Chapter 6
magma- melted rock below Earth’s
surface; called lava at the surface
Core- Earth’s innermost structure
two views of the same thing
mantle- the thick layer of Earth’s
structure just below the crust
lithosphere-the shell formed from
Earth’s solid upper mantle and
crust
crust- the thin, rocky outer layer of
Earth
Although it looks thin compared to the other layers, there are plenty of
things happening at the crust.
plate tectonics- the theory that
giant plates of Earth’s crust and
upper mantle are moving slowly
across Earth’s surface
continental
drift
many
animations
fault- a crack in the Earth’s crust
where movement takes place
There are major fault lines at the boundaries of continental
plates. The plates don’t always move in the same direction.
There are also faults in the U.S.
earthquake- a violent shaking of
Earth’s crust as built-up energy is
released
focus- the point inside Earth where
an earthquake begins
epicenter- the point on Earth’s
surface directly over the focus of
an earthquake
seismic waves- waves of energy
sent through Earth when parts of
the crust move suddenly during an
earthquake
Here’s a link to a model that shows how
waves can move. Go to the mighty wave
maker.
When the Earth’s plates move but
not in a sudden movement
(earthquake), mountains can form.
Here’s a link to explain it a bit
further.
dome mountain- one that forms
when magma pushes up on Earth’s
crust but does not break through
fault-block mountains- ones
formed along fault lines where
blocks of rock fall, are thrust up, or
slide
fold mountains- ones that form
where two plates collide and force
layers of rock into folds
notice the curvy
shapes of rock
layers
fossil- the physical remains or
traces of a plant or animal that
lived long ago
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means where two plates collide
and force layers into folds?
fold mountain
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means the physical remains of
something that lived long ago?
fossil
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means ones that form along fault
lines, having blocks that fall, are thrust up, or slide?
fault-block
mountains
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means a violent shaking of
Earth’s crust?
earthquake
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means the thick layer just
below the crust?
mantle
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means ones that form when magma
pushes up but does not break through?
dome mountain
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means the point inside the
Earth where the earthquake begins?
focus
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means melted rock below the
Earth’s surface (called lava on top)?
magma
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means the point on the surface
directly over the focus of an earthquake?
epicenter
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means the shell formed from
the solid upper mantle and crust?
lithosphere
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means a crack in the Earth’s
crust where movement takes place?
fault
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means Earth’s innermost
structure?
core
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means energy sent through
Earth when earthquakes happen?
seismic waves
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means the thin, rocky outer
layer of Earth?
crust
Quiz Time!
core, crust, dome mountain, earthquake,
epicenter, fault, fault-block mountain,
focus, fold mountain, fossil, lithosphere,
magma, mantle, plate tectonics, seismic
waves
Which word means the theory that plates of the
Earth’s crust are moving along its surface?
plate tectonics
Here’s an explanation of the Earth
to it’s core.