
• They are located on a fault line
A new island formed in Iceland in
1963. What was most likely the
cause of this island forming?
• A volcano
Give an example of a constructive
force.
• A volcano, fault lines cause a
mountain to form, deposition
forming a delta, etc.
Give an example of a destructive
force.
• A volcano top blowing,
landslides, mudslides,
avalanches, erosion by wind,
rain, or ice, etc.
Why do scientists think there was
originally one supercontinent that split
up into the seven continents we now
have?
• The continents seem to fit
together like a puzzle and
fossils for animals from one
continent have been found on
other continents, suggesting
they were once one.
Which of the fossil layers shown is
the most recent?
The following pictures show the effects of
wave action on a rock. Which would be the
last picture if you put the pictures in order?
What type of weathering is
occurring in this picture?
a. water weathering – water is causing
erosion by moving the sand
b. wind weathering – wind is causing
erosion by moving the sand
What type of weathering is
occurring in this picture?
Water is wearing away the rock by flowing
over it.
What do glaciers form?
• Valleys (both U-shaped valleys
and V-shaped valleys,
depending on the size of the
glacier.
Explain how you could use ordinary
items from your house to make a
model of the Earth.
• Answers will vary