Freshwater testate amoebae
(Amoebozoa, Rhizaria):
diversity and distribution
Група Testacea
Тип Sarcomastigophora HONIGBERG A.BALAMUTH,1963
Подтип Sarcodina SCHMARDA, 1871
Надклас Rhizopoda VON SIEBOLD, 1845
Клас Lobosea CARPENTER, 1861
Подклас Testacealobosea DE SAEDELEER, 1934
Разред Arcellinida Kent, 1880
Клас Filosea LEIDY, 1879
Подклас Testaceafilosea DE SAEDELEER, 1934
Разред Gromida CLAPAREDE ET LACHMANN, 1859
Клас Granuloreticulosea DE SAEDELEER, 1934
Разред Monothalamida HAECKEL, 1962
AMOEBOZOA LUEHE,1913, EMEND.CAVALIER-SMITH,1998
• Tubulinea SMIRNOV IN ADL ET AL., 2005
•• Arcellinida KENT,1880 [=Testacealobosia DE
SAEDELEER,1934]
Arcellidae EHRENBERG, 1843
Centropyxidae JUNG, 1942
Plagiopyxidae BONNET ET THOMAS, 1960
Difflugiidae WALLICH, 1864
Heleoperidae JUNG, 1942
Hyalospheniidae SCHULTZE, 1877
Nebelidae TARANEK, 1882
Phryganellidae JUNG, 1942
Cryptodifflugiidae JUNG, 1942
Testate amoebae
with lobose
pseudopods
Difflugia sp.
Arcella
vulgaris
•RHIZARIA CAVALIER-SMITH, 2002
••Cercozoa CAVALIER-SMITH, 1998, EMEND. ADL ET AL., 2005
••• Imbricatea CAVALIER-SMITH 2011 [CAVALIER-SMITH 2003]
•••• Silicofilosea ADL ET AL., 2005 EMEND. ADL ET AL., 2012
••••• Euglyphida COPELAND 1956, EMEND. CAVALIER-SMITH
1997
Euglyphidae Wallich 1864, EMEND LARA ET AL. 2007
Assulinidae LARA ET AL. 2007
Trinematidae HOOGENRAAD & DE GROOT 1940, EMEND ADL
ET AL. 2012
Cyphoderiidae DE SAEDELEER 1934
Paulinellidae DE SAEDELLER 1934, EMEND. ADL ET AL. 2012
Trinema enchelys
(by Siemensma)
Euglypha
Compressa
(by Siemensma)
Microgromia sp., 13.6 µm, pseudopodial
network about 200 µm large (by Siemensma)
Microchlamys patella
Arcella
mitrata
Hyalosphenia papilio
Structure of a shell of Arcella
Difflugia acuminata
(by Davidova)
Centropyxis ecornis
(by Davidova)
Difflugia bacillifera
(by Siemensma)
Morphological Diversity of Testate Amoebae
Lesquereusia modesta
Euglypha rotunda
Nebela galeata
Difflugiella pussilla
Netzelia species secrete their own building
material, called idiosomes, but they also
use xenosomes which they modify and
smooth.
Morphological Diversity of Testate Amoebae
Euglypha
compressa
Edward Mitchell
Corythion dubium
Photo by E. Mitchell
Testate amoebae are with a wide geographical
distribution and a significant range of habitats. They
are an abundant and diverse in various natural lakes,
marshes, rivers, artificial water basins, in peatlands
and terrestrial bryophytes, different types of soil and
marine littoral. Thecamoebians occupy every
sufficiently moist niche such as tree bark, caves,
mines, and so forth.
Testate amoebae can be divided into four ecological
categories: freshwater-, moss-, soil- and marinedwelling and have different morphological, biological,
and ecological adaptations to their specific habitats.
Freshwater
reservoirs
Reservoirs
Ticha
Batak
Rabisha
Ovcharitsa
Lakes
Shabla lake
Ezerets lake
Srebarna lake
Durankulak lake
Rivers
Veleka
Rezovska
Fakijska
Number of
species/
genera
A ratio of the
A ratio of the
A ratio of the
number of species number of species number of species
of the genus
of the genus
of the genus
Difflugia to the
Centropyxis to
Arcella to the
total number of
the total number
total number of
species
of species
species
104 / 24*
93 / 21**
78 / 19***
75 / 18***
55.8%
50.5%
41.0%
45.3%
13.5%
11.8%
15.4%
16.0%
2.0%
6.5%
3.8%
2.7%
81/20****
79/20****
118/20***
91/20***
55.6%
51.9%
37.3%
37.4%
11.1%
13.9%
19.5%
15.4%
1.2%
2.5%
13.6%
6.6%
80/21***
38/16***
29/12***
31.3%
18.4%
24.1%
16.3%
18.4%
17.2%
5.0%
0.0%
0.0%
Trinema
3%
Pseudodiff
lugia
2%
Phryganell
a
2% Euglypha
0%
Centropyxis
17%
Centropyxis
11%
Corythion
ella
1%
Others
24%
Difflugia
57%
Ticha Reservoir
Trinema
3%
Pseu
dodi
Microchla
fflug
mys Euglypha
ia
1%
7%
0%
Centropyxis
19%
Difflugia
41%
Corythionel
la
0%
Others
34%
Trinema
5%
Tracheleugl
Euglypha
ypha
5%
3%
Corythione
lla
0%
Others
31%
Difflugia
32%
Microchlam
ys
2%
River Veleka
Srebarna Lake
Trinema
2%
Others
16%
Centropyx
is
4%
Phryganell
a
1%
Euglypha
0%
Corythion
ella
7%
Difflugia
70%
Others
18%
Trinema
3%
Microchla
mys
7% Euglypha
9%
Trinema
46%
Centropyxis
10%
Difflugia
37%
Corythion
ella
0%
Srebarna Lake
Ticha Reservoir
Others
10%
Centropyxis
26%
Corythion
ella
0%
Difflugia
7%
Euglypha
17%
Tracheleu
glypha
3%
Microchla
mys
7%
River Veleka
Characteristic species for the benthal of the lakes and reservoirs
Difflugia sarissa
(by Davidova)
Difflugia piryformis
(by Davidova)
Difflugia bistrica
(by Davidova)
Lesquereusia
mimetica
var. parva
(by Davidova)
Centropyxis ecornis
(by Davidova)
Comparison of the relative abundance of the established
genera in the phytal in different freshwater reservoirs
Rabisha Reservoir
Trinema
12%
Srebarna Lake
Others Centropyxis
6%
13%
Difflugia
21%
Pseudodiffl
ugia
25%
Phryganella
11%
Trinema
25%
Difflugiella
8%
Microchlam
Euglypha
ys
3%
2%
River Veleka
Others
13%
Microchlam
ys
Phryganella
7%
3%
Centropyxis
12%
Difflugia
14%
Trinema
42%
Others
13%
Difflugiella
4%
Microchlam Euglypha
11%
ys
4%
Centropyxis
20%
Difflugia
8%
Difflugiella
7%
Euglypha
17%
Trinema enchelys
Euglypha acanthophora (by Siemensma)
Trinema lineare
(by Siemensma)
Centropyxis aculeata
(by Siemensma)
(by Siemensma)
Euglypha fillifera
(by Siemensma)
Phryganella acropodia
(by Siemensma)
Euglypha test sitting on algal filament. (by
Oyadomari)
Schoenbor
nia
8%
Difflugiell
a
19%
Difflugia
34%
Tracheleug
Others
Centropyxi
lypha
5%
s
12%
13% Difflugia
11%
Others
2%
Centropyx
is
37%
Ticha Reservoir
Microchla
mys
9%
Arcella
22%
Difflugiella
1%
Euglypha
27%
Srebarna Lake